Big History examines history on a large scale across long time frames through a multi-disciplinary approach. History is the study of the past particularly the written record Those who study history as a Profession are called Historians Etymology A tone may be sustained for varying lengths of time. duration is a property of tone that becomes one of the bases rhythem or an amount of Time or a particular time [1] Big History gives a focus on the alteration and adaptations in the human experience. [2] Big History is a discrete field of historical study that arose in the late 1980s. The 1980s was the decade spanning from January 1 1980 to December 31 1989. It is related to, but distinct from, world history[2], as the field examines history from the beginning of time to the present day. World History is a field of historical study that emerged as a distinct academic field in the 1980s. In Physical cosmology, the Planck epoch (or Planck era) named after Max Planck, is the earliest period of Time in the history of the Universe For current events see PortalCurrent events The term " present day " is used to describe the rough period of Time that In some respects, the field is thus similar to the older universal history.
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Description
Big History looks at the past on all time scales, from the Big Bang to modernity, seeking out common themes and patterns. The Big Bang is the cosmological model of the Universe that is best supported by all lines of scientific evidence and Observation. Modernity is a term that refers to the Modern era. It is distinct from Modernism, and in different contexts refers to cultural and intellectual movements of the A theme, from Old French tesme, is a broad idea in a story or literary work or a message or lesson conveyed by a written text A pattern, from the French patron, is a theme of recurring events or objects sometimes referred to as elements of a set It uses a multi-disciplinary approach from the latest findings, such as biology, astronomy, geology, climatology, prehistory, archeology, anthropology, cosmology, natural history, and population and environmental studies. Foundations of modern biology There are five unifying principles Astronomy (from the Greek words astron (ἄστρον "star" and nomos (νόμος "law" is the scientific study Geology (from Greek γη gê, "earth" and λόγος Logos, "speech" lit Climatology (from Greek grc κλίμα klima, "region zone" and grc -λογία -logia) is the study of Climate, scientifically Stone Age Paleolithic See also Paleolithic, Recent African Origin, Early Homo sapiens, Early human migrations "Paleolithic" Archaeology, archeology, or archæology (from Greek grc ἀρχαιολογία archaiologia – grc ἀρχαῖος archaīos Anthropology (/ˌænθɹəˈpɒlədʒi/ from Greek grc ἄνθρωπος anthrōpos, "human" -λογία -logia) is the study of Cosmology (from Greek grc κοσμολογία - grc κόσμος kosmos, "universe" and grc -λογία -logia) is study Natural history is the Scientific research of Plants or Animals leaning more towards the Observational than Experimental methods In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology Environmental studies is the systematic study of human interaction with their environment Big History arose from a desire to go beyond the specialized and self-contained fields that emerged in the 20th century and grasp history as a whole, looking for common themes across the entire time scale of history. The twentieth century of the Common Era began on [3][4] Conventionally, the study of history is typically limited to the written word and the systematic narrative and research of past events as relating to the human race; yet this only encompasses the past 5,000 years or so and leaves out the vast majority of history and all events in time, in relation to humanity.
The first courses in Big History were experimental ones taught in the late 1980s by John Mears at Southern Methodist University (Dallas, Texas) and by David Christian at Macquarie University (Australia), and more recently at San Diego State University. Southern Methodist University ("SMU" is a private, Coeducational University in University Park, Texas (an enclave Dr David Gilbert Christian (born 1946 is an Anglo-American historian Macquarie University is an Australian public University located in Sydney. History Established on March 13 1897 San Diego State University first began as the San Diego Normal School intended to educate local future female elementary school teachers [5][6] Since then, a number of other universities have offered similar courses. The first book in Big History was published in 1996 by Fred Spier entitled, The Structure of Big History: From the Big Bang until Today, which offers an ambitious defense of the project and constructs a unified account of history across all time scales. One notable text in Big History is David Christian's Maps of Time: An Introduction to Big History, which explores history from the first micro-seconds of the Big Bang, to the creation of the solar system, to the origins of life on earth, the evolution of humans, the agricultural revolution, modernity, and the 20th century. Christian examines large-scale patterns and themes, and provides perspective of time scales.
See also
Further reading
- Books listed by date
- Bryson, B. Deep time is the concept of geologic time first recognized in the 11th century by the Persian geologist and Polymath, Avicenna (Ibn Sina 973-1037 (2005). A short history of nearly everything: [illustrated]. A Short History of Nearly Everything (ISBN 0-7679-0817-1 is a General science book by Bill Bryson, which explains some areas of science in ordinary London: Transworld.
- Diamond, J. M. (2003). Guns, germs, and steel: the fates of human societies. Guns Germs and Steel The Fates of Human Societies is a 1997 book by Jared Diamond, professor of Geography and Physiology at UCLA New York: W. W. Norton & Co.
- Manning, P. (2003). Navigating world history: historians create a global past. New York, N. Y. : Palgrave Macmillan.
- Stamhuis, I. H. (2002). The changing image of the science. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic.
- Drees, Willem B. (2001). Creation: From Nothing Until Now. Routledge. ISBN 0415256526
- Berry, Thomas (1999). The Great Work: Our Way into the Future. New York: Bell Tower.
- Delsemme, Arnaud (1998). Our Cosmic Origins.
- Hawking, S. W. (1998). A brief history of time. A Brief History of Time is a Popular science Book written by Stephen Hawking and first published by the Bantam Dell Publishing Group London: Bantam.
- McSween, Harry, and Brian Swimm (1997). Fanfare for Earth.
- Swimme, Brian, and Thomas F. Berry (1992). The Universe Story: From the Primordial Flaring Forth to the Ecozoic Era—A Celebration of the Unfolding of the Cosmos. San Francisco.
- Gonick, L. (1990). The cartoon history of the universe. The Cartoon History of the Universe is an ongoing Book series about the History of the world New York: Doubleday.
- Asimov, Isaac (1987). Beginnings: The Story of Origins, of Mankind, Life, the Earth, the Universe.
- Kutter, Siegfried (1987). The Universe and Life.
- Cloud, Preston (1978). Cosmos, Earth and Man.
- Essays and other publications
- John Mears, "Connections and Continuities: Integrating World History into Larger Analytical Frameworks"
- Bruce Mazlish, "Big History, Little Critique"
- Marnie Hughes-Warrington, "Big History". Social Evolution & History. Social Evolution & History (sometimes abbreviated as SEH) is an international journal focused on the development of human societies in the past present and future Vol. 4 (2005). #1. P. 7-21.
- David Christian, "Bridging the Two Cultures: History, Big History, and Science"
- Eric J. Chaisson, "Follow the Energy: The Relevance of Cosmic Evolution for Human History"
- Akop P. Nazaretyan, "Big (Universal) History Paradigm: Versions and Approaches". Social Evolution & History. Social Evolution & History (sometimes abbreviated as SEH) is an international journal focused on the development of human societies in the past present and future Vol. 4 (2005). #1. P. 61-86.
- Fred Spier, "What Drives Human History? A View from Big History"
- Fred Spier, "How Big History Works". Social Evolution & History. Social Evolution & History (sometimes abbreviated as SEH) is an international journal focused on the development of human societies in the past present and future Vol. 4 (2005). #1. P. 87-135.
References
- General information
- David Christian (2004). Maps of Time: An Introduction to Big History. ISBN 0-520-23500-2
- Fred Spier (1996). The Structure of Big History: From the Big Bang until Today. ISBN 90-5356-220-6
- Citations and notes
- ^ Maps of Time: An Introduction to Big History By David Christian
- ^ a b Growing Up: The History of Childhood in a Global Context By Peter N. Stearns. Page 9
- ^ Maps of Time: An Introduction to Big History By David Christian. Page 441.
- ^ The Changing Image of the Sciences By Ida H. Stamhuis. Page 146.
- ^ http://www-rohan.sdsu.edu/dept/histweb/graduate_program/documents/FacultyAreasofSpecialization.doc
- ^ San Diego State University
External links
- Big History by Marnie Hughes-Warrington. bu. edu.
- David Christian
- Maps of Time: Introduction. 2004. Introduction chapter from the book.
- World History in Context. 2003. Christian makes the case that human history is significant across all time scales.
- "The Case for Big History". 1991. An early essay.
- Big History Big History courses at the University of Amsterdam.
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