In inorganic chemistry, bicarbonate (IUPAC-recommended nomenclature: hydrogencarbonate) is an intermediate form in the deprotonation of carbonic acid. Inorganic chemistry is the branch of Chemistry concerned with the properties and behavior of Inorganic compounds This field covers all Chemical compounds The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry ( IUPAC) (aɪjuːpæk or ay-yoo-pec) is an international Non-governmental organization Deprotonation is a Chemistry term that refers to the removal of a Proton ( Hydrogen Cation H+ from a Molecule, forming Carbonic acid (ancient name acid of air or aerial acid) has the formula H2CO3
Bicarbonate serves a crucial biochemical role in the physiological pH buffering system. pH is the measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a Solution. [1]
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Chemical properties
The bicarbonate ion (hydrogen carbonate) is an anion with the empirical formula HCO3− and a molecular mass of 61. An ion is an Atom or Molecule which has lost or gained one or more Valence electrons giving it a positive or negative electrical charge Use in chemistry In Chemistry, the empirical formula of a Chemical compound is a simple expression of the relative number of each type of Atom Hydrogen (ˈhaɪdrədʒən is the Chemical element with Atomic number 1 Carbon (kɑɹbən is a Chemical element with the symbol C and its Atomic number is 6 Oxygen (from the Greek roots ὀξύς (oxys (acid literally "sharp" from the taste of acids and -γενής (-genēs (producer literally begetteris the 01 daltons; it consists of one central carbon atom surrounded by three oxygen atoms in a trigonal planar arrangement, with a hydrogen atom attached to one of the oxygens. The unified atomic mass unit ( u) or Dalton ( Da) or sometimes universal mass unit, is an unit of Mass used to express History See also Atomic theory, Atomism The concept that matter is composed of discrete units and cannot be divided into arbitrarily tiny In Chemistry, trigonal planar is a Molecular geometry with one atom at the center and three atoms at the corners of a triangle all in one plane The bicarbonate ion carries a negative one formal charge and is the conjugate base of carbonic acid, H2CO3; it is the conjugate acid of CO32−, the carbonate ion as shown by these equilibrium reactions. Chemistry, a formal charge (FC is a Partial charge on an Atom in a Molecule assigned by assuming that Electrons in a Chemical Within the Brønsted - Lowry ( protonic) theory of acids and bases, a conjugate acid is the acid member HX of a pair of two compounds that transform Carbonic acid (ancient name acid of air or aerial acid) has the formula H2CO3 Within the Brønsted - Lowry ( protonic) theory of acids and bases, a conjugate acid is the acid member HX of a pair of two compounds that transform In Chemistry, a carbonate is a salt or Ester of Carbonic acid. In a Chemical process, chemical equilibrium is the state in which the chemical activities or Concentrations of the reactants and products have no net change
CO32− +2 H2O ⇋ HCO3− + H2O + OH− ⇋ H2CO3 +2 OH−
H2CO3 +2 H2O ⇋ HCO3− + H3O+ + H2O ⇋ CO32− +2 H3O+
A bicarbonate salt forms when a positively charged ion attaches to the negatively charged oxygen atoms of the ion, forming an ionic compound. A chemical compound is a substance consisting of two or more different elements chemically bonded together in a fixed proportion by Mass. Many bicarbonates are soluble in water at standard temperature and pressure, particularly sodium bicarbonate and magnesium bicarbonate; both of these substances contribute to total dissolved solids, a common parameter for assessing water quality. Solubility is the characteristic Physical property referring to the ability of a given substance the Solute, to dissolve in a Solvent. Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. In Physical sciences standard conditions for temperature and pressure are Standard sets of conditions for experimental measurements to allow comparisons to be made Sodium bicarbonate or sodium hydrogen carbonate is the Chemical compound with the formula NaHCO3 Total Dissolved Solids (often abbreviated TDS) is an expression for the combined content of all Inorganic and organic substances contained in a liquid Water quality is the physical chemical and biological characteristics of Water in relationship to a set of standards
Biochemical role
Bicarbonate is an alkaline, and a vital component of the pH buffering system[1] of the body (maintaining acid-base homeostasis). In Chemistry, an alkali (from Arabic: Al-Qaly القلي القالي) is a basic, ionic salt of an Alkali metal pH is the measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a Solution. Acid-base homeostasis is the part of Human homeostasis concerning the proper balance between Acids and bases, in other words the PH. 86%-90% of CO2 in the body is converted into carbonic acid (H2CO3), which can quickly turn into bicarbonate (HCO3−). Carbonic acid (ancient name acid of air or aerial acid) has the formula H2CO3
With carbonic acid as the central intermediate species, bicarbonate, in conjunction with water, hydrogen ions, and carbon dioxide forms this buffering system which is maintained at the volatile equilibrium[1] required to provide prompt resistance to drastic pH changes in both the acidic and basic directions. A reaction intermediate or an intermediate is a Molecular entity that is formed from the reactants (or preceding intermediates and reacts further to give the directly Chemical species are Atoms Molecules molecular fragments Ions etc Hydrogen ion is recommended by IUPAC as a general term for all Ions of Hydrogen and its Isotopes Depending on the Charge of the ion Carbon dioxide ( Chemical formula:) is a Chemical compound composed of two Oxygen Atoms covalently bonded to a single In Chemistry, a base is most commonly thought of as an aqueous substance that can accept Protons This refers to the Brønsted-Lowry theory of acids and This is especially important for protecting tissues of the central nervous system, where pH changes too far outside of the normal range in either direction could prove disastrous. Tissue is a cellular organizational level intermediate between cells and a complete organism In Vertebrates the central nervous system ( CNS) is the part of the Nervous system which is enclosed in the Meninges. (See acidosis, or alkalosis. Acidosis is an increased Acidity (ie an increased Hydrogen ion Concentration) Alkalosis refers to a condition reducing Hydrogen ion concentration of arterial Blood plasma ( alkalemia) )
Bicarbonate also acts to regulate pH in the small intestine. It is released from the pancreas in response to the hormone secretin to neutralize the acid chyme entering the duodenum from the stomach [2]
Other uses
The most common salt of the bicarbonate ion is sodium bicarbonate, NaHCO3, which is used as baking soda. The pancreas is a Gland organ in the digestive and Endocrine system of Vertebrates. Secretin is a Peptide hormone produced in the S cells of the Duodenum in the Crypts of Lieberkühn. Sodium bicarbonate or sodium hydrogen carbonate is the Chemical compound with the formula NaHCO3 Sodium bicarbonate or sodium hydrogen carbonate is the Chemical compound with the formula NaHCO3 When exposed to an acid such as acetic acid (vinegar), sodium bicarbonate releases carbon dioxide. In Computer science, ACID ( Atomicity Consistency Isolation Durability) is a set of properties that guarantee that Database transactions are Acetic acid, also known as ethanoic acid, is an organic chemical compound, giving Vinegar its sour taste Vinegar is an acidic liquid processed from the Fermentation of Ethanol in a process that yields its key ingredient Acetic acid (also called ethanoic acid Carbon dioxide ( Chemical formula:) is a Chemical compound composed of two Oxygen Atoms covalently bonded to a single This is used as a leavening agent in baking. A leavening agent (sometimes called just leavening or leaven) is a substance used in Doughs and batters that causes a foaming action intended Baking is the technique of prolonged Cooking of Food by dry heat acting by conduction, and not by radiation, normally in an Oven,
The flow of bicarbonate ions from rocks weathered by the carbonic acid in rainwater is an important part of the carbon cycle. The carbon cycle is the biogeochemical cycle by which carbon is exchanged among the Biosphere, Pedosphere, Geosphere, Hydrosphere, and
Bicarbonate also serves in the digestive system. It raises the internal pH of the stomach, after highly acidic digestive juices have finished in their digestion of food.
Diagnostics
In diagnostic medicine, the blood value of bicarbonate is one of several indicators of the state of acid-base physiology in the body. Diagnosis is the identification by Process of elimination, of the nature of anything A Reference range is a set of values used by a Health professional to interpret a set of Medical test results
The parameter Standard bicarbonate concentration (SBCe) is the bicarbonate concentration in the blood at a CO2 of 5. Carbon dioxide ( Chemical formula:) is a Chemical compound composed of two Oxygen Atoms covalently bonded to a single 33kPa, full oxygen saturation and 37 degrees Celsius. The Celsius Temperature scale was previously known as the centigrade scale. [3]
Bicarbonate compounds
References
- ^ a b c http://www.biology.arizona.edu/biochemistry/problem_sets/medph/intro.html
Biology. Sodium bicarbonate or sodium hydrogen carbonate is the Chemical compound with the formula NaHCO3 Potassium bicarbonate (also known as potassium hydrogen carbonate or potassium acid carbonate) is a colorless odorless slightly basic, salty substance Calcium bicarbonate (Ca(HCO32 also called calcium hydrogen carbonate, does not refer to a known solid compound it “exists” only in a solution Ammonium bicarbonate, also called bicarbonate of ammonia, ammonium hydrogen carbonate, hartshorn, or powdered baking ammonia, is the arizona. edu - October 2006. Clinical correlates of pH levels: bicarbonate as a buffer. - ^ Berne & Levy, Principles of Physiology
- ^ Acid Base Balance (page 3)
See also
External links
Carbon dioxide ( Chemical formula:) is a Chemical compound composed of two Oxygen Atoms covalently bonded to a single Carbonic acid (ancient name acid of air or aerial acid) has the formula H2CO3 In Chemistry, a carbonate is a salt or Ester of Carbonic acid. The carbonic anhydrases (or carbonate dehydratases) form a family of Enzymes that catalyze the rapid conversion of Carbon dioxide to Bicarbonate Hard water is the type of Water that has high Mineral content (in contrast with Soft water) An arterial blood gas ( ABG) is a Blood test that is performed specifically on Blood from an Artery. Medical Subject Headings ( MeSH) is a huge Controlled vocabulary (or metadata system for the purpose of indexing journal articles and booksDictionary
bicarbonate
-noun
- (chemistry) the univalent anion HCO3; any salt of carbonic acid in which only one of the hydrogen atoms has been replaced
- sodium bicarbonate used as a mild antacid; bicarbonate of soda
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