The Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana, the National Library of St Mark's, is one of the earliest surviving public manuscript depositories in Italy and holds one of the greatest classical texts collections in the world. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest The library is named after St Mark, the patron saint of Venice. "Saint Mark" redirects here For other uses see Saint Mark (disambiguation. The patron saint of a particular group of people is a Saint who would protect and 'love' the group and its members It is not to be confused with the State Archive of the Republic of Venice, which is housed in a different part of the city.
The library was provided with a building designed by Jacopo Sansovino. The first sixteen arcaded bays of his design were constructed during 1537 to 1553, with work on frescoes and other decorations continuing until 1560. Fresco (plural either frescos or frescoes) is any of several related Painting types done on Plaster on walls or Sansovino died in 1570, but in 1588, Vincenzo Scamozzi undertook the construction of the additional five bays, still to Sansovino's design, which brought the building down to the molo or embankment, next to Sansovino's building for the Venetian mint, the Zecca. Vincenzo Scamozzi ( September 2, 1548 - August 7, 1616) was an Italian Architect and a writer on architecture active mainly Zecca, Italian for " mint " (derived from the Arabic for " die " may refer to The historical One of the early librarians, from 1530, was Pietro Bembo. Pietro Bembo ( May 20, 1470 - either 11 January or 18 January, 1547 was an Italian scholar poet literary theorist and However, the library stock began to be collected before the construction of the building. For example, the germ of the collections in the library was the gift to the Serenissima of the manuscript collection assembled by Byzantine humanist, scholar, patron and collector, Cardinal Bessarion; he made a gift of his collection on 31 May 1468: some 750 codices in Latin and Greek, to which he added another 250 manuscripts and some printed books (incunabula), constituting the first "public" library open to scholars in Venice. This article is about the city See also Byzantine Empire. Byzantium ( Greek: Βυζάντιον Latin: la BYZANTIVM Renaissance Humanism was a European intellectual movement beginning in Florence in the last decades of the 14th century Basilios Bessarion or Basilius Bessarion (in Greek Βασίλειος Βησσαρίων ( January 2 1403 &ndash November 18 A codex ( Latin for block of wood, Book; plural codices) is a book in the format used for modern books with separate pages normally (In 1362 Petrarch's library was donated to Venice but this collection of manuscripts, ancient books, and personal letters was lost or dispersed [1]). The poet Petrarch arranged to leave his personal library to the city of Venice; but it never arrived
Like the British Library or the Library of Congress at later times, the Biblioteca Marciana profited from a law of 1603 that required that a copy be deposited in the Marciana of all books printed at Venice, the first such law. The British Library ( BL) is the National library of the United Kingdom. The Library of Congress is the De facto National library of the United States and the research arm of the United States Congress The Marciana was enriched by the transfer in the late eighteenth century of the collections accumulated in several monasteries, such as SS. Giovanni e Paolo in Venice and S. Giovanni di Verdara in Padua. Padua ( Padova 'padova Latin: Patavium, Padoa) is a city in the Veneto, northern Italy.
Great additions have been made to the collection from time to time:
- 1589: Melchiorre Guilandino of Marienburg (2. 200 printed books);
- 1595: Jacopo Contarini da S. Samuele, delayed until the extinction of the Contarini in the male line, in 1713 (175 mss and 1500 printed books);
- 1619: Girolamo Fabrici d'Acquapendente (13 volume with hand-colored anatomical illustrations);
- 1624: Giacomo Gallicio (20 Greek mss);
- 1734: Gian Battista Recanati (216 mss, among them the codices of the house of Gonzaga) ;
- 1792: Tommaso Giuseppe Farsetti (350 mss and printed books);
- 1794: Amedeo Svajer (more than 340 mss among which is the last will of Marco Polo);
- 1797: Jacopo Nani (over 1000 mss, largely Greek and Eastern)
With the fall of the Venetian Republic in 1797, the Marciana was enriched by the transfer of manuscripts and books from religious houses that were suppressed under the Napoleonic regime. Contarini is an illustrious Venetian family which furnished eight Doges to the Republic as well as an array of men eminent in the Church statecraft generalship The Gonzaga family ruled Mantua in Northern Italy from 1328 to 1708. Marco Polo ( September 15 1254 – January 9 1324 at earliest but no later than June 1325 was a Venetian trader and explorer Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe. In 1811 the library was moved to more spacious quarters in the Doge's Palace, where further collections entered:
- 1814: Girolamo Ascanio Molin (2209 fine printed books, 3835 prints and 408 drawings, housed in the Museo Correr for the most part;
- 1843: Girolamo Contarini (906 mss and 4000 printed books);
- 1852: Giovanni Rossi (470 mss and a collection of Venetian operas)
In 1904 the collection was moved to Sansovino's Zecca (built 1537-47 as a mint). The Doge's Palace is a gothic Palace in Venice. In Italian it is called the Palazzo Ducale di Venezia. The Museo Correr is the civic museum of Venice, located in the prominent Piazza San Marco, facing the basilica of the same name and partially occupies and is entered Opera is an art form in which Singers and Musicians perform a Dramatic work (called an opera which combines a text (called a Libretto The Library has since expanded back into its adjacent original quarters and even into sections of the Procuratie Nuove facing Piazza San Marco. The Procuratie (literally " procuracies " are three connected buildings on St Mark's Square in Venice. Piazza San Marco, often known in English as St Mark's Square, is the principal square of Venice, Italy.
Today, besides about a million printed books, the Biblioteca Marciana contains about 13,000 manuscripts and 2883 incunabula and 24,055 works printed between 1500 and 1600. There are many illuminated manuscripts. An illuminated manuscript is a Manuscript in which the text is supplemented by the addition of decoration such as decorated Initials borders and Among the irreplaceable treasures are unique scores of operas by Francesco Cavalli and sonatas by Domenico Scarlatti. Francesco Cavalli ( February 14 1602 &ndash January 14 1676) was an Italian composer of the early Baroque Giuseppe Domenico Scarlatti (October 26 1685 – July 23 1757 was a Neapolitan Composer who spent much of his life in Spain and Portugal.
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