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Białystok
Railway station
Railway station
Flag of Białystok
Flag		Coat of arms of Białystok
Coat of arms
Białystok (Poland)
Białystok
Białystok
Coordinates: 53°7′N 23°10′E / 53.117, 23.167
CountryFlag of Poland Poland
VoivodeshipPodlachian
Countycity county
Established14th century
Town rights1692
Government
 - MayorTadeusz Truskolaski
Area
 - City102. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Voivodeship The voivodeship or province (województwo has been a high-level Administrative subdivision of Poland since the 14th century A powiat (pronounced; Polish plural powiaty) is the second-level unit of Local government and administration in Poland, equivalent to a County Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 12 km² (39. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 4 sq mi)
Highest elevation160 m (525 ft)
Lowest elevation120 m (394 ft)
Population (2006)
 - City295,210
 - Density2,890. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 8/km² (7,487. 2/sq mi)
 - Metro370,000
Time zoneCET (UTC+1)
 - Summer (DST)CEST (UTC+2)
Postal code15-001
Area code(s)+48 85
Car platesBI
Website: http://www.bialystok.pl

Białystok [bjaˈwɨstɔk] (Image:Ltspkr.png listen) (also known by alternative names) is the largest city in northeastern Poland. A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central Central European Time ( CET) is one of the names of the Time zone that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+1 is used in the following locations Central European Time West Africa Time Western European Summer Time Daylight saving time ( DST Central European Summer Time ( CEST) is one of the names of UTC+2 Time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+2 corresponds to the following Time zones Eastern European Time Egypt Standard Time Central Africa Time A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks In common with many Countries, Polish car number plates indicate the Region of Registration of the Vehicle encoded in the number plate A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland It is located near the border with Belarus, and is the historical capital of the Podlachia region. Belarus ( Belarusian Беларусь / Biełaruś is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the north and east Podlachia, Podlesia, or Podlasie is a historical region in the eastern part of Poland and western Belarus. Białystok had a population of 294,830 in 2006. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The capital of the Podlachian Voivodeship since 1999, it was previously in Białystok Voivodeship (1921-1998). Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar)

Contents

Names

According to legend, Białystok was given its name by the Lithuanian prince Gediminas ca. Gediminas (ca 1275 – winter 1341 was the Monarch of medieval Grand Duchy of Lithuania with the title lt didysis kunigaikštis (вялікі князь 1320. An English translation of Białystok would be "white slope" or "clean stream" (in Old Polish language). English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Old Polish (Old Polish ięzyk Polſki, modern Polish: język staropolski) is a name used to describe the period in the history of the The city has been known in Belarusian as Беласток (Biełastok, IPA: [bʲeɫa'stok]), in Lithuanian as Baltstogė (White roof in Lithuanian), and in Yiddish as ביאַליסטאָק (Byalistok, Bjalistok). The Belarusian language, or Belorussian,(беларуская мова BGN/PCGN: byelaruskaya mova, Scientific: belaruskaja mova Lithuanian ( lietuvių kalba) is the official state language of Lithuania and is recognised as one of the official languages of the European Union. Yiddish (yi [[wiktייִדיש ייִדיש]] yidish or yi [[wiktאידיש אידיש]] idish, literally "Jewish" is a nonterritorial High It has been known in Russian as Белосток or Belostok, a variant also used sometimes in English. Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages

History

Białystok Cathedral
Białystok Cathedral

The first mention of the place in historical sources dates from 1437 when the land around the Biala river (which is called "Bialka" by inhabitants) was given by King Kazimierz Jagiellończyk of Poland to Raczko Tabutowicz, then in 1547 it passed to the Wiesiołowski family. Casimir IV Jagiellon (Kazimierz IV Jagiellończyk; Kazimieras Jogailaitis Kazimir Jahajłavič 30 November 1427 &ndash They built a brick castle and a church here. It was then a part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė old literary Lithuanian Didi Kunigiste Letuvos, Ruthenian: Wialikaje Kniastwa Litowskaje In 1645 after the death of Krzysztof Wiesiołowski, the last of the clan, Białystok became the property of the Commonwealth. In 1661 it was given to Stefan Czarniecki as a reward for his service in the victory over the Swedes. Biography Stefan Czarniecki was born in 1599 in family estate of Czarnca by Włoszczowa in southern Poland in an impoverished Szlachta family Four years later, as a dowry of his daughter Aleksandra, it passed to the Branicki family. Branicki (plural Braniccy) is the surname of a Polish Szlachta (nobility family

In the second half of the 18th century Hetman Jan Klemens Branicki, a commander in chief, became the heir of the Białystok area. The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system Hetman was the title of the second highest military commander (after the Monarch) used in 15th to 18th century Poland, Ukraine and Grand This article is about the 18th century Hetman See also Jan Klemens Branicki, starosta chęciński who died in 1657 and Jan Klemens Branicki, marszałek trybunału It was he who transformed the previously existing abode into the magnificent residence of a great noble. Several artists and scientists came to Białystok to take advantage of Branicki's patronage. Białystok received its city charter in 1749. Year 1749 ( MDCCXLIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a

After the third partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1795 it first belonged to the Prussian Kingdom, then after the Peace of Tilsit signed in 1807 it passed to Russia. The Partitions of Poland or Partitions of the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth took place in the second half of the 18th century and ended the existence of the The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, officially the Commonwealth of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania also known as the Most Serene Republic Year 1795 ( MDCCXCV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The Kingdom of Prussia (Königreich Preußen was a German kingdom from 1701 to 1918 and from 1871 was the leading state of the German Empire, comprising The Treaties of Tilsit were two agreements signed by Napoleon I of France in the aftermath of his victory at Friedland in the town of Tilsit Year 1807 ( MDCCCVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending During the 19th century the city became a major centre of textile industry. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar A textile is a flexible material comprised of a network of natural or artificial Fibres often referred to as thread or Yarn. Due to an industrial boom the population grew from 13,787 in 1857, and 56,629 in 1889, to 65,781 in 1901. Click here for Indian Rebellion of 1857 Year 1857 ( MDCCCLVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the Year 1889 ( MDCCCLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1901 ( MCMI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting In this period the majority of the city's population was Jewish.

After the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, the first heavy bombing of the town took place on 20 April 1915. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Year 1914 ( MCMXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 1303 - The University of Rome La Sapienza is instituted by Pope Boniface VIII. Year 1915 ( MCMXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year On 13 August 1915 German soldiers appeared in Białystok. Events 3114 BC - According to the Lounsbury correlation the start of the Maya calendar. Year 1915 ( MCMXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The city was included in the Ober Ost occupational region. Ober Ost is short for Oberbefehlshaber der gesamten Deutschen Streitkräfte im Osten, which is a German term meaning "Supreme Command of All German Forces in the East" In March of 1918 it was declared part of the Belarusian National Republic; in July of 1918 it was made part of Lithuanian Province and became capital of the Southern Lithuania government precinct. Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Belarusian People's Republic (Белару́ская Наро́дная Рэспу́бліка bʲeɫa'ruskaja na'rodnaja rɛs'publʲika translit Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Ober Ost is short for Oberbefehlshaber der gesamten Deutschen Streitkräfte im Osten, which is a German term meaning "Supreme Command of All German Forces in the East" Ober Ost is short for Oberbefehlshaber der gesamten Deutschen Streitkräfte im Osten, which is a German term meaning "Supreme Command of All German Forces in the East" On February 19, 1919 the city was taken by Poland. Events 197 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus defeats usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland During 1920, when overrun by Soviet forces during the Polish-Soviet War, it briefly served as headquarters of the Polish Revolutionary Committee headed by Julian Marchlewski, which attempted to declare the Polish Soviet Socialist Republic. Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar A soviet (сове́т, "council" originally was a workers' local council in late Imperial Russia. Provisional Polish Revolutionary Committee ( Polrewkom; Польревком (July-August 1920 was a Revolutionary committee created under the patronage of Soviet Julian Balthasar Marchlewski ( May 17, 1866 - March 22, 1925) was a Polish Socialist and later Communist Provisional Polish Revolutionary Committee ( Polrewkom; Польревком (July-August 1920 was a Revolutionary committee created under the patronage of Soviet

Dojlidy Palace in Białystok
Dojlidy Palace in Białystok

In the years 1920-1939 the city was again part of independent Poland. Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In September 1939, Białystok was occupied by the German army, but then passed on to the Soviet Union with respect to the secret protocol of the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact, when it was annexed into the Byelorussian SSR. Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The German Army (Deutsches Heer heɐ) is the land component of the armed forces of the Federal Republic of Germany. The Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (abbreviated as Byelorussian SSR or BSSR) (Беларуская Савецкая Сацыялістычная Рэспубліка The Biełastok vobłasć with the centre in Bielystok was created in 1939. Belastok Voblast or Belostok Oblast (Беластоцкая вобласць Беластокская Область Obwód białostocki was a territorial unit in the

On June 27, 1941, Białystok fell into Nazi hands as a result of the invasion of the Soviet Union. Events 1358 - Republic of Dubrovnik is founded 1709 - Peter the Great defeats Charles XII of Sweden Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 From the very beginning, the Nazis pursued a ruthless policy of pillage and extermination of the non-German population. The 56,000 Jewish members of the town were confined in a ghetto, which during August 1941 was exterminated. A ghetto is described as a "portion of a city in which members of a minority group live especially because of social legal or economic pressure Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. On the morning of June 27, 1941 Nazi troops from Order Police Battalion 309[1] surrounded the town square by the Great Synagogue (the largest wooden synagogue in Eastern Europe), and forced residents from their homes into the street. Events 1358 - Republic of Dubrovnik is founded 1709 - Peter the Great defeats Charles XII of Sweden Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Some were shoved up against building walls and shot dead. Others — some 800 men, women and children — were locked in the synagogue, which was subsequently set on fire; there they burned to death. The Nazi onslaught continued with the grenading of numerous homes and further shootings. As the flames from the synagogue spread and merged with the grenade fires, the entire square was engulfed. On that day — June 27, 1941 — some 3,000 Jews lost their lives. Events 1358 - Republic of Dubrovnik is founded 1709 - Peter the Great defeats Charles XII of Sweden Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. [2]

In the last year of the occupation, a clandestine upper Commercial School came into existence. The pupils of the school also took part in the underground resistance movement. As a result, some of them were jailed, some killed and others deported to concentration camps. Internment is the imprisonment or confinement of people commonly in large groups without trial

A number of anti-fascist groups came into existence in Białystok during the first weeks of the occupation. In the following years, there developed a well-organized resistance movement.

On August 15, 1943 the Białystok Ghetto Uprising began, and several hundred Polish Jews started an armed struggle against the German troops who were carrying out the planned liquidation of the ghetto. Events 778 - The Battle of Roncevaux Pass, at which Roland is killed Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Białystok Ghetto Uprising was an insurrection in Poland 's Białystok Ghetto against Germany during World War II.

Ecclesiastical history

For most of its existence, Białystok was part of the diocese of Vilna, the Lithuanian capital.

Only on June 5, 1991, was the diocese of Białystok (Latin rite) bishopric established. The Latin Rite is one of the 23 Sui iuris Particular Churches within the Catholic Church. On March 25, 1992, it was promoted as Metropolitan Archdiocese of Białystok with two Suffragan dioceses: Drohiczyn (also established in 1991) and Łomża (established on March 25, 1798 as the Diocese of Sejny / Augustów / Sejna). An ecclesiastical province is a large jurisdiction of religious government so named by analogy with a secular Province, existing in certain hierarchical Christian A suffragan bishop is a Bishop subordinate to a Metropolitan bishop or Diocesan bishop. The Roman Catholic Diocese of Drohiczyn { Latin: Drohiczinen(sis } is an Diocese located in the city of Drohiczyn in the Ecclesiastical The Roman Catholic Diocese of Łomża { Latin: Łomżen(sis } is a Diocese located in the city of Łomża in the Ecclesiastical province

Education

Branicki Palace in Białystok.
Branicki Palace in Białystok.
Garden of Branicki Palace.
Garden of Branicki Palace.

Politics

Białystok constituency

City county of Białystok
City county of Białystok

Members of Parliament (Sejm) elected from Białystok constituency

Municipal politics

to be written yet

Administrative division

Districts of Białystok
Districts of Białystok

The City of Białystok is divided into 28 districts:

  1. Centrum
  2. Białostoczek
  3. Sienkiewicza
  4. Bojary
  5. Piaski
  6. Przydworcowe
  7. Młodych
  8. Antoniuk
  9. Jaroszówka
  10. Wygoda
  11. Piasta I
  12. Piasta II
  13. Skorupy
  14. Mickiewicza
  15. Dojlidy
  16. Bema
  17. Kawaleryjskie
  18. Nowe Miasto
  19. Zielone Wzgórza
  20. Starosielce
  21. Słoneczny Stok
  22. Leśna Dolina
  23. Wysoki Stoczek
  24. Dziesięciny I
  25. Dziesięciny II
  26. Bacieczki
  27. Zawady
  28. Dojlidy Górne

Monuments

Location of Białystok in Europe.
Location of Białystok in Europe. History University of Białystok was opened on June 19 1997. The University was established as a result of a transformation of the Branch of the History Białystok Technical University was opened on December 1, 1949. Medical University of Białystok was created in 1950 in a historical building from 18th century Pałac Branickich, which is the most historically important building Courses of study Public administration Cultural Studies International Relations Philosophy History Białystok Institute of Cosmetology was opened on April 16 2003. History Academy of Economics in Białystok was opened on January 5 1996. History The Academy of Finance and Management in Białystok was founded on August 17, 1993. The Polish People's Party ( Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe, PSL also translated as Polish Peasant(s Party) is a Political party in Poland. Komitet Wyborczy Sojusz Lewicy Demokratycznej - Unia Pracy (Democratic Left Alliance-Labor Union was the electoral committee and a coalition of two Polish political parties Sojusz The League of Polish Families ( Liga Polskich Rodzin, LPR is a right-wing political party in Poland. Law and Justice ( Prawo i Sprawiedliwość, PiS is a Polish political party. Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland ( Samoobrona Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej, SRP is an Agrarian Political party and Trade union in Civic Platform ( Platforma Obywatelska, PO is a Christian-democratic and liberal-conservative Polish political party. Jaroszówka may refer to the following places in Poland Jaroszówka, a district of the city of Białystok (NE Poland Jaroszówka Lower Leśna Dolina (meaning "forest valley" may refer to the following places in Poland: Leśna Dolina, a district of the city of Białystok Zawady may refer to Zawady (Białystok - district of Białystok Zawady (Poznań - quarter of Poznań

Historical population

Białystok's population (1921–2006) and gender composition (1921–2003)

Famous people

The official seal of Białystok.
The official seal of Białystok. Jan Henryk Dąbrowski (b August 2 1755 in Pierzchowice, Poland &ndash d World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Jerzy Popiełuszko ( pronounced jɛʐɨ popʲɛwuʂko (b September 23, 1947 in Okopy near Suchowola – October 19, 1984 Polish Land Forces (Wojska Lądowe RP is a branch of Poland 's Armed Forces. Siberia (Сиби́рь Sibir) is the name given to the vast region constituting almost all of Northern Asia and for the most part currently serving Białystok Ghetto Uprising was an insurrection in Poland 's Białystok Ghetto against Germany during World War II. Ludwig Lazarus Zamenhof (ˈzɑːmɨnhɒf in English born Eliezer Samenhof December 15 1859 &ndash April 14 1917 was an ophthalmologist, Philologist
Białystok, Lipowa street
Białystok, Lipowa street

Birthplace of

Sports

Cultural references

The asteroid 19981 Bialystock was named in the city's honour on 1 June 2007. Abraham ben Eliezer Lipman Liechtenstein was a Polish Rabbi and Author. Hetman Białystok (formerly known as Gwardia Bialystok) is a Polish football club based in Podlaskie Wojewodztwo. Jagiellonia Białystok ( pron) is a Polish football club Founded in 1920 it is based in Białystok, Poland and plays at Białystok Asteroids, sometimes called Minor planets or planetoids', are bodies—primarily of the inner Solar System —that are smaller than planets but 19981 Bialystock (1989 YB6 is a Main-belt Asteroid discovered on December 29, 1989 by E Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. †

The bagel-like roll, the bialy, derives its name from the city. A bagel is a bread product, traditionally made of Yeasted Wheat dough in the form of a roughly hand-sized ring which is first boiled in water and then baked Bialy, a Yiddish word short for bialystoker, from Białystok, a city in Poland, is a small roll that is a traditional dish in Polish Ashkenazi

The protagonist of Mel Brooks' film and musical The Producers is named Max Bialystock. Mel Brooks (born Melvin Kaminsky; June 28, 1926) is an American director, Writer, Composer, Lyricist Max Bialystock is a fictional character in Mel Brooks ' 1968 movie The Producers, played by Zero Mostel.

In the 1995 computer game Command & Conquer, the Brotherhood of Nod manipulates the global media into believing that Bialystok and all of its inhabitants were slaughtered by GDI forces. Command & Conquer (aka Command & Conquer Tiberian Dawn) is a 1995 Real-time strategy Video game produced by Westwood Studios The Brotherhood of Nod, often referred to simply as Nod or The Brotherhood, is a Fictional faction which is featured The United Nations' Global Defense Initiative (or UNGDI for short is a Fictional militarized branch of the United Nations which is featured prominently

A large part of the narrative of David Zagier's early memoirs, Botchki, centres on Bialystok.

Twin towns

Białystok is twinned with the following cities and towns:

See also

Sources and external links

References

  1. ^ Goldhagen, Daniel J. Częstochowa is a city in south Poland on the Warta River with 248894 inhabitants (2004 Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Dijon ( diʒɔ̃ is a city in eastern France, the capital of the Côte-d'Or departement and of the Bourgogne region This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Eindhoven ( is a Municipality and a city located in the province of Noord-Brabant in the south of the Netherlands, originally at the confluence The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Belarus ( Belarusian Беларусь / Biełaruś is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the north and east Jelgava (jælgava) is a Town in central Latvia about 41 km southwest of Riga with 66087 inhabitants (2006 Latvia ( Latvija officially the Republic of Latvia (Latvijas Republika is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region. Kaliningrad (Калининград is a Seaport and the administrative center of Kaliningrad Oblast, the Russian Exclave between Poland Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Kaunas ( ˈkoʊnəs is the second largest City in Lithuania and a former temporary capital. Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Krzysztof Kononowicz (born January 21, 1963 in Kętrzyn) was a candidate for the office of Mayor of Białystok the 2006 local Max Bialystock is a fictional character in Mel Brooks ' 1968 movie The Producers, played by Zero Mostel. The Bialystoker Synagogue at 7-11 Willett Street on the Lower East Side of Manhattan, New York City, New York State is an Orthodox Hitler's Willing Executioners: Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust New York, NY: Vintage Books, 1997
  2. ^ ::::The Importance of World Peace: The Holocaust::::


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