Bezalel Ashkenazi, (Hebrew: בצלאל בן אברהם אשכנזי), a rabbi and scholar of the Talmud, lived in the Palestine during the sixteenth century. Rabbi (pronunciation, although in English usually) in Judaism, means a religious ‘teacher’ or more literally ‘my great one’ when addressing any master The Talmud ( Hebrew: he תַּלְמוּד is a record of Rabbinic discussions pertaining to Jewish law, ethics, customs and history Palestine is a name which has been widely used since Roman times to refer to the region between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River. He is best known as the author of Shittah Mekubetzet, a commentary on the Talmud. He is very straightforward in his writings and occasionally offers textual amendments to the Talmud. His most important disciple was the famous Kabbalist, Rabbi Isaac Luria. Kabbalah (קַבָּלָה lit "receiving" is a discipline and school of thought discussing the mystical aspect of Judaism. Rabbi Isaac Luria (1534 – July 25 1572) was a Jewish mystic in Safed.
Biography
Ashkenazi was one of the leading Oriental Talmudists and rabbis of his day. The Orient is a term which simply means the " East " It originated in Western Asia to describe that part of the world He was probably born in Palestine toward the end of the sixteenth century. Palestine is a name which has been widely used since Roman times to refer to the region between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River. Descended from a family of German scholars, the greater part of his life was spent in Egypt where he received his Talmudic education from David ben Solomon ibn Abi Zimra and Israel de Curial. This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. Rabbi David ben Solomon ibn (Abi Zimra (דוד בן שלמה אבן אבי זמרא also called Radbaz ( רדב"ז) after the initials of his name R During the lifetime of his teachers, Ashkenazi was regarded as one of the highest authorities in the Orient, and he counted among his pupils such men as Isaac Luria and Solomon Adeni. Solomon ben Joshua Adeni ( Hebrew: שלמה בן יהושע) was an Mizrahi Jewish author and Talmudist, who lived during the first half of the 17th century The reputation of Ashkenazi in Egypt was so great that he could take it upon himself to abrogate the dignity of the nagid, which had existed for centuries and had gradually deteriorated into an arbitrary aristocratic privilege. Nagid, ( נגיד) is a Hebrew term meaning a prince or leader When, in 1587, a dispute occurred in Jerusalem over the point whether scholars not engaged in business should contribute to the taxes paid by the Jewish community to the pasha, and to what extent, Ashkenazi, together with several other rabbis, took the stand that Jewish scholars, being usually impelled by love alone to emigrate to Palestine, and being scarcely able to support themselves, should be relieved from all taxes. Pasha or pacha, formerly bashaw, (paşa پاشا ( Persian: پاشا ( Armenian: Փաշա was a high rank in the Ottoman Empire
In the same year, Ashkenazi himself traveled to Palestine and settled in Jerusalem, where he was recognized as their chief by both the Sephardim and the Ashkenazim. Jerusalem (יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, he-Latn Yerushaláyim; Arabic: ar القُدس, ar-Latn al-Quds) is the Sephardi Jews ( Hebrew: ספרדי, Standard Səfardi Tiberian Səp̄arədî; plural Ashkenazi Jews, also known as Ashkenazic Jews or Ashkenazim ( Hebrew: אַשְׁכֲּנָזִים, ˌaʃkəˈnazim sing The conditions in Jerusalem were at this time very critical; and it was mainly due to Ashkenazi's influence that the congregations of the city were not dissolved. The German Jews, who ordinarily did not recognize the jurisdiction of the Sephardim, and who, being largely scholars, refused to pay the Jews' tax, nevertheless bowed to Ashkenazi's authority. Jews have lived in Germany, or " Ashkenaz " at least since the early 4th century, through both periods of tolerance and spasms of The Ashkenazim had to contribute to the Jews' tax one-sixth of the sum that was sent from Europe for their support (see Halukka); otherwise the Sephardim, who were on the verge of penury, could not have remained in Jerusalem under the merciless exploitation of the Turkish pashas. The halukka (החלוקה was an organized distribution and collection of funds for the residents of the Yishuv haYashan in the Holy Land; which were organized into The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Pasha or pacha, formerly bashaw, (paşa پاشا ( Persian: پاشا ( Armenian: Փաշա was a high rank in the Ottoman Empire This peaceable arrangement between the Ashkenazim and the Sephardim was due solely to the personal influence of Ashkenazi; for immediately upon his death the Ashkenazim refused to keep their pledge. [1]
Shittah Mekubezet
To posterity Ashkenazi is known principally as the author of the Shittah Mekubezet, (trans. Gathered Interpretation). Translation is the interpreting of the meaning of a text and the subsequent production of an equivalent text likewise called a " translation This work, as its title indicates, is a collection of glosses on the greater part of the Talmud, after the fashion of the Tosafot; and in it Ashkenazi combined much original and foreign material. This article is about the literary term For other uses see Gloss (disambiguation. The Tosafot or Tosafos (תוספות are Mediæval commentaries on the Talmud. The great value of the Shittah lies principally in the fact that Ashkenazi gives therein numerous excerpts from Talmudic commentaries which have not otherwise been preserved.
The Shittah contains expositions of the Talmud taken from the works of the Spaniards Nahmanides, ben Adret, and Yom-Tov of Seville, and from those of the Frenchmen Abraham ben David, Baruch ben Samuel, Isaac of Chinon, etc. Nahmanides (1194 &ndash c 1270 was a Catalan Rabbi, philosopher, Physician, Kabbalist and biblical commentator. Shlomo ben Aderet ( Hebrew: שלמה בן אדרת) (or Solomon son of Aderet) (1235 — 1310 was a Medieval Rabbi, halakhist Yom Tov Asevilli or Yom Tov ben Avraham Asevilli (or Yom Tov the son of Abraham Asevilli) (1250-1330 who is commonly known to scholars of Judaism as Rabbeinu Abraham ben David was a Provençal rabbi, a great commentator on the Talmud, Sefer Halachot of rabbi Yitzhak Alfasi and The study of the Shittah is particularly valuable for understanding the Tosafists, because the work contains some of the older and inedited Tosafot; besides, glosses of R. Tosafists were Medieval Rabbis who created critical and explanatory Glosses on the Talmud. Asher ben Jehiel and of the disciples of R. Asher ben Jehiel ( Hebrew, אשר בן יחיאל, or Asher ben Yechiel sometimes Asheri) (1250 or 1259 &ndash 1328 was an eminent Rabbi and Perez are partly contained in it. Ashkenazi designed the Shittah to cover the whole Talmud; but only the following tracts were interpreted: Bezah, Baba Kamma, Baba Batra, Baba Metzia, Ketubot, Nedarim, Nazir, Sotah, and the order of Kodashim (excepting Hullin) — the last-mentioned in the Romm edition of the Talmud. Moed ("Festivals" is the second Order of the Mishnah, the first written recording of the Oral Torah of the Jewish people (also the Tosefta and Talmud Bava Kamma (Aramaic בבא קמא "The First Gate" often Transliterated Baḇa Ḳamma) is the first of a series of three Talmudic tractates Bava Batra is the third of the three tractates in the Talmud in the order Nezikin; it deals with a person's responsibilities and rights as the owner of property Bava Metzia ( Talmudic Aramaic: בבא מציעא "The Middle Gate" is the second of the three Talmudic Tractates in the order of Nezikin A ketubah ( pl ketubot) is a Jewish Prenuptial agreement. It is considered an integral part of a traditional Jewish marriage. Nashim ("Women" or "Wives" is the third order of the Mishnah (also of the Tosefta and Talmud) containing the laws related to women Nashim ("Women" or "Wives" is the third order of the Mishnah (also of the Tosefta and Talmud) containing the laws related to women This page is about Kodashim a section of the mishnah See Kedoshim (parsha for the Torah portion by that name This page is about Kodashim a section of the mishnah See Kedoshim (parsha for the Torah portion by that name Ashkenazi is also the author of a collection of responsa, which appeared after his death (Venice, 1595). His Methodology of the Talmud, and his marginal notes to the Yerushalmi, which were still extant at the time of Azulai, are preserved in manuscript at Jerusalem. The Jerusalem Talmud or Talmud Yerushalmi (תַּלְמוּד יְרוּשָׁלְמִי often the Yerushalmi for short is a collection Rabbi Chaim Joseph David ben Isaac Zerachia Azulai (1724 &ndash 21 March 1807) ( Hebrew: חיים יוסף דוד אזולאי
References
- ^ Responsa of Yom-Tov Zahalon, No. Yom Tov ben Moshe Tzahalon, ( Hebrew: יום טוב בן משה צהלון also known as the Maharitatz, (ca 160
This article incorporates text from the 1901–1906 Jewish Encyclopedia article "Ashkenazi, Bezalel" by Gotthard Deutsch and Louis Ginzberg, a publication now in the public domain. The Jewish Encyclopedia was an Encyclopedia originally published between 1901 and 1906 by Funk and Wagnalls. Gotthard Deutsch ( 31 January 1859 &ndash 14 October 1921) also spelled Gottard Deutsch, was a scholar of Jewish history Rabbi Louis Ginzberg was one of the outstanding Talmudists of the twentieth century The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone Jewish Encyclopedia bibliography: Azulai, Shem ha-Gedolim, ed. Rabbi Chaim Joseph David ben Isaac Zerachia Azulai (1724 &ndash 21 March 1807) ( Hebrew: חיים יוסף דוד אזולאי Benjacob, i. 36; David Conforte, Dore ha-Dorot (see index in Cassel ed. David Conforte (c 1618-c 1685 ( Hebrew: דוד קונפורטי) was a Hebrew literary historian born in Salonica, author of the literary chronicle ); Frumkin, Eben Shemuel, pp. 67 et seq. , 125 et seq. , Vilna, 1874; Michael, Or ha-Chaim, No. 612; Luncz, in Jerusalem, ii. Abraham Moses Luncz ( December 9, 1854 –1918 ( Hebrew: אברהם לונץ) was a Russian scholar and editor born at Kovno 23-27.
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