Bettina Brentano von Arnim (the Countess of Arnim) (4 April 1785, Frankfurt am Main – 20 January 1859, Berlin), born Elisabeth Catharina Ludovica Magdalena Brentano, was a German writer and novelist. Events 1581 - Francis Drake completes a circumnavigation of the world and is knighted by Elizabeth I. Year 1785 ( MDCCLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 250 - Emperor Decius begins a widespread persecution of Christians in Rome. Year 1859 ( MDCCCLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany.
Bettina Brentano was a writer, publisher, composer, singer, visual artist, an illustrator, patron of young talent and a social activist. She was the archetype of the Romantic era’s zeitgeist, and the crux of many creative relationships of canonical artistic figures. Bettina is best known for the company she kept. She had deep friendships with Goethe and Beethoven and tried to foster an artistic union between them. ˈjoːhan ˈvɔlfgaŋ fɔn ˈgøːtə (in English generally ˈgɝːtə 28 August 1749 22 March 1832 was a German writer Ludwig van Beethoven ( English ˈlʊdvɪg væn ˈbeɪtoʊvən, 16 December 1770 &ndash 26 March 1827 was a German Composer and Pianist. Many leading composers of the time, such as Robert Schumann, Franz Liszt, Johanna Kinkel and Johannes Brahms, admired her for her spirit and her talents. Robert Schumann, sometimes given as Robert Alexander Schumann (June 8 1810 &ndash July 29 1856 was a German Composer, Aesthete and influential Music critic Johanna Kinkel ( 8 July 1810 &ndash 15 November 1858) was a German Composer, Writer, and Revolutionary Johannes Brahms ( pronounced ˈbʁaːms (May 7 1833 &ndash April 3 1897 was a German Composer Her composition style was unconventional, in that it molded and melded her favorite features of the old—folk music and historic themes—with unusual harmonies, phrase lengths and improvisations that became synonymous with the music of the time.
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Family and early life
Bettina von Arnim was closely related to the German writers Clemens Brentano and Achim von Arnim: the first was her brother, the second her husband. A banknote (often known as a bill, paper money or simply a note) is a kind of Negotiable instrument, a Promissory note made by a Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Clemens Brentano, or Klemens Brentano ( September 9, 1778 &ndash July 28, 1842) was a German Poet and Ludwig Achim (or Joachim) von Arnim ( January 26, 1781 &ndash January 21, 1831) was a German Poet Her daughter Gisela von Arnim became a prominent writer as well. Gisela von Arnim ( August 30, 1827 – April 4, 1889) was a German writer mainly of Fairy tales Gisela was the youngest
Bettina was born in Frankfurt, Germany on April 4, 1785 into a large family of an Italian merchant. Her grandmother was a novelist and her brother was Clemens Brentano, the great poet known for his lyric poems, libretto and singspiel. Clemens Brentano, or Klemens Brentano ( September 9, 1778 &ndash July 28, 1842) was a German Poet and He was a mentor and protector to her, and influenced her to read poetry of the time, especially Goethe.
In 1811 she married Achim von Arnim, the renowned Romantic poet. Ludwig Achim (or Joachim) von Arnim ( January 26, 1781 &ndash January 21, 1831) was a German Poet They settled in Berlin and had seven children. Achim died in 1831, but Bettina maintained an active public life. She wrote, inspired and published until January 20, 1859 when she died surrounded by her children.
From 1991 until 31 December 2001, her portrait was printed on the German 5-DM bill. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar.
Career
The years of 1806-08, she was integral to gathering the folk songs for Des Knaben Wunderhorn, the collaborative work of her brother and her future husband, Achim von Armin. This piece became a touchstone of the Romantic musical and poetic style. From 1808 to 1809 she studied voice, composition and piano in Munich under Peter von Winter and Sebastian Bopp. She published her first song under the pseudonym Beans Beor. Bettina sang briefly in the Berliner Singakademie and composed settings of Hellenistic poems by Amalie von Helvig.
It was thought that she had stopped composing due to her domestic duties after her 1811 marriage, but several more art songs have been recovered and have been publishedd in Werke und Briefe. Another notable fact is that she was the first composer to set the poet Hölderlin’s work to song. Johann Christian Friedrich Hölderlin (ˈjoːhan ˈkrɪstiaːn ˈfriːdrɪç 'hœldərliːn in German March 20, 1770 &ndash June 6, 1843
She was a muse to the progressives of Prussia. She was linked to the socialist movement and was an advocate for the oppressed Jewish community. She published two politically dissident works but she evaded chastisement because of her friendship with the King of Prussia.
After the 1831 death of her husband, Bettina continued her dedication to the creative community. She published a collection of seven songs as a public sign of support for Prussian Music Director, Gaspare Spontini, who was under a great deal of duress. Gaspare Luigi Pacifico Spontini ( 14 November, 1774 &ndash 24 January, 1851) was an Italian Opera Composer
Postmortem reconsideration
A great love of Goethe’s work and friendship, which began when she was 21 and Goethe 58, stayed with her over the breadth of her life. Bettina's Briefwechsel mit einem Kinde (literally: "Exchange of letters with a child") was a published volume of letters between her and the renowned author which portrayed a mutual romance. However, the originals of these letters were discovered after her death. Some commentators claim that her published versions were significantly edited to bolster the appearance of an intimate relationship and that Goethe's own letters to her were much more formal and impersonal than the versions Bettina had published. However, a close comparison of the letters indicates this claim is not justified. His letters to her were similar in style and content to what she published, although she added fictional portions indicating his support for Tyrolean rebels with whom Bettina sympathized. Goethe could not have expressed such support because the Duke for whom he worked was part of a Napoleonic alliance that included Bavaria, which was suppressing the rebels.
The life of Bettina von Arnim, particularly her relationship with Goethe, was explored at length by the Franco-Czech author Milan Kundera in his novel Immortality. Milan Kundera (ˈmɪlan ˈkundɛra (born April 1, 1929, in Brno, Czechoslovakia) is a French Writer of Czech Closely tied to the main theme of his book, Kundera interpreted Bettina as attempting to achieve lasting fame through her promotion of and relation to great men. However, it is not disputed that thirteen letters to her from Goethe have been found as has been one to her from Beethoven. The text of the found letter from Beethoven is identical to what she published.
In 2002, the Beethoven Journal, published by the American Beethoven Society, included an article that claimed that Bettina was Beethoven's famous "Immortal Beloved". (see Vol 17, Issue 2). Bettina had published three letters she claimed to have received from Beethoven. Only one has been found and it was identical to what she had published. In the found letter, Beethoven acknowledged receiving two letters from Bettina and begged her to write to him again "soon and often". He also wrote that he had carried one of her letters around with him the whole summer and that it made him "often supremely happy". In closing the letter, he addressed her in the intimate German "du-form", which so far as is known, he never used in his letters to any woman except to the Immortal Beloved. If another of the three letters from Beethoven that Bettina published is genuine, it would conclusively prove that she was his Immortal Beloved.
Namesake town in Texas
The failed 1847 German settlement of Bettina in Texas was named by its progressive, idealistic founders for Bettina von Arnim. Texas ( is a state geographically located in the South Central United States and is also known as the Lone Star State. It was located near the join of Elm Creek and the Llano River, and lasted only a year, disbanding in 1848. The Llano River (LAN-no is a tributary of the Colorado River, approximately 105 mi (169 km long in central Texas in the United States. There is no trace of the Bettina community, other than the later prominence of two of its founders, Gustav Schleicher (later a U. Gustav Schleicher (sometimes spelled Gustave ( November 19, 1823 &ndash January 10, 1879) was a German -born S. congressman and namesake of Schleicher County) and Dr. Schleicher County is a County located in the US state of Texas. Ferdinand Herff, who in 1854 became the first surgeon to use anesthesia in Texas. [1]
Works
- Briefwechsel mit einem Kinde, 1835 (Correspondence with a Child – English translation)
- Die Günderode, 1840
- Dies Buch gehört dem König, 1843
- Clemens Brentanos Frühlingskranz, 1844
- An die aufgelöste Preußische Nationalversammlung, 1849
References
- ^ Lyman Wight's Mormon Colony in Texas excerpt from "Mormon Trails" chapter in Hill Country travel guide by Richard Zelade. Year 1835 ( MDCCCXXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Year 1840 ( MDCCCXL) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Year 1843 ( MDCCCXLIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Year 1844 ( MDCCCXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Year 1849 ( MDCCCXLIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Accessed August 6, 2007.
Resources
- Lemke, Ann Willison, grovemusic. com, February 13, 2007
- The Guardian, A Virtuoso Muse Saturday August 23, 2003
- Frederiksen E. , Goodman K. , "Bettina Brentano-von Arnim: Gender and Politics," The German Quarterly, Vol. 71, No. 2 (Spring, 1998), pp. 187-188.
- Walden, Edward, "Beethoven's Immortal Beloved; Arguments in Support of the Candidacy of Bettina Brentano"; 'Beethoven Journal', Winter, 2002, Vol. 17, Issue 2.
This article incorporates text from the public domain 1907 edition of The Nuttall Encyclopædia. The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone The Nuttall Encyclopædia: Being a Concise and Comprehensive Dictionary of General Knowledge is an early-20th-century Encyclopedia, edited by
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