| Bernstein I | |
| United States District Court for the Northern District of California | |
| Full case name | Daniel J. Bernstein et al. The United States District Court for the Northern District of California is the federal United States district court whose jurisdiction comprises following counties Daniel Julius Bernstein (sometimes known simply as djb; born October 29, 1971) is a Professor at the University of Illinois at Chicago , v. United States Department of State et al. |
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| Date decided | April 15, 1996 |
| Citations | 922 F. Events 1450 - Battle of Formigny: Toward the end of the Hundred Years' War, the French attack and nearly annihilate English Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) Supp. 1426 |
| Judges sitting | Marilyn Hall Patel |
| Bernstein II | |
| United States District Court for the Northern District of California | |
| Full case name | Daniel J. Bernstein et al. Judge Marilyn Hall Patel (born 1938) is an active judge presiding in the U The United States District Court for the Northern District of California is the federal United States district court whose jurisdiction comprises following counties Daniel Julius Bernstein (sometimes known simply as djb; born October 29, 1971) is a Professor at the University of Illinois at Chicago , v. United States Department of State et al. |
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| Date decided | December 9, 1996 |
| Citations | 945 F. Events 536 - Byzantine General Belisarius enters Rome while the Ostrogothic garrison peacefully leaves the city Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) Supp. 1279 |
| Judges sitting | Marilyn Hall Patel |
| Bernstein III | |
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| United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit | |
| Full case name | Daniel J. Bernstein et al. Judge Marilyn Hall Patel (born 1938) is an active judge presiding in the U The US Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit is a federal court with Appellate jurisdiction over the district courts in the following districts Daniel Julius Bernstein (sometimes known simply as djb; born October 29, 1971) is a Professor at the University of Illinois at Chicago , v. United States Department of State et al. |
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| Date decided | August 25, 1997 |
| Citations | 176 F. Events 1248 - The Dutch city of Ommen receives city rights and fortification rights from Otto III the Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar 3d 1132 |
| Judges sitting | Betty Binns Fletcher, Myron H. Betty Binns Fletcher (born 1923 is an American lawyer and Judge. Bright, Thomas G. Nelson |
| Case history | |
| Prior actions: | Hon. Marilyn Hall Patel ruled for plaintiff in 974 F. Judge Marilyn Hall Patel (born 1938) is an active judge presiding in the U Supp. 1288 |
| Case opinions | |
| Opinion by Fletcher Concurrence by Bright Dissent by Nelson |
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Bernstein v. United States is a set of court cases brought by Daniel J. Bernstein challenging restrictions on the export of encryption software outside the United States. Daniel Julius Bernstein (sometimes known simply as djb; born October 29, 1971) is a Professor at the University of Illinois at Chicago In Economics, an export is any good or Commodity, Transported from one country to another country in a Legitimate fashion The United States of America —commonly referred to as the
The case was first brought in 1995, when Bernstein was a student at University of California, Berkeley, and wanted to publish a paper and associated source code on his Snuffle encryption system. Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 The University of California Berkeley (also referred to as Cal, Berkeley and UC Berkeley) is a major research university located in Berkeley Snuffle is an encryption system designed by Daniel Bernstein and the subject of his court case Bernstein v Bernstein was represented by the Electronic Frontier Foundation, who hired outside lawyer Cindy Cohn. The Electronic Frontier Foundation ( EFF) is an international non-profit advocacy and legal organization based in the United States with the stated purpose of being dedicated Cindy Cohn is an American Attorney specializing in Internet law After four years and one regulatory change, the court case won a landmark decision from the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, that software source code was speech protected by the First Amendment and that the government's regulations preventing its publication were unconstitutional. The US Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit is a federal court with Appellate jurisdiction over the district courts in the following districts In Computer science, source code (commonly just source or code) is any sequence of statements or declarations written in some Human-readable [1]
The government modified the regulations again, substantially loosening them, and Bernstein, now a professor at the University of Illinois at Chicago, challenged them again. The University of Illinois at Chicago, or UIC, is a state-funded public research university located in Chicago. This time, he chose to represent himself, although he has no formal legal training. On October 15, 2003, almost nine years since Bernstein first brought the case, the judge dismissed it and asked Bernstein to come back when the government made a "concrete threat". Events 533 - Byzantine General Belisarius makes his formal entry into Carthage, having conquered it from the Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. [2]