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Bernicia was an Anglo-Saxon kingdom established by Anglian settlers of the 6th century in what is now the South-East of Scotland, and the North-East of England. For their language see Anglo-Saxon language. Anglo-Saxon is the term usually used to describe the invading Tribes in the south The Angles is a modern English word for a Germanic-speaking people who took their name from the cultural ancestral region of Angeln, a modern district located in The 6th century is the period from 501 to 600 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. North-East England is one of the nine official Regions of England and comprises the combined area of Northumberland, County Durham, Tyne and Wear England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland

The Anglian territory of Bernicia was approximately equivalent to the modern British counties of Northumberland, Durham, Berwickshire and East Lothian, stretching from the Forth to the Tees. Northumberland is a county in the North East of England. The non-metropolitan county of Northumberland borders Cumbria to the west Berwickshire or the County of Berwick is a Registration county, a Committee area of the Scottish Borders Council, and a lieutenancy East Lothian ( Lodainn an Ear in Gaelic) is one of 32 Unitary council areas in Scotland, and a lieutenancy Area. The Tees is a river in Northern England. It rises on the eastern slope of Cross Fell in the Pennines, and flows eastwards for about 85 miles In the early 7th century, it merged with its southern neighbour, Deira, to form the kingdom of Northumbria and its borders subsequently expanded considerably. The 7th century is the period from 601 to 700 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. Deira was a kingdom in Northern England during the 6th century AD

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British Bryneich

Bernicia is mentioned in Old Welsh poetry, in the writings of Nennius and elsewhere under the name of Bryneich or Brynaich. Old Welsh (Hen Gymraeg is the label attached to the Welsh language from the time it developed from the Brythonic language generally thought to be in the period Nennius, or Nemnivus, is either of two shadowy personages traditionally associated with the history of Wales. It is not quite clear whether this is simply supposed to represent a Welsh version of Bernicia, or was the name of a preceding Brythonic kingdom. The Brythonic languages (or Brittonic languages or British languages) form one of the two branches of the Insular Celtic language family the other being However, the name seems to derive from the Brythonic word Berniccā meaning ‘land of mountain passes’, so the latter hypothesis would appear to be correct.

Y Hen Gogledd or "The Old North". A map of the area before the Anglo-Saxon-Scottish conquest
Y Hen Gogledd or "The Old North". Yr Hen Ogledd is a Welsh term meaning 'The Old North' and referring to the sub-Roman Brythonic kingdoms of what is now Northern England A map of the area before the Anglo-Saxon-Scottish conquest

This Brythonic kingdom was formed from what had once been the southern lands of the Votadini, possibly as part of the division of a supposed ‘great northern realm’ of Coel Hen in c. The Votadini (the Wotādīnī, or Votādīnī) were a people of the Iron Age in Great Britain, and their territory was briefly part of the A legendary king of Celtic Britain, about all that can be said about Old King Cole with any certainty is that Old King Cole was a merry AD 420. Events By Place Europe Pharamond leads the Franks across the Rhine. This northern realm is referred to by Welsh scholars as Yr Hen Ogledd or, literally, "The Old North". Yr Hen Ogledd is a Welsh term meaning 'The Old North' and referring to the sub-Roman Brythonic kingdoms of what is now Northern England The kingdom may have been ruled from Bamburgh, which certainly features in Welsh sources as Din Guardi. Bamburgh is a large village on the coast of Northumberland, England. Near this high-status residence lay the island of Lindisfarne (formerly known, in Welsh, as Ynys Metcaut), which became the seat of the Bernician bishops. Lindisfarne () (variant spelling Lindesfarne is a Tidal island off the north-east coast of England. In many rites of the Roman Catholic Church and in Anglican churches, a diocese is an administrative territorial unit administered by a Bishop. It is unknown when the Angles finally conquered the whole region, but around 604 is likely. Events By Place Ancient Japan Prince Shotoku issues a Seventeen-article constitution.

Kings of Bryneich

There are several Old Welsh pedigrees of princely Men of the North which may represent the Kings of Bryneich. Old Welsh (Hen Gymraeg is the label attached to the Welsh language from the time it developed from the Brythonic language generally thought to be in the period The late John Morris surmised that the line of a certain Morcant Bulc referred to these monarchs, chiefly because he identified this man as the murderer of Urien Rheged who was, at the time, besieging Lindisfarne. Dr John Morris (1913 - June 1977 was an English historian who specialised in the study of the institutions of the Roman Empire and the history of Sub-Roman Britain Morcant Bulc was a Brythonic prince probably a king from Northern Britain, during the period between the end of the Roman Empire and the establishment Urien was a late 6th century king of Rheged, an early British kingdom in northern England and southern Scotland. Rheged IPA r̥ɛgɛd was a Brythonic kingdom of Sub-Roman Britain, whose inhabitants spoke Cumbric, a dialect of Brythonic closely related Lindisfarne () (variant spelling Lindesfarne is a Tidal island off the north-east coast of England.

Anglo-Saxon Bernicia

Some of the Angles of Bernicia may have been employed as mercenaries along Hadrian's Wall during the late Roman period. The Angles is a modern English word for a Germanic-speaking people who took their name from the cultural ancestral region of Angeln, a modern district located in A mercenary is a person who takes part in an armed conflict who is not a national or a party to the conflict and is "motivated to take part in the hostilities essentially by Hadrian's Wall ( Latin: perhaps Vallum Aelium, "the Aelian wall" is a stone and turf Fortification built by the Roman Roman Britain refers to those parts of the island of Great Britain controlled by the Roman Empire between AD 43 and 410 Others are thought to have migrated north (by sea) from Deira in the early 6th century. Deira was a kingdom in Northern England during the 6th century AD The 6th century is the period from 501 to 600 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. The first Anglian king of whom we have any record is Ida, who is said to have obtained the throne and the kingdom about 547. Ida or Ida the Flamebearer (died 559 was a ruler (probably the founder of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Bernicia between 547 and 559 Events By Place Europe Ida founds the kingdom of Bernicia at Bamburgh (traditional date His sons spent many years fighting a united force from the surrounding Brythonic kingdoms until their alliance collapsed into civil war.

A Forcibly United Northumbria

Ida’s grandson, Æthelfrith (Æðelfriþ), united Deira with his own kingdom by force around the year 604. Æthelfrith (died c 616 was King of Bernicia from c 593 until c Deira was a kingdom in Northern England during the 6th century AD Events By Place Ancient Japan Prince Shotoku issues a Seventeen-article constitution. He ruled the two kingdoms (united as Northumbria) until he was defeated and killed by Rædwald of East Anglia (who had given refuge to Edwin, son of Ælle, king of Deira) around the year 616. Rædwald, son of Tytila, was King of the East Angles from c 600 AD until his death in c 624 AD Saint Edwin (alternately Eadwine or Æduini) (c 586 &ndash 12 October 632/633 was the King of Deira and Bernicia - which would Ælla ( Ella, Ille) (died 588 is the first known king of Deira. Events By Place Europe Eadbald succeeds Ethelbert as king of Kent. Edwin then became king. The early part of Edwin's reign was possibly spent finishing off the remaining resistance coming from Bryneich exiles operating out of Gododdin. The Gododdin (goˈdoðin were a Brythonic people of north-eastern Britain (modern north-east England and south-east Scotland) in the sub-Roman After he had completed the pacification of the Brythonic population in Bernicia he was then drawn towards similar subjugation of Elmet (a Cumbric speaking territory which once existed in the modern-day West Riding of Yorkshire, near Leeds) which drew him into direct conflict with Wales proper. During the Early Middle Ages, between approximately the 5th century and early 7th century AD Elmet was an independent Celtic kingdom covering a broad area of Cumbric was the Brythonic Celtic language, often considered to be a Dialect of Welsh, spoken in Northern England and southern The West Riding of Yorkshire is one of the three historic subdivisions of Yorkshire, England. Leeds ( is located on the River Aire in West Yorkshire, England

Following the disastrous Battle of Hatfield Chase on October 12, 633, in which Edwin was defeated and killed by Cadwallon ap Cadfan of Gwynedd and Penda of Mercia, Northumbria again was divided into Bernicia and Deira. AC = "according to the Annales Cambriae " The Battle of Hatfield (O Events 539 BC - The army of Cyrus the Great of Persia takes Babylon. Events By Place Europe Oswald of Bernicia becomes Bretwalda. Osric becomes king of Deira. Cadwallon ap Cadfan (died 634 was the King of Gwynedd from around 625 until his death in battle Gwynedd (pr) is one of several Welsh Successor states that emerged in 5th-century post-Roman Britain. Penda (died November 15 655 was a 7th-century King of Mercia, a kingdom in what is today the English Midlands. Bernicia was then briefly ruled by Eanfrith, son of Aethelfrith, but after about a year he went to Cadwallon to sue for peace and was killed. Eanfrith (590-634 was briefly King of Bernicia from 633 to 634 Eanfrith married a Pictish princess and had a son Talorcan, who later became a king of the Eanfrith's brother Oswald then raised an army and finally defeated Cadwallon at the Battle of Heavenfield in 634. Oswald (c 604 &ndash August 5, 642) was King of Northumbria from 634 until his death and is now venerated as a Christian Saint. The Battle of Heavenfield was fought in 633 or 634 between a Northumbrian army under Oswald of Bernicia and a Welsh army under Events By Place Oswald of Northumbria defeats Cadwallon ap Cadfan of Gwynedd in the Battle of Heavenfield and After this victory, Oswald appears to have been recognised by both Bernicians and Deirans as king of a properly united Northumbria. The kings of Bernicia were thereafter supreme in that kingdom, although Deira had its own sub-kings at times during the reigns of Oswiu and his son Ecgfrith. Oswiu (c 612&ndash 15 February 670) also known as Oswy, was King of Bernicia. Ecgfrith (c 645– May 20, 685) was the King of Northumbria from 670 until his death

Kings of Bernicia

(see also List of monarchs of Northumbria)

Under Deiran rule 616 - 633)

Under Oswald son of Æthelfrith, Bernicia was united with Deira to form Northumbria from 634 onward. Northumbria, a kingdom of Angles in northern England, was initially divided into two kingdoms Bernicia and Deira. Ida or Ida the Flamebearer (died 559 was a ruler (probably the founder of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Bernicia between 547 and 559 Glappa of Bernicia ruled from 559 to 560 He was the second known king of Bernicia. Adda was the third known ruler of the Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Bernicia which he ruled from 560 to 568 Aethelric was the fourth known king of the Kingdom of Bernicia which he ruled from 568 to 572 Theodric ruled from 572 to 579 He was the fifth known ruler of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Bernicia. Frithuwald of Bernicia ruled from 579 to 585 He was the sixth known ruler of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Bernicia. Descendants of Jan Hus and his followers Influential in the early settlement of much of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and New York. Æthelfrith (died c 616 was King of Bernicia from c 593 until c Deira was a kingdom in Northern England during the 6th century AD Eanfrith (590-634 was briefly King of Bernicia from 633 to 634 Eanfrith married a Pictish princess and had a son Talorcan, who later became a king of the Deira was a kingdom in Northern England during the 6th century AD Events By Place Oswald of Northumbria defeats Cadwallon ap Cadfan of Gwynedd in the Battle of Heavenfield and

Further reading

On line maps.

David Ford Nash, "Early British Kingdoms" E. B. K. -

[1] [2] [3] [4]

References

[5] [6] [7]


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