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Bernardo Houssay
Bernardo Houssay
Bernardo Houssay
Born April 10, 1887
Died September 21, 1971
Nationality Argentine
Fields physiology
Known for glucose
Notable awards 1947 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine

Bernardo Alberto Houssay (April 10, 1887 – September 21, 1971) was an Argentine physiologist who received (with Carl and Gerty Cori) the 1947 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of the role played by pituitary hormones in regulating the amount of blood sugar (glucose) in animals. Events 879 - Louis III becomes King of the Western Franks. 1407 - the lama Year 1887 ( MDCCCLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1217 - The Estonian tribal leader Lembitu of Lehola was killed in a battle against Teutonic Knights. Year 1971 ( MCMLXXI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. Physiology (from Greek grc φύσις physis, "nature origin" and grc -λογία -logia) is the study of the mechanical physical Glucose (Glc a Monosaccharide (or simple Sugar) also known as grape sugar, is an important Carbohydrate in Biology. Year 1947 ( MCMXLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin is awarded once a year by the Swedish Karolinska Institute. Events 879 - Louis III becomes King of the Western Franks. 1407 - the lama Year 1887 ( MDCCCLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1217 - The Estonian tribal leader Lembitu of Lehola was killed in a battle against Teutonic Knights. Year 1971 ( MCMLXXI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. Physiology (from Greek grc φύσις physis, "nature origin" and grc -λογία -logia) is the study of the mechanical physical Carl Ferdinand Cori (December 5 1896 &ndash October 20 1984 was an Austrian-American biochemist and pharmacologist born in Prague (then in Dr Gerty Theresa Cori, née Radnitz, ( August 15, 1896 &ndash October 26, 1957) was an American biochemist Year 1947 ( MCMXLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin is awarded once a year by the Swedish Karolinska Institute. The pituitary gland, or hypophysis, is an Endocrine gland about the size of a Pea. Hormones (from Greek ὁρμή - "impetus" are chemicals released by cells that affect cells in other parts of the body Glucose (Glc a Monosaccharide (or simple Sugar) also known as grape sugar, is an important Carbohydrate in Biology. He was also the first Argentine and Latin American to be awarded with a Nobel Prize on some field of the Sciences.

Contents

Life

Bernardo Alberto Houssay was born on April 10, 1887, in Buenos Aires, to a French couple who had immigrated to Argentina, Dr. Events 879 - Louis III becomes King of the Western Franks. 1407 - the lama Year 1887 ( MDCCCLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Buenos Aires is the Capital and largest city of Argentina. It is geographically located on the southern shore of the Río de la Plata, on the southeastern This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Albert and Clara Houssay. A precocious youngster, he was admitted to the Pharmacy School at the University of Buenos Aires at 14 years of age and subsequently to the Medical School of the same University from 1904 to 1910, beginning when he was only 17 years old. The University of Buenos Aires (in Spanish Universidad de Buenos Aires - ( UBA) is the largest University in Argentina, founded on August Year 1904 ( MCMIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting on Year 1910 ( MCMX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting While a third year medical student, Houssay took up a post as a research and teaching assistant in the Chair of Physiology. Physiology (from Greek grc φύσις physis, "nature origin" and grc -λογία -logia) is the study of the mechanical physical After graduating, he quickly developed and presented his M.D. thesis on the physiological activities of pituitary extracts, published in 1911, a theme he would pursue for the rest of his scientific career. Doctor of Medicine ( MD or MD, from the Latin Medicinæ Doctor meaning "Teacher of Medicine" is a doctoral The pituitary gland, or hypophysis, is an Endocrine gland about the size of a Pea. Year 1911 ( MCMXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Since 1908 he was already an assistant lecturer in the same department, and immediately after his doctorate he took up the post of Professor of Physiology in the University's School of Veterinary Medicine. Veterinary medicine the application of medical, diagnostic, and therapeutic principles to companion, domestic, exotic, wildlife Simultaneously, he started a private practice and as assistant physician at the municipal hospital of Buenos Aires. A physician, medical practitioner or medical doctor who practices Medicine, and is concerned with maintaining or restoring human Health In 1913 he became Chief Physician at the Alvear Hospital, and, in 1915, Chief of the Section of Experimental Pathology at the National Public Health Laboratories in Buenos Aires. Year 1913 ( MCMXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1915 ( MCMXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Pathology (from Greek grc πάθος pathos, "fate harm" and grc -λογία -logia) is the study and

In 1919 Houssay was appointed to the chair of physiology at the University of Buenos Aires Medicine School, and, until 1943, he transformed and directed it into a highly respected research department in experimental physiology and medicine of international class. Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The University of Buenos Aires (in Spanish Universidad de Buenos Aires - ( UBA) is the largest University in Argentina, founded on August Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In that year, however, the military dictatorship deprived him of his university posts, due to his liberal political ideas and Houssay was forced to re-establish his research lines and staff at a privately funded Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Liberalism is a broad array of related ideas and theories of Government that consider individual Liberty to be the most important political goal The Experimental Medicine and Biology Institute ( Spanish: Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, IByME is a Research and development centre affiliated This situation, reinforced by a second dismissal by the Peronista government in 1945, was prolonged until 1955, when Peron was ousted from power and Houssay was reinstated in the University of Buenos Aires, where he remained till he died. Juan Domingo Perón (October 8 1895 &ndash July 1 1974 was an Argentine Colonel and Politician, elected three times as President of Argentina His retirement. After this he was also director of the National Scientific and Technical Research Council, from 1957 on.

Works

Houssay’s worked in many fields of physiology, such as the nervous, digestive, respiratory and circulatory systems, but his main contribution, which was recognized by the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine of 1947, was on the experimental investigation of the role of the anterior hypophysis gland in the metabolism of carbohydrates, particularly in diabetes mellitus. The Nobel Prize (Nobelpriset (Nobelprisen is a Swedish prize established in the 1895 will of Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel; it was first awarded in Peace, Literature Year 1947 ( MCMXLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Metabolism is the set of Chemical reactions that occur in living Organisms in order to maintain Life. Carbohydrates (from ' Hydrates of Carbon ' or saccharides ( Greek σάκχαρον meaning " Sugar " are the most Diabetes mellitus (ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz or /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtəs/ /məˈlaɪtəs/ or /ˈmɛlətəs/ often referred to simply as diabetes ( Ancient Greek: grc Houssay demonstrated in the 1930s the diabetogenic effect anterior hypophysis extracts and the decrease in diabetes severity with anterior hypophysectomy. The 1930s were described as an abrupt shift to more radical and conservative lifestyles as countries were struggling to find a solution to the Great Depression. These discoveries stimulated the study of hormonal feedback control mechanisms which are central to all aspects of modern endocrinology. Hormones (from Greek ὁρμή - "impetus" are chemicals released by cells that affect cells in other parts of the body Endocrinology (from Greek grc ἔνδον endon, "within" grc κρῑνω krīnō, "to separate" and grc -λογία

Houssay’s many disciples along his years of activity became also influential by themselves as they spread around the world; such as Eduardo Braun-Menéndez, and Miguel Rolando Covian (who went to become the "father" of Brazilian neurophysiology, as chairman of the Department of Physiology of the Medical Faculty of Ribeirão Preto of the University of São Paulo). Eduardo Braun-Menéndez ( January 16, 1903 – January 1959 was a noted Chilean-Argentine Physiologist. Miguel Rolando Covian (1913-1992 was an Argentine - Brazilian physiologist medical educator and writer Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto in Portuguese) is a Medical school of the University of São Paulo (USP Houssay wrote with them the most influential textbook of Human Physiology in Latin America, in Spanish and Portuguese (the latter was translated by Covian and collaborators), which, since 1950 has been published in successive editions and used in almost all medical schools of the continent. Portuguese ( or língua portuguesa) is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia (Spain and northern Portugal. Houssay published more than 600 scientific papers and several specialized books. Besides the Nobel, Houssay won many distinctions and awards from the Universities of Harvard, Cambridge, Oxford and Paris and 15 other universities, as well as the prestigious Dale Medal of the Society of Endocrinology (London) in 1960. The city of Cambridge (ˈkeɪmbrɪdʒ is a university town and the administrative centre of the county of Cambridgeshire, England Oxford is currently bidding for the 2010 Wikimania Conference Oxford () is a city, and the County town of Oxfordshire, Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city

Houssay was also very active as a scientific leader and promoter of the advancement of scientific research and medical education, in Argentina as well as in Latin America.

He died on September 21, 1971, in Buenos Aires and is buried in the La Chacarita Cemetery. Events 1217 - The Estonian tribal leader Lembitu of Lehola was killed in a battle against Teutonic Knights. Year 1971 ( MCMLXXI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. Cementerio de la Chacarita in Buenos Aires, Argentina, known as the National Cemetery was opened during a Yellow fever epidemic in 1871.

References

Selected bibliography

External links

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