Berlin U-Bahn
Locale	Berlin
Transit type	Rapid transit
Began operation	1902
System length	151. Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. A rapid transit, underground, subway, elevated railway or metro(politan system is an electric passenger railway 7 km (94. 3 mi)
Number of lines	9
Number of stations	170
Operator(s)	Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe (BVG)

The Berlin U-Bahn (Untergrundbahn, English: underground railway) is a major part of the public transport system of the German capital, Berlin. Nollendorfplatz is an Berlin U-Bahn station located on the, the, the, and the. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. Opened in 1902, the U-Bahn serves 170 stations spread across nine lines, with a total track length of 151. Year 1902 ( MCMII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting This is an alphabetical list of Berlin U-Bahn stations As of 2007 there are 170 active stations 7 kilometres (94. 3 mi),^[1] about 80% of which is underground. ^[2] Trains run every two to five minutes during peak hours, and every seven to twelve minutes for the rest of the day; they travel 132 million km (83 million mi), carrying 400 million passengers, over the year. ^[1] The entire system is maintained and operated by the Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe, commonly known as the BVG.

Designed to alleviate traffic flowing into and out of central Berlin, the U-Bahn rapidly expanded until the city was divided into East and West Berlin at the end of World War II. East Berlin was the name given to the eastern part of Berlin between 1949 and 1990 West Berlin was the name given to the western part of Berlin between 1949 and 1990 World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Although the system initially remained open to residents of both sides, the construction of the Berlin Wall and the subsequent restrictions imposed by the East German government limited travel across the border: The East Berlin U-Bahn lines were severed from West Berlin; while two West Berlin lines that ran through East Berlin were allowed to pass through without stopping, although the stations were closed, with the exception of Friedrichstraße, used as a transfer point and a border crossing into East Berlin. The Berlin Wall (Berliner Mauer was a physical barrier separating West Berlin from the German Democratic Republic (GDR ( East Germany) including The German Democratic Republic ( GDR; Deutsche Demokratische Republik DDR; commonly known in English as East Germany) was a Socialist state The Ministerrat der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik ("Council of Ministers of the GDR" was the chief executive body or Government, of the German East Berlin was the name given to the eastern part of Berlin between 1949 and 1990 West Berlin was the name given to the western part of Berlin between 1949 and 1990 (bɛɐˈliːn ˈfʀiːdʀɪçˌʃtʀaːsə is a Railway station in the German city Berlin. The system was reopened completely following the fall of the Berlin Wall, and German reunification. German reunification (Deutsche Wiedervereinigung took place twice after 1945 first in 1957 the Saarland was permitted to join the Federal Republic of Germany

As of 2007, the Berlin U-Bahn is the most extensive underground network in Germany. ^[1] True to its original goal, it has been calculated that, in 2006, use of the U-Bahn amounted to the equivalent of 122. 2 million km (76 million mi) of car journeys. ^[3] Now thoroughly modernised after years of neglect during the Cold War, it serves as the main transportation method of the capital. Cold War is the state of conflict tension and competition that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR and their respective allies from the

Contents 1 History 1.1 Initial construction: 1896–1913 1.2 Second construction phase: 1923–1930 1.3 National Socialism and the Second World War: 1933–1945 1.4 East and West: 1945–1989 1.5 Reunification: 1989 onwards 2 U-Bahn network 2.1 Routes 2.2 Stations 2.3 Tickets 2.4 Underground facilities 2.5 Unused stations and tunnels 2.6 Future development 3 Trains 3.1 Kleinprofil (small profile) 3.2 Großprofil (large profile) 3.3 Depots 4 Accidents 5 Films, music and merchandising 6 See also 7 Footnotes 8 References 9 External links

History

The construction of the Berlin U-Bahn occurred in three major phases:

1. Up to 1913 – the construction of the Kleinprofil (small profile) network in Berlin, Charlottenburg, Schöneberg, and Wilmersdorf;
2. Up to 1930 – the introduction of the Großprofil (large profile) network that established the first North-South lines;
3. From 1953 on – further development after the Second World War. Charlottenburg is a locality of Berlin within the borough of Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf, named after Queen Sophia Charlotte (1668-1705 Schöneberg is a locality of Berlin. Until Berlin's 2001 administrative reform it was a separate borough including the locality of Friedenau. Wilmersdorf is a Inner city locality of Berlin, formerly a borough by itself but since Berlin's 2001 administrative reform a part of the new borough World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including

Initial construction: 1896–1913

At the end of the 19th century, city planners in Berlin were looking for solutions to the increasing traffic problems facing the city. Schlesisches Tor is an Berlin U-Bahn station located on the. It is located in eastern Kreuzberg, near the Oberbaumbrücke, in the Bohème The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar Traffic on Roads may consist of Pedestrians ridden or herded Animals Vehicles Streetcars and other Conveyances either singly As potential solutions, industrialist and inventor Werner von Siemens suggested the construction of elevated railways, while AEG proposed an underground system. Ernst Werner von Siemens (known as Werner von Siemens) ( December 13, 1816 &ndash December 6, 1892) was a German Inventor Berlin city administrators feared an underground would damage the sewers, favouring an elevated railway following the path of the former city walls; however, the neighbouring city of Charlottenburg did not share Berlin's fears, and disliked the idea of an elevated railway running along Tauentzienstraße. Years of negotiations followed until, on 10 September 1896, work began on a mostly-elevated railway to run between Stralauer Thor and Zoologischer Garten, with a short spur to Potsdamer Platz. Events 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul meet in the Council of Agde. Year 1896 ( MDCCCXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Stralauer Tor was a Berlin U-Bahn station on the eastern bank of the River Spree between Warschauer Straße and Schlesisches Tor stations on Bahnhof Berlin Zoologischer Garten ( German for Berlin Zoological Garden railway station short form Berlin Zoo or colloquially Bahnhof Zoo) was the central Potsdamer Platz is a Railway station in Berlin. It is completely underground and situated underneath the Potsdamer Platz in central Berlin Known as the "Stammstrecke", the route was inaugurated on 15 February 1902, to immediate popularity. Events 590 - Khosrau II is crowned as king of Persia 1637 - Ferdinand III becomes Holy Roman Emperor Year 1902 ( MCMII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Before the year ended, the railway had been extended: by 17 August, east to Warschauer Brücke (Warschauer Straße); and, by 14 December, west to Knie (Ernst-Reuter-Platz). Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli Warschauer Straße is a S-Bahn and U-Bahn station located in the Friedrichshain locality of central Berlin, Germany. Events 1287 - St Lucia's flood: The Zuider Zee sea wall in the Netherlands collapses killing over 50000 people Ernst-Reuter-Platz is an Berlin U-Bahn station located on the in Charlottenburg, near the Technical University.

Charlottenburg extended the line further westwards: by 1906, it had reached the town hall at Wilhelmplatz (Richard-Wagner-Platz); by 1908, Reichskanzlerplatz (Theodor-Heuss-Platz); and, by 3 November 1912, Sportpark (Olympia-Stadion). Spittelmarkt is a Berlin U-Bahn station located on the. Richard-Wagner-Platz is an Berlin U-Bahn station located on the in the Charlottenburg district Theodor-Heuss-Platz is a Berlin U-Bahn station located on the. Events 644 - Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second Muslim Caliph, is killed by a Persian slave in Medina. Year 1912 ( MCMXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting Olympia-Stadion is a Berlin U-Bahn station located on the. It serves Berlin's Olympic Stadium, where football matches and other events are regularly held In Berlin's city centre, Potsdamer Platz was disconnected—to be replaced by Leipziger Platz (Potsdamer Platz)—to allow an extension to the spur. The line underneath Leipziger Straße to Spittelmarkt opened in 1908; it was extended to Alexanderplatz by July 1913, with the Wilhelmplatz–Alexanderplatz route swiftly become the most popular of the Berlin U-Bahn. Leipziger Straße is a street in central Berlin, capital of Germany. Spittelmarkt is a Berlin U-Bahn station located on the. Berlin Alexanderplatz is a Railway station in Berlin city centre and is one of the city's most important interchange points for local public transport Three-and-a-half weeks later, on 27 July 1913, the northern extension to Nordring (Schönhauser Allee) was also opened. Events 1214 - Battle of Bouvines: In France, Philip II of France defeats John of England. Year 1913 ( MCMXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Schönhauser Allee is a Railway station in the Prenzlauer Berg district of Berlin.

In a bid to secure its own improvement, Schöneberg also wanted a connection to Berlin. The elevated railway company did not believe such a line would be profitable, so the city took it upon itself to build the first local underground in Germany. Running as a subsurface railway from Hauptstraße, the 2. 9 km (1. 8 mi) line needed a second, underground station at its Nollendorfplatz terminus, since the established station there was part of the elevated railway. Nollendorfplatz is an Berlin U-Bahn station located on the, the, the, and the. The line took two years to construct; it was opened on 1 December 1910. Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican Year 1910 ( MCMX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting

Just a few months earlier, work began on a fourth line to link Wilmersdorf in the south-west to the growing Berlin U-Bahn. Originally planned as a line from Wittenbergplatz to Breitenbachplatz, Wilmersdorf paid for the line to reach as far as Thielplatz. Wittenbergplatz is an Berlin U-Bahn station located on the, the, and the. Breitenbachplatz is a Berlin U-Bahn station located in the Dahlem district on the. Thielplatz is a Berlin U-Bahn station located in the Dahlem district on the. As a concession to Charlottenburg for travelling through the city, the construction of a track from Wittenbergplatz, under the Kurfürstendamm, to Uhlandstraße was also agreed upon. The Kurfürstendamm, known locally as the Ku'damm, is one of the most famous avenues in Berlin, Germany. The underground station Uhlandstraße is the western terminus of U1 line which is part of the Berlin U-Bahn network in Germany. Both lines were opened on 12 October 1913; these were the last to open before the outbreak of the First World War—and the subsequent economic difficulties faced by Germany—that prevented any further additions to the Berlin U-Bahn for ten years. Events 539 BC - The army of Cyrus the Great of Persia takes Babylon. Year 1913 ( MCMXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All

Second construction phase: 1923–1930

The early network ran mostly east to west, connecting the richer areas in and around Berlin, as these routes had been deemed the most profitable. In order to open up the network to more of the workers of Berlin, the city wanted north-south lines to be established. Its wishes were strengthened when, in 1920, the surrounding areas were annexed in the formation of Groß-Berlin (Greater Berlin), removing the need for many negotiations, and giving the city much greater bargaining power over the private Hochbahngesellschaft (elevated railway company). The city also mandated that new lines would use wider carriages—running on the same, standard-gauge track—to provide greater passenger capacity; these became known as the Großprofil (large profile) network.

Construction of the Nord-Süd-Bahn (North-South line)—to connect Wedding in the north to Tempelhof and Neukölln in the south—had started in December 1912, but halted for the First World War. Wedding ( "der Wedding") is a locality in the borough of Mitte, Berlin, Germany and was a separate borough in the north-western Tempelhof is an area in Berlin within the borough of Tempelhof-Schöneberg. History When first mentioned in 1360 the village was called Richardsdorf and owned by the Order of St World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Work resumed in 1919, although the money shortage caused by hyperinflation slowed progress considerably. Certain figures in this article use Scientific notation for readability On 30 January 1923, the first section—between Hallesches Tor and Stettiner Bahnhof (Zinnowitzer Straße)—opened, with the continuation to Seestraße following two months later. Events 1648 - Eighty Years' War: The Treaty of Münster is signed ending the conflict between the Netherlands and Spain Year 1923 ( MCMXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The underground station Hallesches Tor in Germany is part of the Berlin U-Bahn network Zinnowitzer Straße is an Berlin U-Bahn station located on the. Seestraße is a station in the Wedding district of Berlin which serves the and is operated by the BVG. Desperately underfunded, the new line had to use trains from the old Kleinprofil network; the carriages were widened to reach the platforms with wooden boards that passengers jokingly referred to as Blumenbretter (flower boards). The line branched at Belle-Alliance-Straße (Mehringdamm): the continuation south to Tempelhof opened on 22 December 1929; the branch to Grenzallee (Berlin U-Bahn), 21 December 1930. Mehringdamm is an Berlin U-Bahn station located on the and the. Tempelhof is a Railway station in the district of Berlin with the same name Events 1790 - The Turkish fortress of Izmail is stormed and captured by Suvorov and his Russian armies Year 1929 ( MCMXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 69 - The end of the Year of the four emperors: Following Galba, Otho and Vitellius, Vespasian Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

In 1912, plans were approved for AEG to build its own north-south underground line. Named the GN-Bahn after its termini, it would connect Gesundbrunnen and Neukölln, via Alexanderplatz. Financial difficulties stopped the construction in 1919; the liquidation of AEG-Schnellbahn-AG, and Berlin's commitment to the Nord-Süd-Bahn, prevented any further development until 1926. The first section opened on 17 July 1927 between Boddinstraße and Schönleinstraße, with the intermediate Hermannplatz becoming the first station at which passengers could transfer between two different Großprofil lines. Events 180 - Twelve inhabitants of Scillium in North Africa are executed for being Christians Year 1927 ( MCMXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Boddinstraße is a Berlin U-Bahn station located on the. Schönleinstraße is a Berlin U-Bahn station located on the. Hermannplatz is a station in the Neukölln district of Berlin which serves as an interchange between the lines and. Sections to the north, which required the relocation of Kottbusser Tor, opened in stages. Kottbusser Tor is an Berlin U-Bahn station located on the and. The completed route—from Gesundbrunnen to Leinestraße—opened on 18 April 1930. Berlin-Gesundbrunnen is a Railway station in Berlin, Germany. Leinestraße is a Berlin U-Bahn station located on the. Events 1025 - Bolesław Chrobry is crowned in Gniezno, becoming the first King of Poland. Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Before control of the U-Bahn network was handed over completely to the BVG in 1929, the Hochbahngesellschaft started construction on a final line that, in contrast to its previous lines, was built as part of the Großprofil network. The E line would run under Frankfurter Allee—for which the company had received the concession in 1914—between Alexanderplatz and Friedrichsfelde. Berlin Alexanderplatz is a Railway station in Berlin city centre and is one of the city's most important interchange points for local public transport Friedrichsfelde is a Berlin U-Bahn station located on the. The construction work proceeded easily and without much expense, and established the first workshop in the east of the city; the line opened on 21 December 1930. Events 69 - The end of the Year of the four emperors: Following Galba, Otho and Vitellius, Vespasian Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The 1920s also saw a few other short extensions to U-Bahn lines, bringing the total track length to 76 km (47. 2 mi).

1931 Berlin U-Bahn routes
Kleinprofil network			Großprofil network
AI	Pankow (Vinetastraße) – Ruhleben		CI	Seestraße – Grenzallee
AII	Pankow (Vinetastraße) – Krumme Lanke		CII	Seestraße – Tempelhof
AIII	Städtische Oper – Wilhelmplatz		D	Gesundbrunnen – Leinestraße
BI	Warschauer Brücke – Hauptstraße		E	Alexanderplatz – Friedrichsfelde
BII	Warschauer Brücke – Uhlandstraße

National Socialism and the Second World War: 1933–1945

The seizure of power by the National Socialists brought many changes that affected Germany, including the U-Bahn. Vinetastraße is an Berlin U-Bahn station in the Pankow district located on the. Ruhleben is an Berlin U-Bahn station in Westend. It is the western terminus of the. Seestraße is a station in the Wedding district of Berlin which serves the and is operated by the BVG. Grenzallee is an Berlin U-Bahn station located on the U7. Vinetastraße is an Berlin U-Bahn station in the Pankow district located on the. Krumme Lanke is an Berlin U-Bahn station on the. It is the line's southwestern terminus located in the Zehlendorf district of Berlin Seestraße is a station in the Wedding district of Berlin which serves the and is operated by the BVG. Tempelhof is a Railway station in the district of Berlin with the same name Deutsche Oper is an Berlin U-Bahn station located on the. The station is featured in Rammstein 's 2004 music video for " Mein Teil " Richard-Wagner-Platz is an Berlin U-Bahn station located on the in the Charlottenburg district Berlin-Gesundbrunnen is a Railway station in Berlin, Germany. Leinestraße is a Berlin U-Bahn station located on the. Warschauer Straße is a S-Bahn and U-Bahn station located in the Friedrichshain locality of central Berlin, Germany. Innsbrucker Platz is a Railway station in the Schöneberg district of Berlin and located on the square of the same name Berlin Alexanderplatz is a Railway station in Berlin city centre and is one of the city's most important interchange points for local public transport Friedrichsfelde is a Berlin U-Bahn station located on the. Warschauer Straße is a S-Bahn and U-Bahn station located in the Friedrichshain locality of central Berlin, Germany. The underground station Uhlandstraße is the western terminus of U1 line which is part of the Berlin U-Bahn network in Germany. The Eastern Front of World War II (die Ostfront 1941-1945, der Rußlandfeldzug 1941-1945 (Russian campaign or der Ostfeldzug 1941-1945 (Eastern Campaign The, officially National Socialist German Workers' Party, ( abbreviated NSDAP) was a Political party in Germany between 1919 and 1945 Most remarkably, the national flag was hung in every station, and two of the stations were renamed: Reichskanzlerplatz became Adolf-Hitler-Platz on 24 April 1933; and Schönhauser Tor became Horst-Wessel-Platz on 1 May 1934. Theodor-Heuss-Platz is a Berlin U-Bahn station located on the. Hi and welcome to Wikipedia! Please understand that this article is frequently vandalized and vandalism is reverted immediately Events 1479 BC - Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to Year 1933 ( MCMXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Rosa-Luxemburg-Platz is an Berlin U-Bahn station located on the U2. Horst Ludwig Wessel ( October 9, 1907 &ndash February 23, 1930) was a German Nazi activist who was made a posthumous hero Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor. Year 1934 ( MCMXXXIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Extensive plans—mostly the work of architect Albert Speer—were drawn up that included the construction of a circular line crossing the established U-Bahn lines, and new lines or extensions to many outlying districts. Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer, commonly known as Albert Speer ( 19 March 1905 - 1 September 1981 was an Architect, author and for part of World Despite such grand plans, no U-Bahn development occurred.

During the Second World War, U-Bahn travel soared as car use fell, and many of the underground stations were used as air-raid shelters; however, Allied bombs damaged or destroyed large parts of the U-Bahn system. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including For the general article about fortified structures see Bunker. The Allies of World War II were the countries officially opposed to the Axis powers during the Second World War. Although the damage was usually repaired fairly quickly, the reconstructions became more difficult as the war went on. Eventually, on 25 April 1945, the whole system ground to a halt when the power station supplying the network failed. Events 1607 - Eighty Years' War: The Dutch fleet destroys the anchored Spanish fleet at Gibraltar. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar A week later, the network endured its worst disaster after the North-South S-Bahn tunnel was flooded. At Friedrichstraße, the water poured into the underground tunnels, flooding 63 km (39. (bɛɐˈliːn ˈfʀiːdʀɪçˌʃtʀaːsə is a Railway station in the German city Berlin. 1 mi) of the U-Bahn. Countless individuals hiding in the underground shelters were drowned as a result.

East and West: 1945–1989

The war had damaged or destroyed much of the network; however, 69. 5 km (43. 2 mi) of track and 93 stations were in use by the end of 1945, and the reconstruction was completed in 1950. Nevertheless, the consequent division of Berlin into East and West sectors brought further changes to the U-Bahn. East Berlin was the name given to the eastern part of Berlin between 1949 and 1990 West Berlin was the name given to the western part of Berlin between 1949 and 1990 Although the network spanned all sectors, and residents had freedom of movement, West Berliners increasingly avoided the Soviet sector and, from 1953, loudspeakers on the trains gave warnings when approaching the border. Passage of East Germans into the Western sectors also became subject to restrictions imposed by their government.

Between 1953 and 1955, the 200-Kilometre-Plan was drawn up, detailing the future development of the U-Bahn, which would ultimately grow to 200 km (124. 3 mi). Extending the C line to run from Tegel to Alt-Mariendorf was considered the highest priority: the northern extension to Tegel was opened on 31 May 1958. Alt-Tegel is a Berlin U-Bahn station located on the. Alt-Mariendorf is a Berlin U-Bahn station located on the line Events 1279 BC - Rameses II (The Great (19th dynasty becomes pharaoh of Ancient Egypt. Year 1958 ( MCMLVIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In order to circumvent East Berlin, and provide rapid-transport connections to the densely poulated areas in Steglitz, Wedding, and Reinickendorf, a third north–south line was needed. Steglitz is a locality of the Steglitz-Zehlendorf borough in the south-west of Berlin, the capital of Germany. Wedding ( "der Wedding") is a locality in the borough of Mitte, Berlin, Germany and was a separate borough in the north-western Localities Reinickendorf is split in ten localities population in brackets Reinickendorf (73847 Tegel (33873 Konradshöhe The first section of line G was built between Leopoldplatz and Spichernstraße, with the intention of extending it at both ends. Leopoldplatz is a station in the Wedding district of Berlin which serves as an interchange between the lines and. Spichernstraße is a Berlin U-Bahn station located on the and the in the Wilmersdorf district It had been planned to open the G line on 2 September 1961, but an earlier opening on 28 August was forced by the announcement of the construction of the Berlin Wall. Events 44 BC - Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion. Year 1961 ( MCMLXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 475 - The Roman General Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his Capital The Berlin Wall (Berliner Mauer was a physical barrier separating West Berlin from the German Democratic Republic (GDR ( East Germany) including

The physical division of the city cut the A line in half, and shortened the B line by one stop, since the Warschauer Brücke terminal lay in East Berlin, which retained only the eastern half of the A line, and line E. The Berlin S-Bahn is a Rapid transit system operated by S-Bahn Berlin GmbH, a subsidiary of the Deutsche Bahn. East Berlin was the name given to the eastern part of Berlin between 1949 and 1990 West Berlin paid an annual fee of DM20 million to permit trains on the C and D lines to run through eastern territory, although the trains were not allowed to stop on their way: the former stops became Geisterbahnhöfe (ghost stations), patrolled by armed East-German border guards. Ghost stations is the usual English translation for the German word Geisterbahnhöfe. The German Democratic Republic ( GDR; Deutsche Demokratische Republik DDR; commonly known in English as East Germany) was a Socialist state Only at Friedrichstraße, a designated border crossing point, were passengers allowed to disembark. (bɛɐˈliːn ˈfʀiːdʀɪçˌʃtʀaːsə is a Railway station in the German city Berlin. A further consequence of the Wall was that West Berliners, unwilling to help fund the Soviet-dominated state, boycotted the East-German-controlled S-Bahn, transferring instead to the U-Bahn. The Berlin S-Bahn is a Rapid transit system operated by S-Bahn Berlin GmbH, a subsidiary of the Deutsche Bahn.

In West Berlin, housing developments in Britz and Rudow demanded an extension to the CI line. Britz is part of the Berlin district of Neukölln. It is known for being the site of the transmission facility of RIAS, now Deutschlandradio. The Grenzallee to Britz-Süd connection opened on 28 September 1963. Grenzallee is an Berlin U-Bahn station located on the U7. Britz-Süd is a Berlin U-Bahn station located on the. Events 48 BC - Pompey the Great is assassinated on orders of King Ptolemy of Egypt after landing in Egypt. Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Guidelines for underground development stipulated that all lines should be linear, with no branches. Thus the extension in the opposite direction from Mehringdamm to Möckernbrücke established a new line: H. Mehringdamm is an Berlin U-Bahn station located on the and the. The underground station Möckernbrücke is part of the Berlin U-Bahn network "Line H" would never be used, however, as its opening on 28 February 1966 coincided with the redesignation of all lines in West Berlin. Events 202 BC - coronation ceremony of Liu Bang as Emperor Gaozu of Han takes place initiating four centuries of the Han Dynasty 's rule Year 1966 ( MCMLXVI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. The new line was named U7, and the Tempelhof to Alt-Mariendorf section—opened the same day—completed the newly-designated U6. Tempelhof is a Railway station in the district of Berlin with the same name Alt-Mariendorf is a Berlin U-Bahn station located on the line

1966 U-Bahn line redesignations
Kleinprofil network					Großprofil network
BI	→	U1	Schlesisches Tor – Ruhleben		CII	→	U6	Tegel – Alt-Mariendorf
AII	→	U2	Gleisdreieck – Krumme Lanke		CI	→	U7	Möckernbrücke – Britz-Süd
BIV	→	U3	Wittenbergplatz – Uhlandstraße		D	→	U8	Gesundbrunnen – Leinestraße
BIII	→	U4	Nollendorfplatz – Innsbrucker Platz		G	→	U9	Leopoldplatz – Spichernstraße
AIII	→	U5	Deutsche Oper – Richard-Wagner-Platz

Funds from the economically-successful West-German capital, Bonn, to West Berlin were plentiful, allowing major expansions to U-Bahn lines: the U9, from Rathaus Steglitz to Osloer Straße was opened on 30 April 1976; the U7 was further extended in six sections until it reached Rathaus Spandau on 1 October 1984; and the U8 was extended north from Gesundbrunnen, through the newly-built Osloer Straße, to Paracelsus-Bad, which opened on 27 April 1987. Schlesisches Tor is an Berlin U-Bahn station located on the. It is located in eastern Kreuzberg, near the Oberbaumbrücke, in the Bohème Ruhleben is an Berlin U-Bahn station in Westend. It is the western terminus of the. Alt-Tegel is a Berlin U-Bahn station located on the. Alt-Mariendorf is a Berlin U-Bahn station located on the line Gleisdreieck is a Berlin U-Bahn station located on the and the. Krumme Lanke is an Berlin U-Bahn station on the. It is the line's southwestern terminus located in the Zehlendorf district of Berlin The underground station Möckernbrücke is part of the Berlin U-Bahn network Britz-Süd is a Berlin U-Bahn station located on the. Wittenbergplatz is an Berlin U-Bahn station located on the, the, and the. The underground station Uhlandstraße is the western terminus of U1 line which is part of the Berlin U-Bahn network in Germany. Berlin-Gesundbrunnen is a Railway station in Berlin, Germany. Leinestraße is a Berlin U-Bahn station located on the. Nollendorfplatz is an Berlin U-Bahn station located on the, the, the, and the. Innsbrucker Platz is a Railway station in the Schöneberg district of Berlin and located on the square of the same name Leopoldplatz is a station in the Wedding district of Berlin which serves as an interchange between the lines and. Spichernstraße is a Berlin U-Bahn station located on the and the in the Wilmersdorf district Deutsche Oper is an Berlin U-Bahn station located on the. The station is featured in Rammstein 's 2004 music video for " Mein Teil " Richard-Wagner-Platz is an Berlin U-Bahn station located on the in the Charlottenburg district West Germany ( Inf German: Westdeutschland or West-Deutschland) was the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany ( Bonn is the 19th largest city in Germany. Located about 20 kilometres south of Cologne on the river Rhine in the Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia Berlin Rathaus Steglitz (in German Bahnhof Berlin Rathaus Steglitz) is a Railway station in the district of Steglitz in Berlin, Germany Osloer Straße is an Berlin U-Bahn station in the Gesundbrunnen (former Wedding) district located on the and. Events 313 - Roman emperor Licinius unifies the entire Eastern Roman Empire under his rule Year 1976 ( MCMLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Rathaus Spandau is one of the terminals of the Berlin U-Bahn line U7 (the other one being Rudow) Events 331 BC - Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela. Year 1984 ( MCMLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1984 Gregorian calendar) Berlin-Gesundbrunnen is a Railway station in Berlin, Germany. Paracelsus-Bad is a Berlin U-Bahn station located on the. Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated Year 1987 ( MCMLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar) In contrast, additions to the East Berlin lines were not so forthcoming. In the 1970s, the E line was extended east to Tierpark, opening on 25 June 1973. Tierpark is a Berlin U-Bahn station located on the. It is named for the Tierpark Berlin, one of the two zoological gardens in Berlin Events 524 - Battle of Vézeronce, the Franks defeat the Burgundians Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. East Berliners had to wait 15 years for another extension—first to Elsterwerdaer Platz, then on to Hönow by 1 July 1989, just a few months before the fall of the Berlin Wall. Elsterwerdaer Platz is an Berlin U-Bahn station located on the. Hönow is an Berlin U-Bahn station located on the. It borders the state of Brandenburg. "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar)

Reunification: 1989 onwards

On 9 November 1989, following months of unrest, the travel restrictions placed upon East Germans were lifted. U1 is a line on the Berlin U-Bahn, which is 88 km long and has 13 stations The Oberbaumbrücke is a double-deck bridge crossing Berlin 's River Spree, considered one of the city Landmarks It links Friedrichshain Events 694 - Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims sentencing all Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) Tens of thousands of East Berliners heard the statement live on television and flooded the border checkpoints, demanding entry into West Berlin. Jannowitzbrücke, a former ghost station, was reopened two days later as an additional crossing point. Jannowitzbrücke is a Railway station in the Mitte district of Berlin. Other stations on the U8 soon followed suit; by 1 July 1990, all border controls were removed. "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar)

The newly renamed East Berlin U-Bahn lines—A became U2, E became U5—took more time to reconnect. The U2 between Wittenbergplatz and Mohrenstraße required extensive work that included removing the M-Bahn, rebuilding stations, reopening a tunnel, and reclaiming Nollendorfplatz and Bülowstraße stations—which had been repurposed as a flea market, and a Turkish bazaar. Wittenbergplatz is an Berlin U-Bahn station located on the, the, and the. Mohrenstraße is a Berlin U-Bahn station located on the U2 line in the district Berlin-Mitte. The M-Bahn or Magnetbahn was an experimental local transport train built in the 1980s in Berlin. Nollendorfplatz is an Berlin U-Bahn station located on the, the, the, and the. Bülowstraße is an Berlin U-Bahn station located on the in the Schöneberg district The amalgamated line was finally reopened on 13 November 1993, leaving only one connection to reinstate: the U1/U15 line across the Oberbaumbrücke to Warschauer Straße. The Oberbaumbrücke is a double-deck bridge crossing Berlin 's River Spree, considered one of the city Landmarks It links Friedrichshain Warschauer Straße is a S-Bahn and U-Bahn station located in the Friedrichshain locality of central Berlin, Germany. Though it would take another two years, the connection was eventually re-established, after 34 years of separation, on 14 October 1995.

In the decade following reunification, only three short extensions were made to U-Bahn lines. On the U8, a northern extension from Paracelsus-Bad to Wittenau opened on 24 September 1994 and, in the south, the Leinestraße to Hermannstraße section opened on 13 July 1996. Berlin-Wittenau (in German S-Bahnhof Berlin-Wittenau) is a Railway station in the neighbourhood of Wittenau, in the city of Berlin, Germany Events 622 - Prophet Muhammad completes his hegira from Mecca to Medina. Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) Hermannstraße is a Railway station in the Neukölln district of Berlin. Events 1174 - William I of Scotland, a key rebel in the Revolt of 1173-1174, is captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) The U2 was also extended: the Vinetastraße to Pankow connection opened on 16 September 2000. Pankow is a station at the railway line from Berlin to Szczecin, situated in Berlin's Pankow district Events 1400 - Owain Glyndŵr is declared Prince of Wales by his followers 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar.

In the 1990's some stations in the eastern portion of the city still sported bullet-riddled tiles at their entrances, a result of the fighting from WWII.

See also: Future development

U-Bahn network

Routes

See also: S-Bahn line numbering

The U-Bahn consists of nine lines:

Line	Route	Opened	Length	Stations
U1	Uhlandstraße – Warschauer Straße	1902–1926	8. The Berlin S-Bahn is a Rapid transit system operated by S-Bahn Berlin GmbH, a subsidiary of the Deutsche Bahn. U1 is a line on the Berlin U-Bahn, which is 88 km long and has 13 stations The underground station Uhlandstraße is the western terminus of U1 line which is part of the Berlin U-Bahn network in Germany. Warschauer Straße is a S-Bahn and U-Bahn station located in the Friedrichshain locality of central Berlin, Germany. 814 km (5. 477 mi)	13
U2	Pankow – Ruhleben	1902–2000	20. Pankow is a station at the railway line from Berlin to Szczecin, situated in Berlin's Pankow district Ruhleben is an Berlin U-Bahn station in Westend. It is the western terminus of the. 716 km (12. 872 mi)	29
U3	Nollendorfplatz – Krumme Lanke	1913–1929	11. Nollendorfplatz is an Berlin U-Bahn station located on the, the, the, and the. Krumme Lanke is an Berlin U-Bahn station on the. It is the line's southwestern terminus located in the Zehlendorf district of Berlin 940 km (7. 419 mi)	15
U4	Nollendorfplatz – Innsbrucker Platz	1910	2. History In 1903 the then-independent town of Schöneberg, south-west of Berlin, planned to develop an underground railway line to improve public transportation Nollendorfplatz is an Berlin U-Bahn station located on the, the, the, and the. Innsbrucker Platz is a Railway station in the Schöneberg district of Berlin and located on the square of the same name 864 km (1. 780 mi)	5
U5	Alexanderplatz – Hönow	1930–1989	18. History December 21, 1930: Alexanderplatz - Friedrichsfelde June 6, 1973: Friedrichsfelde - Tierpark Berlin Alexanderplatz is a Railway station in Berlin city centre and is one of the city's most important interchange points for local public transport Hönow is an Berlin U-Bahn station located on the. It borders the state of Brandenburg. 356 km (11. 406 mi)	20
U6	Alt-Tegel – Alt-Mariendorf	1923–1966	19. Route Beginning in central Tegel U6 runs south to Borsigwerke station beside the Berliner Straße Alt-Tegel is a Berlin U-Bahn station located on the. Alt-Mariendorf is a Berlin U-Bahn station located on the line 888 km (12. 358 mi)	29
U7	Rathaus Spandau – Rudow	1924–1984	31. Route Starting in Rudow at the junction of Gross-Ziethener Chaussee and Neuköllner Straße the U7 runs northwest below the road Alt-Rudow before bearing west under Gropiusstadt Rathaus Spandau is one of the terminals of the Berlin U-Bahn line U7 (the other one being Rudow) Rudow is a Berlin U-Bahn station located on the. 760 km (19. 735 mi)	40
U8	Wittenau – Hermannstraße	1927–1996	18. Berlin-Wittenau (in German S-Bahnhof Berlin-Wittenau) is a Railway station in the neighbourhood of Wittenau, in the city of Berlin, Germany Hermannstraße is a Railway station in the Neukölln district of Berlin. 042 km (11. 211 mi)	24
U9	Rathaus Steglitz – Osloer Straße	1961–1976	12. Berlin Rathaus Steglitz (in German Bahnhof Berlin Rathaus Steglitz) is a Railway station in the district of Steglitz in Berlin, Germany Osloer Straße is an Berlin U-Bahn station in the Gesundbrunnen (former Wedding) district located on the and. 523 km (7. 781 mi)	18

The pre-war U-Bahn line designations consisted of letters, with added Roman numerals in case of line branchings. This system continued to be used into the 1960s on both sides.

After the erection of the wall, East Berlin was left with line E and the eastern half of line A. This oddity and the fact that the two line network was simple to navigate anyway, caused line designations to be gradually abandoned there over the years.

West Berlin abandoned the letter based system in 1966 and replaced it by line numbers 1 through 9, the system still in place today. Year 1966 ( MCMLXVI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. The shortest line in this system was line 5 which consisted of two stops only (Deutsche Oper - Richard-Wagner-Platz). It was closed in 1970, to be replaced by an extension of line 7 which opened a few years later. Year 1970 ( MCMLXX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. This move freed line number 5. West Berlin BVG then decided to reserve this line number for East Berlin's line E in case of reunification - the only line that ran exclusively in East Berlin territory and was therefore not yet covered in the new West Berlin system.

In 1984, BVG became the operator of the West Berlin S-Bahn which until then had been operated by East Germany's Deutsche Reichsbahn. Year 1984 ( MCMLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1984 Gregorian calendar) The Berlin S-Bahn is a Rapid transit system operated by S-Bahn Berlin GmbH, a subsidiary of the Deutsche Bahn. Deutsche Reichsbahn or DR (German Reich Railways was the national Railway of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany It incorporated the S-Bahn into its line numbering system by using the method of West German transport systems of giving new line numbers prefixed by "S" to the S-Bahn, and adding the prefix "U" to the existing U-Bahn lines. So "line 1" became "U1" etc.

After Berlin's reunification in 1990, East Berlin's line E was renumbered U5, as had been planned. Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) At the same time, the eastern half of line A became U2 like its western counterpart, even though at the time they were not yet connected. When U2 was actually rejoined in 1993, the western branches of U1 and U2 were swapped, and the U3 disappeared from the map. What had been U3 -- a short shuttle line between Uhlandstraße and Wittenbergplatz -- became part of the new U15, a line that in theory continued past Wittenbergplatz in parallel with U1, to Schlesisches Tor (and, when it was reopened in 1995, Warschauer Straße); in practice, particularly in off-peak hours, U15 was often operated as a shuttle identical to the old U3. In 2004, the full length of U15 was redesignated U1, and a new U3 was created from what had been the U1 west of Nollendorfplatz to Krumme Lanke. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " (This was the same route as the U2 until 1993, extended one station further east to Nollendorfplatz to enable trains to be reversed and to allow one-stop transfer to the U4).

Stations

For a more comprehensive list, see List of Berlin U-Bahn stations

Among Berlin's 170 U-Bahn stations there are many with especially striking architecture or unusual design characteristics:

Hermannplatz station resembles something of a U-Bahn cathedral. This is an alphabetical list of Berlin U-Bahn stations As of 2007 there are 170 active stations Hermannplatz is a station in the Neukölln district of Berlin which serves as an interchange between the lines and. Route Starting in Rudow at the junction of Gross-Ziethener Chaussee and Neuköllner Straße the U7 runs northwest below the road Alt-Rudow before bearing west under Gropiusstadt Hermannplatz is a station in the Neukölln district of Berlin which serves as an interchange between the lines and. The platform area is 7 metres high, 132 metres long and 22 metres wide. It was built in connection with the construction of the first North-South Line (Nord-Süd-Bahn), now the U6. The architecturally important department store Karstadt adjacent to the station, was being constructed at the same time. Arcandor AG ( KarstadtQuelle AG until June 30 2007 ( is a Holding company located in Essen, Germany that operates and oversees a number of Karstadt contributed a large sum of money towards the decoration of the station and was in return rewarded with direct access from the station to the store. Hermannplatz was also the first U-Bahn station in Berlin to be equipped with escalators. An escalator is a Conveyor transport device for transporting people consisting of individual linked steps that move up or down on tracks which keep the treads Today, Hermannplatz is a busy interchange between the U7 and U8.

Alexanderplatz station is another of the more notable U-Bahn stations in Berlin, as well as being an important interchange between three lines (U2, U5 and U8). Berlin Alexanderplatz is a Railway station in Berlin city centre and is one of the city's most important interchange points for local public transport "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Berlin Alexanderplatz is a Railway station in Berlin city centre and is one of the city's most important interchange points for local public transport The first part of the station was opened in 1913 along with an extension of today's U2 line. Year 1913 ( MCMXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common In the 1920s Alexanderplatz itself was completely redesigned, both above and below ground. The 1920s is sometimes referred to as the " Jazz Age " or the " Roaring Twenties " when speaking about the United States and Canada is a large open square and public transport hub in the Berlin district of Mitte in the city centre near the river Spree and the Berliner Dom The U-Bahn station was expanded to provide access to the new D (today's U8) and E (today's U5) lines, then under construction. The result was a station with a restrained blue-grey tiled colour-scheme and Berlin's first underground shopping facilities, designed by Alfred Grenander. Alfred Grenander Architect (1863 in Skövde, Sweden – 14 March 1931 in Berlin), was one of the most prominent architects Over the last few years Alexanderplatz station has, in stages, been restored to its former glory; the work is due to finish in 2007.

Wittenbergplatz station is also very interesting. Wittenbergplatz is an Berlin U-Bahn station located on the, the, and the. Wittenbergplatz is an Berlin U-Bahn station located on the, the, and the. It opened in 1902 as a simple station with two side platforms, designed to plans created by Paul Wittig. Year 1902 ( MCMII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting The station was completely redesigned by Alfred Grenander in 1912, with five platform faces, accommodating two new lines, one to Dahlem on today's (U3), and the other to Kurfürstendamm, today's Uhlandstraße (Berlin U-Bahn) on the (U1). Alfred Grenander Architect (1863 in Skövde, Sweden – 14 March 1931 in Berlin), was one of the most prominent architects Year 1912 ( MCMXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting The underground station Uhlandstraße is the western terminus of U1 line which is part of the Berlin U-Bahn network in Germany. A provision for a sixth platform was included but has never been completed. The redesign also featured a new entrance building, which blended into the grand architectural styles of Wittenbergplatz and the nearby KaDeWe department store. The Kaufhaus des Westens (English "Department Store of the West" commonly abbreviated KaDeWe) is a Department store in Berlin. The interior of the entrance building was again rebuilt after considerable war damage during World War II, this time in a contemporary 1950s' style. This lasted until the early 1980s when the interior was retro-renovated back into its original style. Wittenbergplatz station was presented with a London style "Roundel type" station sign in 1952, the 50th Anniversary of the Berlin U-Bahn. Today's station is an interchange station between the U1, U2 and U3 lines.

The name of the Gleisdreieck (rail triangle) station is still reminiscent of a construction which can only be imagined today. Gleisdreieck is a Berlin U-Bahn station located on the and the. Gleisdreieck is a Berlin U-Bahn station located on the and the. The wye itself was built in the opening year 1902. Year 1902 ( MCMII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Plans for a redesign were made soon after, because the wye was already obsolete. An accident on September 26, 1908 which claimed 18 to 21 lives was the final straw. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar dedicates a Year 1908 ( MCMVIII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year The redesign and expansion of the Turmbahnhof, during which the station was still used, took until 1912. Year 1912 ( MCMXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting After World War II the station was put back into service on October 21 (lower platform), and November 18 (upper platform), 1945. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Events 1512 - Martin Luther joins the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg. Events 326 - The old St Peter's Basilica is consecrated 1302 - Pope Boniface VIII issues the Papal bull Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar However, service was interrupted again by the construction of the Berlin Wall. From 1972 onwards no trains were running on the lower platform, because servicing the U2 was no longer profitable due to the parallel traffic on the U1. Year 1972 ( MCMLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The lower platform was reactivated in 1983, when the test line of the M-Bahn was built from the Gleisdreieck to the Kemperplatz station. Year 1983 ( MCMLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar) The M-Bahn or Magnetbahn was an experimental local transport train built in the 1980s in Berlin. It was broken down again after the fall of the Berlin Wall, since it obstructed parts of the reopened U2. Since 1993 the U1 and U2 trains both service the station once more. Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar)

Tickets

Fares Overview, from BVG.de. Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. Brandenburg ( Lower Sorbian: Bramborska; Upper Sorbian: Braniborska) is one of the sixteen states of Germany. Current Prices and Descriptions of all ride-pass fare types.

As of July 2007, Berlin public transit passes are available from many places, automated and non-automated, BVG, Bahn, and third-party authorized. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The Ring-Bahn Line and the other S-Bahn lines are included, as are buses, Metro-Tram and Ferries: the single ride-pass is inclusive for all transportation considered part of the Berlin-Regional public transit system. The Berlin S-Bahn is a Rapid transit system operated by S-Bahn Berlin GmbH, a subsidiary of the Deutsche Bahn.

Ride-passes (tickets) are available in fare classes: Adult and Reduced. Children between the ages of six and 14, and large dogs, qualify for the reduced fare. Children below the age of six, and small dogs, travel free. There are no 'Senior Discounts'. Residents who have applied for and received a German Disability Identification card, showing 80% or more disability (ID's available from the Versorgungsamt, German Disability Office [1]), can ride without a pass, including an additional person (as a helper). The disability identification card must be in the owner's possession.

Residents: With unemployment in the east averaging 15%, another common fare class in Berlin is the S(ozial)-Class. These identification cards are cleared through the normal government offices, then fulfilled at a BVG ride-pass non-automated location. Provided either the Job Center (Arbeitsamt) for the resident who is out-of-work, or for people who cannot work/partially disabled, by the Sozialamt, the S-Class ride-passes normally restrict travel to the AB zones, and must be renewed (a new pass purchased at a non-automated location) on the 1st of the month.

Additional passes are available for those which want to bring their bicycle on the public transit. As of this writing, 4. 70€ is the price of a bicycle day-pass, this is additional to the normal ride-pass. A bicycle-pass is included in the Student-class ride-pass, which is provided through the Universities.

For small dogs, ones which can be carried in hand, there is no additional fare requirement. For each large dog, a Reduced fare ride-pass must be purchased. Tourist Ride-passes, All-day, group passes, and season passes include a dog-fare.

BVG ride-passes are issued for specific periods of time, and most require validation with a stamping machine before they are valid for use. The validation shows the date and time of the first use, and from where the ticket was validated (in code), and therefore when the ticket expires. For example, once validated, an All-Day Pass allows unlimited use, but then expires at 3AM the following day. Unlike most other metro systems, tickets in Berlin are not checked before entering Tram-Metros, U-Bahn or S-Bahn stations. They are checked by the bus drivers upon entering. On the Metro, S-Bahn and U-Bahn, there are random spot checks inside by plainclothes traffic officers who have the right to demand to see each passengers ticket. Passengers found without a ticket or an expired/invalid ticket are fined: 40 Euros per incident. The passenger may be required to pay on the spot, and is required on the spot to give a valid address to mail the relevant fine notice to (it does not have to be in Germany). On the third incident, the BVG calls the offender to Court, as there is now a history of 'riding without paying'.

Fare zones

Berlin is a part of the Verkehrsverbund Berlin-Brandenburg (Berlin-Brandenburg Transit Authority, VBB), which means ticketing and fare systems are unified with that of the surrounding Brandenburg. The Verkehrsverbund Berlin-Brandenburg ( VBB) is a Transport association run by Public transport providers in the German states of Berlin Brandenburg ( Lower Sorbian: Bramborska; Upper Sorbian: Braniborska) is one of the sixteen states of Germany. Berlin is divided into three fare zones, known as A, B, and C. Zone A is the area in the centre of Berlin and is demarcated by the S-Bahn urban rail ring line. Zone B covers the rest of the area within the city borders, and Zone C is the surrounding Berlin. Zone C is divided into eight parts, each belonging to an administrative district. The Potsdam-Mittelmark area is included in the city district of Potsdam. Also see Potsdam New York (in the USA For the Potsdam Conference see Potsdam Conference.

Tickets can be bought for specific fare zones, or multiple zones. Most passengers who live in Berlin buy AB farezone tickets, while commuters coming in from the suburbs need ABC farezone tickets. If a ticket not valid for travel in a tariff zone is checked by a ticket inspector, the passenger is subject to a fine.

Short-term tickets

Single-journey tickets (Einzeltickets) are issued for use within specific fare zones, namely AB, BC, and ABC. They are only valid for two hours after validation, and cannot be extended. The BVG also offers single-day tickets (Tageskarte), which are valid for the entire day when first validated until 3 a. m. the next morning.

Long-term tickets

Long-term paper tickets are issued with validity periods of seven days (7-Tage-Karte) or one month (Monatskarten). The BVG is in the process of introducing the plastic MetroCard as a yearly ticket that also has additional features. Plastic is the general common term for a wide range of synthetic or semisynthetic organic solid materials suitable for the manufacture of industrial products The Metrocard also permits passengers to make reservations for hire cars at specific times, for example on weekends. It is expected that plastic Metrocards without such features will be made available they are more durable and ecofriendly than the paper tickets.

Tourist passes

The BVG offers tickets directed specifically for non-resident tourists of Berlin called the WelcomeCard and CityTourCard [2]. WelcomeCards are valid for either 48 or 72 hours, and can be used by one adult and up to three children between the ages of six and 14. WelcomeCards are valid in farezones ABC, and have the additional benefit of a reduction on entry fees to many museums and tourist attractions. See the Current Prices and Descriptions link for more information.

Underground facilities

A full GSM (GSM-900 and GSM-1800) mobile phone network for Germany's four carriers is in place throughout the U-Bahn system of stations and tunnels. GSM ( Global System for Mobile communications: originally from Groupe Spécial Mobile) is the most popular standard for Mobile phones in the GSM frequency bands or frequency ranges are the radio spectrum frequencies designated by the ITU for the operation GSM frequency bands or frequency ranges are the radio spectrum frequencies designated by the ITU for the operation This system was in place by 1995 for the E-Plus network, and was one of the first metro systems to allow mobile telephone use; by the late 1990s the other networks could be used as well. E-Plus is a mobile telecommunications operator in Germany. With 15

Many of the cars on the U-Bahn feature small flat screen displays that feature news headlines from BZ, weekly weather forecasts, and ads for local businesses. A display device is an Output device for presentation of Information for Visual or Tactile reception acquired stored or transmitted

Most major interchange stations have large shopping concourses with banks, supermarkets, and fast food outlets.

Unused stations and tunnels

There are several stations, platforms and tunnels that were built in preparation for future U-Bahn extensions, as well as those that have been abandoned following planning changes. For example, platforms have already been provided for the planned "U3" at Potsdamer Platz on the planned line to Weißensee. Potsdamer Platz is a Railway station in Berlin. It is completely underground and situated underneath the Potsdamer Platz in central Berlin It is unlikely that this line, which had the working title "U3" will ever be built, so the platforms have been partially converted into a location for events and exhibitions. The Line number "U3" has been subsequently used to re-number the branch to Krumme Lanke, which was previously part of "U1".

Line D, today's U8, was originally intended to run directly under Dresdner Straße via Oranienplatz to Kottbusser Tor. Kottbusser Tor is an Berlin U-Bahn station located on the and. This segment of tunnel was abandoned in favour of a slightly less direct route in order to provide the former Wertheim department store at Moritzplatz with a direct connection. Wertheim department stores is one of the largest retail chains in Germany. A department store is a Retail establishment which specializes in selling a wide range of products without a single predominant merchandise line. Moritzplatz is an Berlin U-Bahn station located on the. This involved the construction of a 90 degree curve of the line between Moritzplatz and Kottbusser Tor stations. Kottbusser Tor is an Berlin U-Bahn station located on the and. The construction of the tunnel under Dresdner Straße had only been partially completed before abandonment, leaving it with only one track. This tunnel is currently separated into three parts, as it was blocked by a concrete wall where it crossed the border between East and West Berlin. Another concrete wall separates this tunnel, which now houses a transformer for an electricity supplier, from the never-completed Oranienplatz Station which is located partially under the square of the same name. A transformer is a device that transfers Electrical energy from one circuit to another through inductively coupled Electrical conductors

Stralauer Tor was a station on the eastern bank of the Spree between Warschauer Straße and Schlesisches Tor stations. Stralauer Tor was a Berlin U-Bahn station on the eastern bank of the River Spree between Warschauer Straße and Schlesisches Tor stations on The Spree (ʃpʁeː Sprowja Sprjewja Spréva is a River in Saxony, Brandenburg and Berlin, Germany and in Ústecký Warschauer Straße is a S-Bahn and U-Bahn station located in the Friedrichshain locality of central Berlin, Germany. Schlesisches Tor is an Berlin U-Bahn station located on the. It is located in eastern Kreuzberg, near the Oberbaumbrücke, in the Bohème It was completely destroyed in World War II. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including It had been opened in 1902 and was renamed Osthafen in 1924. Year 1902 ( MCMII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Today, only struts on the viaduct remain to indicate its location. In the post second World War period it was not thought necessary to rebuild the station, due its close proximity to Warschauer Straße station. Also its location was directly on the border between the Soviet and American sectors. Although a Berlin map dated 1946 does show the station renamed as Bersarinstraße after the Soviet General responsible for restoring civil administration of the city, this name was used later at another location.

Nürnberger Platz station was closed on July 1, 1959. "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. The year 1959 ( MCMLIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. It was replaced by two new stations on either side, Augsburger Straße and an interchange station to the U9 at Spichernstraße. Today, nothing remains of the station as a third track siding was constructed in its place.

Another tunnel, which once connected the U4 to its original depot and workshop at Otzenstraße (Schöneberg), is still in existence. Schöneberg is a locality of Berlin. Until Berlin's 2001 administrative reform it was a separate borough including the locality of Friedenau. The connection from Innsbrucker Platz station to the depot was severed when a deep level motorway underpass was constructed in the early 1970s; however, the continuation of the tunnel at Eisackstraße is still in existence for a distance of 270 metres and now ends at the former junction to the workshop of the Schöneberg line.

Platforms at five stations, Rathaus Steglitz, Schloßstraße, Walther-Schreiber-Platz, Innsbrucker Platz, and Kleistpark, were provided for the planned but never constructed U10. Innsbrucker Platz is a Railway station in the Schöneberg district of Berlin and located on the square of the same name Berlin Rathaus Steglitz (in German Bahnhof Berlin Rathaus Steglitz) is a Railway station in the district of Steglitz in Berlin, Germany Schloßstraße is a Berlin U-Bahn station located on the. With its visible concrete walls partially covered by dark blue orange and yellow plastic panels Walther-Schreiber-Platz is a Berlin U-Bahn station located on the. Innsbrucker Platz is a Railway station in the Schöneberg district of Berlin and located on the square of the same name Kleistpark is a Berlin U-Bahn station located on the. The U10 platform at Kleistpark has been converted into office space for the BVG. At Schloßstraße, U9 and U10 were planned to share two directional platforms at different levels; currently the would-be U10 tracks are abandoned, leaving both platforms used by U9 trains only. The other U10 platforms remain unused and are not generally open to the public.

During the construction of Adenauerplatz (U7) station, which was built in conjunction with an underpass, platforms were also provided for a planned U1 extension from Uhlandstraße to Theodor-Heuss-Platz. The underground station Uhlandstraße is the western terminus of U1 line which is part of the Berlin U-Bahn network in Germany. Theodor-Heuss-Platz is a Berlin U-Bahn station located on the. A short tunnel section was also constructed in front of the Internationale Congress Centrum (ICC), beneath the Messedamm/Neue Kantstraße junction. This tunnel was built concurrently with a pedestrian subway and was also intended for the planned extension of the U1. The tunnel section, approximately 60 metres long, ends at the location of the planned Messe station adjacent to Berlins central bus station (ZOB). Currently, the tunnel is used as a storage area for theater props.

At Jungfernheide station, double U-Bahn platforms similar to those at Schloßstraße were built for the planned extension of the U5. The unused platform sides are fenced off. The finished (U5) tunnel section which leads off towards Tegel airport is now used for firefighting exercises. Tegel is a locality in the Berlin borough of Reinickendorf at the shore of the Lake Tegel.

Future development

Berlin's chronic financial problems and stagnating population make any expansion not mandated by the Hauptstadtvertrag—the document that regulates the necessary changes to the city as the capital of Germany—unlikely. Furthermore, there is still great rivalry for construction money between the U-Bahn and the S-Bahn. After the construction boom that followed the reunification of the city, enthusiasm for further growth has cooled off; many people feel that Berlin's needs are adequately met by the present U- and S-Bahn. As of 2007, the only proposals receiving serious consideration aim to facilitate travel around the existing system, such as moving Warschauer Straße's U-Bahn station closer to its S-Bahn station. Warschauer Straße is a S-Bahn and U-Bahn station located in the Friedrichshain locality of central Berlin, Germany.

There are several long-term plans for the U-Bahn that have no estimated time of completion, most of which involve closing short gaps between stations, enabling them to connect to other lines. The segment between Uhlandstraße and Wittenbergplatz might be built further along the Kurfürstendamm to connect to the U7 at Adenauerplatz; more ambitious plans call for this segment to be separated and expanded into its own line, running from Theodor-Heuss-Platz on the U2, through Potsdamer Platz and Alexanderplatz, before connecting with the S-Bahn at Greifswalder Straße, and ending at Weißensee. The underground station Uhlandstraße is the western terminus of U1 line which is part of the Berlin U-Bahn network in Germany. Wittenbergplatz is an Berlin U-Bahn station located on the, the, and the. The Kurfürstendamm, known locally as the Ku'damm, is one of the most famous avenues in Berlin, Germany. Route Starting in Rudow at the junction of Gross-Ziethener Chaussee and Neuköllner Straße the U7 runs northwest below the road Alt-Rudow before bearing west under Gropiusstadt Adenauerplatz is an Berlin U-Bahn station on the line Theodor-Heuss-Platz is a Berlin U-Bahn station located on the. Potsdamer Platz is a Railway station in Berlin. It is completely underground and situated underneath the Potsdamer Platz in central Berlin Berlin Alexanderplatz is a Railway station in Berlin city centre and is one of the city's most important interchange points for local public transport This article has been partially translated from the German Wikipedia article This new line was tentatively designated the U3 until December 2004.

In summary, the plans for the Berlin U-Bahn are:

U1

The U1 will be extended from its eastern terminus of Warschauer Straße to Frankfurter Tor on the U5. U1 is a line on the Berlin U-Bahn, which is 88 km long and has 13 stations U1 is a line on the Berlin U-Bahn, which is 88 km long and has 13 stations Warschauer Straße is a S-Bahn and U-Bahn station located in the Friedrichshain locality of central Berlin, Germany. Frankfurter Tor is an Berlin U-Bahn station located on the. History December 21, 1930: Alexanderplatz - Friedrichsfelde June 6, 1973: Friedrichsfelde - Tierpark

U2

Following the extension of the U2 to Pankow in 2000, there are plans to continue on to Ossietzkyplatz. Rathaus Spandau is one of the terminals of the Berlin U-Bahn line U7 (the other one being Rudow) Route Starting in Rudow at the junction of Gross-Ziethener Chaussee and Neuköllner Straße the U7 runs northwest below the road Alt-Rudow before bearing west under Gropiusstadt Pankow is a station at the railway line from Berlin to Szczecin, situated in Berlin's Pankow district 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. In the west, an extension is planned from Ruhleben to the U7 terminus, Rathaus Spandau—which already has platforms for the U2. Route Starting in Rudow at the junction of Gross-Ziethener Chaussee and Neuköllner Straße the U7 runs northwest below the road Alt-Rudow before bearing west under Gropiusstadt Rathaus Spandau is one of the terminals of the Berlin U-Bahn line U7 (the other one being Rudow)

U3

There are plans to eventually connect the U3 with the S1 S-Bahn line at Mexikoplatz in the south-west. Berlin Mexikoplatz (in German Bahnhof Berlin Mexikoplatz) is a Railway station in the Zehlendorf district of Berlin, Germany. This is one of the most likely extensions if Berlin is ever able to solve its financial problems.

U4

An autobahn underpass makes a southern extension of the U4 unfeasible; however, a possible northern extension would reach Magdeburger Platz, where it would connect with the future line from Potsdamer Platz to the Kurfürstendamm. History In 1903 the then-independent town of Schöneberg, south-west of Berlin, planned to develop an underground railway line to improve public transportation (German ˈaʊtoːbaːn plural Autobahnen; English /ˈɔːtəʊbɑːn/ is the German word for a major high- Speed Road restricted to motor History In 1903 the then-independent town of Schöneberg, south-west of Berlin, planned to develop an underground railway line to improve public transportation

U5 and U55

In 2008, the U55 will open, running from Berlin Hauptbahnhof to Brandenburger Tor - currently known as Unter den Linden. Bundestag is an under construction and currently unopen Berlin U-Bahn station located on the. U55 is a Berlin U-Bahn line that is currently under construction History December 21, 1930: Alexanderplatz - Friedrichsfelde June 6, 1973: Friedrichsfelde - Tierpark U55 is a Berlin U-Bahn line that is currently under construction 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common U55 is a Berlin U-Bahn line that is currently under construction or Berlin Central Station, is the main Railway station in Berlin, Germany and the largest crossing station in Europe. Unter den Linden ("under the linden trees" is a Boulevard in the centre of Berlin, the capital of Germany. It is a provisional line; part of a long-planned extension of the U5 from Alexanderplatz to the new central station. History December 21, 1930: Alexanderplatz - Friedrichsfelde June 6, 1973: Friedrichsfelde - Tierpark Berlin Alexanderplatz is a Railway station in Berlin city centre and is one of the city's most important interchange points for local public transport Its construction is mandated by the Hauptstadtvertrag, requiring all construction mentioned in it to be completed by 2020. 2020 ( MMXX) will be a Leap year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. The BVG expects 100,000 passengers to take the U5 extension daily.

The U5 extension—known as the Kanzlerlinie (chancellor's line), as it will run through the government quarter—is planned to go through Berliner Rathaus, along Unter den Linden and the Pariser Platz, terminating at Berlin Hauptbahnhof. Unter den Linden ("under the linden trees" is a Boulevard in the centre of Berlin, the capital of Germany. or Berlin Central Station, is the main Railway station in Berlin, Germany and the largest crossing station in Europe. Plans to extend the U5 to Turmstraße on the U9, and to Jungfernheide on the U7 are considered urgent by the city government, but the extension is unlikely unless Tegel Airport is also expanded. Turmstraße is a Berlin U-Bahn station located on the. Turmstraße features no elevator only escalator making it tricky to use for disabled people Jungfernheide is a station in the Charlottenburg district of Berlin, served by Regional-Express line RE4 the S-Bahn lines and and the Route Starting in Rudow at the junction of Gross-Ziethener Chaussee and Neuköllner Straße the U7 runs northwest below the road Alt-Rudow before bearing west under Gropiusstadt

U6

This line is considered complete. Route Beginning in central Tegel U6 runs south to Borsigwerke station beside the Berliner Straße

U7

An extension of the U7 to Schönefeld International Airport was long planned in conjunction with the renovation and expansion of the airport, but the line is no longer included in cost projections for the airport's enlargement, as the BVG concluded projected passenger numbers did not justify the expense. Route Starting in Rudow at the junction of Gross-Ziethener Chaussee and Neuköllner Straße the U7 runs northwest below the road Alt-Rudow before bearing west under Gropiusstadt Route Starting in Rudow at the junction of Gross-Ziethener Chaussee and Neuköllner Straße the U7 runs northwest below the road Alt-Rudow before bearing west under Gropiusstadt Berlin-Schönefeld Airport () is an international airport located in the town of Schönefeld in Brandenburg, adjacent to Berlin 's southern border Plans see the U7 running in the north-west to Staaken.

U8

The U8 was extended in 1996 as far as Hermannstraße; further extensions to the south are not planned. Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) Hermannstraße is a Railway station in the Neukölln district of Berlin. In the north, extending to the crowded Märkisches Viertel has long been planned: construction of the station underneath the sports centre on the Senftenberger Ring has already been started. In addition, a station between Rathaus Reinickendorf and Wittenau has been structurally prepared. Named Alt-Wittenau, this station can be completed, should the need arise.

U9

Local residents have been waiting for an extension of the U9 to Lankwitz station for years, but there are no current plans to extend the line. A northern extension of the U9 to the future Pankow Kirche U2 station has been abandoned in favour of a tram line. Flexityberlinjpg|thumb|260px|New low floor tram cars of the type Flexity Berlin]]The Berlin Straßenbahn (Berlin Tramway is one of the oldest Tram networks in the

Trains

Main article: Trains on the Berlin U-Bahn

The Berlin U-Bahn uses 750-Volt DC electric trains that run on standard gauge (1435 mm) tracks. The trains on the Berlin U-Bahn are split into two categories Kleinprofil ("small profile" used by the U1 U2 U3 and U4 and Großprofil ("large Direct current ( DC) is the unidirectional flow of Electric charge. "Electric Trains" redirects here For the 1995 Squeeze single see Electric Trains (song. The standard gauge (also named the Stephenson gauge after George Stephenson, or Normal gauge) is a widely-used Rail gauge. The first trains were based on trams; they had a width of 2. A tram, tramcar, trolley, trolley car, or streetcar is a railborne vehicle, of lighter weight and construction than a Train 30 m (7. 5 ft), and took their power from overhead lines. Overhead lines or overhead wires are used to transmit Electrical energy to Trams Trolleybuses or Trains at a distance from the To accommodate greater passenger numbers without lengthening the trains—which would require costly extended platforms—trains that ran on lines built after the First World War were required to be wider. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All The original trains and lines, which continued to operate, were designated Kleinprofil (small profile), and the newer, wider trains and lines were designated Großprofil (large profile). Großprofil trains are 2. 65 m (8. 7 ft) wide, and take their power from a third rail. A third rail is a method of providing Electricity to power a railway through a continuous rigid conductor alongside the railway track or between the rails

Although the two profiles are generally incompatible, Kleinprofil trains have been modified to run on Großprofil lines during two periods of economic difficulty. Between 1923 and 1927 on the Nord-Süd-Bahn, and between 1961 and 1978 on the E line, adapted Kleinprofil trains were used to compensate for the lack of new Großprofil trains: they were widened with wooden boards to reach the platforms; and had their power pickups adapted to accept power from the negatively-charged third rail, instead of positively-charged overhead lines.

As of 2007, Kleinprofil trains run on the U1, U2, U3, and U4 lines; and Großprofil trains operate on the U5, U55, U6, U7, U8, and U9 routes.

Kleinprofil (small profile)

Kleinprofil trains are 2. 30 m (7. 5 ft) wide, and 3. 10 m (10. 2 ft) high. When the U-Bahn opened in 1902, forty-two multiple units, and twenty-one railroad cars, with a top speed of 50 km/h (31. The term multiple unit or MU is used to describe a self-propelling train unit capable of coupling with other units of the same or similar type and still A railroad car or railway carriage is a Vehicle on a rail transport system (railroad or railway that is used for the carrying of Cargo or 1 mph), had been built at the Warschauer Brücke workshop. In contrast to the earlier test vehicles, seating was placed along the walls, facing inward, which was considered more comfortable. Until 1927, U-Bahn trains had smoking compartments and third-class carriages. The trains were first updated in 1928; A-II carriages were distinguished by only having three windows, and two sliding doors.

After the division of the city, West Berlin upgraded its U-Bahn trains more rapidly than did East Berlin. The A3 type, introduced in 1960, was modelled on the Großprofil D type, and received regular modifications every few years. Meanwhile, A-I and A-II trains operated exclusively in East Berlin until 1975, when G-I trains, which had a top speed of 70 km/h (43. 5 mph), started to travel the Thälmannplatz–Pankow route. These were superseded in 1988 by the G-I/1 type, which used couplings that were incompatible with the older G-I carriages.

Following reunification, the A3 type was again upgraded as the A3L92, the first Kleinprofil type to use three-phase electric power. This article deals with where how and why "three phase" is used In 2000, prototypes for a Kleinprofil variant of the H series were built; the HK differs from its Großprofil counterpart by not being fully interconnected—carriages are only interconnected within each of the two half-trains.

As of 2005, only trains of the HK, G-I/1 and A3(U/L) types are in active service.

Kleinprofil train types
1901–1945			West Berlin 1945–1990			East Berlin 1945–1990			1990—
1901–1904	A-I		1960–1961	A3-60		1974	G		1993–1995	A3L92
1906–1913			1964	A3-64		1978–1983	G-I		2000—	HK
1924–1926			1966	A3-66		1983	G-II
1928–1929	A-II		1966	A3L66		1986–1989	G-I/1
			1967–1968	A3L67
			1972–1973	A3L71
			1982–1983	A3L82

Großprofil (large profile)

Großprofil trains are 2. The underground station Möckernbrücke is part of the Berlin U-Bahn network 65 m (8. 7 ft) wide, and 3. 40 m (11. 2 ft) high. The first sixteen multiple units and eight ordinary carriages entered active service on the Nord-Süd-Bahn in 1924, after a year of using modified Kleinprofil trains. Designated B-I, the cars were 13. 15 m (43. 1 ft) long and each had three sliding doors; the large elliptical windows at the front of the train earned them the nickname, Tunneleulen (tunnel owls). Upgraded B-II trains were introduced in 1927, and continued to be used until 1969. The first 18-metre-long (59 ft) C-I trains were trialled in 1926, and two upgrades were produced before the end of the decade. The first U-Bahn trains to use aluminium in their construction, the C-IV types, were introduced in 1930. Many C-type trains were seized by Soviet forces in 1945, to be used in the Moscow Metro. The Moscow Metro (Московское метро which spans almost the entire Russian capital, is the world's second most heavily used Rapid-transit

The first D-type trains, manufactured in 1957, were built from steel, making them very heavy and less efficient; however, the DL type that followed from 1965 used metals that were less dense, allowing a 26% reduction in weight. In East Berlin, D-type trains bought from the BVG were designated D-I. Difficulties there in trying to develop an E series of trains led, in 1962, to the conversion of S-Bahn type 168 trains for use on the E line. These E-III trains were desperately needed at the time to allow modified Kleinprofil trains to return to the increasingly-busy A line but, following reunification, high running costs led to their retirement in 1994.

In West Berlin, the successor to the D-type was the F-type, which debuted in 1973. They varied from other models in having seats that were perpendicular to the sides of the train; from 1980, they also became the first U-Bahn trains to use three-phase electricity. In 1995, the original seating arrangement returned as the H series took up service. H-type trains are characterised by the interconnection of carriages throughout the length of the train; and they can only be removed from the tracks at main service depots.

As of 2005, only F and H-type trains are in active service.

Großprofil train types
1901–1945			West Berlin 1945–1990			East Berlin 1945–1990			1990—
1923–1927	A-IK		1955–1965	D		1956–1957	E-I		1990–1991	F90
1945–1968			1965–1966	DL65		1962–1990	E-III		1992–1993	F92
1924–1928	B-I		1968–1970	DL68					1994–1995	H95
1926–1927	C-I		1970–1973	DL70					1998–1999	H98
1927–1929	B-II		1973–1975	F74					2000–2002	H01
1929	C-II		1976–1978	F76
1930	C-III		1979–1981	F79
1930–1931	C-IV		1984–1985	F84
			1987–1988	F87

Depots

Main article: Depots on the Berlin U-Bahn

Depots of the Berlin U-Bahn fall into one of two classes: main workshops (German: Hauptwerkstätten, abbreviated as Hw); and service workshops (German: Betriebswerkstätten, abbreviated Bw). Depots on the Berlin U-Bahn are split just like its trains, into two different profiles the wider Großprofil and the larger Kleinprofil. The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. The main workshops are the only places where trains can be lifted from the tracks; they are used for the full inspections required every few years, and for any major work on trains. The service workshops only handle minor repairs and maintenance, such as replacing windows, or removing graffiti. Graffiti (singular graffito; the plural is used as a Mass noun) is the name for images or lettering scratched scrawled painted or marked in any manner on property

As of 2005, the only dedicated Kleinprofil depot is at Grunewald (Hw Gru/Bw Gru), which opened on 21 January 1913. Events 1189 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade. Year 1913 ( MCMXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The first Großprofil depot opened at Seestraße (Hw See/Bw See) in 1923, to service the Nord-Süd-Bahn. It has 17 tracks—2 for the main workshop, and 15 for the service workshop—but its inner-city location prevents any further expansion. Due to BVG budget cuts, the Seestraße depot also services Kleinprofil trains. Two further Großprofil service workshops are located at Friedrichsfelde (Bw Fri), and Britz-Süd (Bw Britz).

In the past, there were other workshops. The first opened in 1901 at Warschauer Brücke, and was the construction site for most of the early U-Bahn trains. The division of the U-Bahn network on 13 August 1961 forced its closure, although it was reopened in 1995 as a storage depot. Events 3114 BC - According to the Lounsbury correlation the start of the Maya calendar. Year 1961 ( MCMLXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A small depot operated at Krumme Lanke between 22 December 1929 and 1 May 1968; and, while the network was split, East Berlin's U-Bahn used the S-Bahn depot at Schöneweide, along with a small service workshop at Rosa-Luxemburg-Platz, which was closed following reunification. Events 1790 - The Turkish fortress of Izmail is stormed and captured by Suvorov and his Russian armies Year 1929 ( MCMXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor. Year 1968 ( MCMLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Accidents

The Berlin U-Bahn ranks among the safest modes of transportation: its history features few accidents.

The most severe accident occurred at the original Gleisdreieck (rail triangle), where the main and branch lines were connected by switches that allowed the tracks to cross. On 26 September 1908, a train driver missed a stop signal. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar dedicates a Year 1908 ( MCMVIII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year As a result, two trains collided at the junction, and one fell off the viaduct. The accident killed eighteen people, and severely injured another twenty-one. Gleisdreieck's triangular layout had already been deemed unsuitable for future developments; this incident—and a later, less-serious one—triggered its reconstruction as a multi-level station, starting in 1912.

On 30 June 1965, a train with brake failure stopped on the G line—today's U9—between Zoologischer Garten and Hansaplatz. Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, is defeated and killed by troops of the Usurper Year 1965 ( MCMLXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. Unaware of the faulty train, a mechanic working at the Zoologischer Garten signal tower noticed that the leaving signal had been set to 'Stop' for a long time. Thinking it should be set to 'Go', after several attempts, he manually changed the signal, in defiance of regulations that strictly prohibited such actions. The following train, which had been waiting at Zoologischer Garten, then left the station on the same track. With emergency brakes unable to prevent the accident, the two trains collided. One passenger was killed in the crash, and 97 were injured. The mechanic was fined 600,000 DM.

Fires can be particularly dangerous and damaging within an underground system. In October 1972, two trains and a 200 m length of tunnel were completely destroyed when the trains caught fire; the reconstructed tunnel is clearly differentiated from the old one. Another train burned out in the connecting tunnel between Klosterstraße and Alexanderplatz in 1987. On 8 July 2000, the last car of a GI/I train suffered a short circuit, burning out at the rear of the Deutsche Oper station. Events 939 - The Major Occultation or Ghaybat el-Kubra of Muhammad al-Mahdi 1099 - First Crusade: 15000 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Deutsche Oper is an Berlin U-Bahn station located on the. The station is featured in Rammstein 's 2004 music video for " Mein Teil " The single exit of the station was unreachable, forcing the passengers to run through the tunnel to reach the next emergency exit. The fire also damaged the station, which remained closed until September. The Portuguese Ambassador, João Diogo Nunes Barata, presented the BVG with azulejos (tiled paintings), specially designed for the station, by the artist José de Guimarães. Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. The azulejo ( Portuguese:ɐzul'eʒu Spanish:aθuˈlexo refers to a typical form of Portuguese or Spanish painted tin-glazed José Maria Fernandes Marques, known by the pseudonym José de Guimarães (born 25 November 1939, in Guimarães) is a Portuguese ^[4] Installation of Portugal's gift to the city was completed on 30 October 2002. Events 637 - Antioch surrenders to the Muslim forces under Rashidun Caliphate after the Battle of Iron bridge. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar.

As a consequence of the Deutsche Oper incident, BVG decided to post an employee at every station with only one exit until a second exit could be built. Viktoria-Luise-Platz is an Berlin U-Bahn station located on the. History In 1903 the then-independent town of Schöneberg, south-west of Berlin, planned to develop an underground railway line to improve public transportation Over the following few years, many of those stations—including Britz-Süd, Schillingstraße, Viktoria-Luise-Platz, Uhlandstraße, and Theo. Heuss Platz—were refitted with additional exits. As of September 2007, the only remaining stations with no second exit are Konstanzer Straße and Rudow. Despite these changes, several passenger organisations—such as Pro Bahn, and IGEB—demand that stations with exits in the middle of the platform are also fitted with additional emergency exits. Many stations are built this way; meeting those demands would place a heavy financial burden on both the BVG and the city.

The U6 saw a particularly costly, though casualty-free, incident on 25 March 2003. Events 1199 - Richard I is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting France which leads to his death on April 6. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Scheduled repair work on the line limited the normal service to between Alt-Mariendorf and Kurt-Schumacher-Platz; one train then shuttled back and forth between Kurt-Schumacher-Platz and Holzhauser Straße, sharing a platform at Kurt-Schumacher-Platz with the normal-service trains departing for their return journey to Alt-Mariendorf. Kurt-Schumacher-Platz is a station on the line of the Berlin U-Bahn. Needing to pass several stop signals on the shuttle service, the driver had been given special instructions how to proceed. Unfortunately, he ignored the signal at the entry to Kurt-Schumacher-Platz, and ploughed into the side of a train heading back to Alt-Mariendorf. The impact wrecked both trains, and caused considerable damage to the tracks. Normal service did not resume for two days, and the removal of the two wrecked trains—which, surprisingly, could still roll along the tracks—also took nearly 48 hours.

Films, music and merchandising

The Berlin U-Bahn has appeared in numerous films and music videos. A music video is a Short film or video that accompanies a complete piece of music most commonly a Song with lyrics Offering access to stations, tunnels, and trains, the BVG cooperates with film-makers, although a permit is required. ^[5]

Whether set in Berlin or elsewhere, the U-Bahn has had at least a minor role in a large number of movies and television programmes, including Emil und die Detektive (2001), Otto – Der Film (1985), Peng! Du bist tot (1987) featuring Ingolf Lück, Run Lola Run (1998), and several Tatort episodes. Emil and the Detectives (German Emil und die Detektive) is a 1929 novel for children set in Germany by the German writer Erich Kästner. Ingolf Lück (born April 26, 1958 in Bielefeld) is a German Actor, Comedian and television host. Run Lola Run (original German title Lola rennt, translates as Lola Runs) is a 1998 Film by German Tatort ( English title: Crime Scene) is a long-running German / Austrian former Swiss, crime television series set in various The previously-unused Reichstag station was used to shoot scenes of the movies Resident Evil and Equilibrium. Resident Evil is a British film that was a 2002 Science fiction Horror film based on the same titled series of Equilibrium is a 2002 action and Science fiction film written and directed by Kurt Wimmer.

Möbius 17, by Frank Esher Lämmer and Jo Preussler from Berlin, tells the story of an U-Bahn train that, caught in a Möbius strip, travels through alternate universes after a new line is built. This article is about the mathematical object See Mobius Band (music group for the music group Parallel universe or alternative reality is a self-contained separate reality coexisting with one's own Alexanderplatz station plays an essential role in Berlin Alexanderplatz—a film of thirteen hour-long chapters and one epilogue—produced in 1980 by Rainer Werner Fassbinder, based on the book by Döblin. The film's scenes feature a recreation of the station as it was in 1928—rather darker and dirtier than in the 21st century. In the surrealistic two-hour epilogue, Fassbinder transforms parts of the station into a slaughterhouse where people are killed and dissected.

Since 2001, the Berlin U-bahn has hosted the annual short-film festival Going Underground. Short films (up to 90 seconds long) are shown on the monitors found in many of the U-Bahn trains. ^[6] Passengers onboard vote for the festival winner.

Sandy Mölling, former singer of the pop band No Angels, shot the video for her single "Unnatural Blonde" in the U-Bahn station Deutsche Oper. Sandra Mölling (born April 27, 1981) known professionally as Sandy, is a German pop Singer-songwriter, Dancer The No Angels are an ECHO Award -winning all-female pop group from Germany. Kate Ryan, Overground, Böhse Onkelz, Xavier Naidoo, Die Fantastischen Vier, and the DJ duo Blank & Jones have all used the U-Bahn and its stations for their videos as well. Kate Ryan (born Katrien Verbeeck on July 22 1980, in Tessenderlo, Belgium) is a Belgian Dance music singer/songwriter The Böhse Onkelz ( ˈʔɔŋkəls}} were a German rock group. Xavier Kurt Naidoo (born October 2, 1971 in Mannheim, Germany) is a German Singer and Songwriter of Indian Die Fantastischen Vier fanˌtastɪʃən ˈfiːɐ̯}} also known as Fanta 4 is a German hip hop group from Stuttgart, Germany. Blank & Jones is a Cologne, Germany based Trance duo consisting of the members Jan Pieter Blank (born June 15, 1971) known

"Linie 1", a musical performed by Berlin's Grips-Theater, is set completely in stations and trains of the Berlin U-Bahn; a movie version has also been produced. The Grips-Theater in Berlin, Germany is a well-known and well-respected Theater for Children and Youth located at the Hansaplatz

In 2002, the BVG cooperated with design students in a project to create underwear with an U-Bahn theme, which, in English, they named "Underwear". They used the names of real stations that, in the context of underwear, appeared to be mild sexual double entendres: men's underpants bore labels with Rohrdamm (pipe dam), Onkel Toms Hütte (Uncle Tom's Cabin), and Krumme Lanke (crooked lake); the women's had Gleisdreieck (triangle track), and Jungfernheide (virgin heath). Not to be confused with Puns which employ multiple phrases A double entendre is a Figure of speech similar to the Pun, in After the first series sold out quickly, several others were commissioned, such as Nothammer (emergency hammer), and Pendelverkehr (shuttle service; though Verkehr also means "intercourse" and Pendel also means "pendulum"). They were retired from sale in 2004.

See also

• Berlin S-Bahn
• Berlin Straßenbahn
• M-Bahn
• Ghost station
• List of rapid transit systems

Footnotes

References

English

• Brian Hardy: The Berlin U-Bahn, Capital Transport, 1996, ISBN 1-85414-184-8

German

• Jan Gympel: U-Bahn Berlin - Reiseführer. GVE-Verlag, Berlin 2002, ISBN 3-89218-072-5
• AG Berliner U-Bahn: Zur Eröffnung der elektrischen Hoch-und Untergrundbahn in Berlin. GVE-Verlag, Berlin 2002, ISBN 3-89218-077-6
• Jürgen Meyer-Kronthaler und Klaus Kurpjuweit: Berliner U-Bahn – In Fahrt seit Hundert Jahren. be. bra Verlag, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-930863-99-5
• Petra Domke und Markus Hoeft: Tunnel Gräben Viadukte – 100 Jahre Baugeschichte der Berliner U-Bahn. kulturbild Verlag, Berlin 1998, ISBN 3-933300-00-2
• Ulrich Lemke und Uwe Poppel: Berliner U-Bahn. alba Verlag, Düsseldorf, ISBN 3-87094-346-7
• Robert Schwandl: Berlin U-Bahn Album. Alle 192 Untergrund- und Hochbahnhöfe in Farbe. Robert Schwandl Verlag, Berlin Juli 2002, ISBN 3-936573-01-8
• Jürgen Meyer-Kronthaler: Berlins U-Bahnhöfe – Die ersten hundert Jahre. be. bra Verlag, Berlin 1996, ISBN 3-930863-16-2

External links

• BVG website (English)
• VSWB.de - Disused Rails and Lanes in Berlin

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