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| Line number: | 6003, 6024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gauge: | 1435 mm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Legend
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The Berlin Stadtbahn ("city railway") is a major railway thoroughfare in the German capital Berlin. Berlin Westkreuz is a station in the Charlottenburg district of Berlin. Year 1928 ( MCMXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1041 - Empress Zoe of Byzantium elevates her adoptive son to the throne of the Eastern Roman Empire as Michael V Berlin-Spandau is a Railway station situated in the Spandau district of Berlin, Germany located at the western end of the S-Bahn lines and. Berlin-Wannsee (in German Bahnhof Berlin-Wannsee) is a Railway station opened in 1874 which lies in the Wannsee district of Berlin, Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany.
The line was originally built in the 1880s and runs through Berlin from east to west. It connects the eastern borough of Friedrichshain with Charlottenburg in the West via the stations of Berlin Ostbahnhof, Alexanderplatz, Friedrichstraße, Hauptbahnhof, and Zoologischer Garten. Friedrichshain is a part of Berlin's borough of Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg. Berlin-Charlottenburg is a Railway station situated in the Charlottenburg district of Berlin. Berlin Ostbahnhof (translates from German as Berlin East Station) is a mainline Railway station in Berlin, Germany. Berlin Alexanderplatz is a Railway station in Berlin city centre and is one of the city's most important interchange points for local public transport (bɛɐˈliːn ˈfʀiːdʀɪçˌʃtʀaːsə is a Railway station in the German city Berlin. or Berlin Central Station, is the main Railway station in Berlin, Germany and the largest crossing station in Europe. Bahnhof Berlin Zoologischer Garten ( German for Berlin Zoological Garden railway station short form Berlin Zoo or colloquially Bahnhof Zoo) was the central
The Berlin Stadtbahn is often also defined as the slightly longer route between Ostkreuz and Westkreuz, although this is not technically correct. Ostkreuz ( German for "East Cross" is a station on the Berlin S-Bahn Suburban railway, and one of the busiest in all Berlin Westkreuz is a station in the Charlottenburg district of Berlin.
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History
In 1871, eight main line railways existed in Berlin, each with its own terminal station at the city's edge or outside the city limits. The Mainline or Main line of a Railway is a track that is used for through trains or is the principal artery of the system from which Branch lines, |}A train station, railway station, railroad station, or station yard is a facility at which Passengers may board and alight from Trains This was very impractical for many passengers, who were forced to use hackney carriages to transfer from one train to another. See also Taxicab ||-||-||}A hackney or hackney carriage (also called a cab or hack) is a Carriage or Automobile Therefore a railway line was planned to connect these terminuses with each other.
In 1872, the Deutsche Eisenbahnbaugesellschaft (German Railway Construction Company - DEG) filed the planning application for a railway line through the city, connecting the then-Schlesischer Bahnhof (today Berlin Ostbahnhof) to Charlottenburg, and continuing to Potsdam. Berlin Ostbahnhof (translates from German as Berlin East Station) is a mainline Railway station in Berlin, Germany. In December 1873, the state of Prussia as well as the private rail enterprises Berlin-Potsdamer Eisenbahn, Magdeburg-Halberstädter Eisenbahn and Berlin-Hamburger Bahn bought shares in the DEG, and jointly founded the Berliner Stadteisenbahngesellschaft (Berlin City Railway Company). Prussia ( Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Prūsija Prūsija Prusy Old Prussian: Prūsa) was most recently a historic state However, things did not go as expected and the DEG went into bankruptcy in 1878, which forced the Prussian state government to take over operations, pay for the construction of the line with state money and to reimburse the former private owners of the DEG. Bankruptcy is a legally declared inability or impairment of ability of an individual or organization to pay their Creditors Creditors may file a bankruptcy petition against [1] The state's interest in the line was attributed to the military, which after the 1870-1871 Franco-Prussian War was of the opinion that the railway networks would hinder mobilisation when not properly interconnected. The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War, often referred to in France as the 1870 War ( 19 July, 1870 — 10 May, 1871 This article describes military mobilization For other meanings see Mobilization (disambiguation. [2]
On July 15, 1878 the Königliche Direktion der Berliner Stadteisenbahn (Royal Directorate of Berlin City Railways), under the management of Ernst Dircksen, was commissioned to manage the site. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Christian soldiers take the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem after the final Year 1878 ( MDCCCLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Ernst August Dircksen (* May 31 1831 in Danzig; † May 11 1899 in Erfurt) was a German Architect. The directorate at first reported to the Prussian Ministry of Transport and later became a subsidiary of the Ministry of Public Operations.
The planned railway had two tracks each for freight and passenger traffic. The Fernsehturm ( German for "television tower" is a Television Tower in the city centre of Berlin, Germany. Having taken similar projects in London and New York City into consideration, passenger traffic received priority over freight trains. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. The City of New York Furthermore, the new railway line was not only to serve as a connection between the mainline terminuses in Berlin, but would also offer connections to the Berlin Ringbahn and the suburban rail lines.
The traffic routing was not only influenced by the location of the already existing stations the line was supposed to connect, but also by land availability in the city centre. One of the original drafts, which called for building the line along Leipziger Straße, had to be scrapped because of overly high land prices. The moat of a 17th century fortress was filled up between today's stations Hackescher Markt and Jannowitzbrücke and, since it was public land, was used for building the railway line. A moat is deep broad Trench, usually filled with Water, that surrounds a structure installation or town normally to provide it with a preliminary line of Fortifications are Military Constructions and Buildings designed for defense in Warfare Humans have constructed defensive works for The Hackescher Markt ( Hacke Market, named after Hans Christoph Friedrich von Hacke is a place in central Berlin, Germany, situated at the end of the This explains some of the curvy sections on the Stadtbahn, especially between the stations Alexanderplatz and Jannowitzbrücke. Berlin Alexanderplatz is a Railway station in Berlin city centre and is one of the city's most important interchange points for local public transport [3]
The Stadtbahn line mostly is built as an elevated rail line with viaducts totalling eight kilometres of length and including 731 masonry viaduct arches. A viaduct is a Bridge composed of several small spans The term viaduct is derived from the Latin via for road and ducere to Two kilometres of the line length are situated on 64 bridges, and the remaining length of the 12 km line is on an embankment. This sets the Stadtbahn apart from the previous Berliner Verbindungsbahn, built in 1851, which was built at street level and was a hindrance to travel. The Stadtbahn was originally equipped with vertical iron sleepers, however these were replaced with wooden sleepers in the early 20th century. A railroad tie, cross tie, or railway sleeper is a rectangular object used as a base for Railroad tracks.
Work on the line started in 1875, and the Stadtbahn was opened on February 7, 1882 for local traffic; it opened on May 15 of the same year for long-distance trains. Events 457 - Leo I becomes emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 1074 - Battle of Montesarchio in which the Prince Year 1882 ( MDCCCLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1252 - Pope Innocent IV issues the Papal bull Ad exstirpanda, which authorizes but also limits the The costs of construction, including purchase of the land, were estimated at about 5 million Goldmark per kilometre. The Goldmark (officially just Mark) is the name used for the currency of the German Empire from 1873 to 1914 The line would later become the core route of the Berlin S-Bahn. The Berlin S-Bahn is a Rapid transit system operated by S-Bahn Berlin GmbH, a subsidiary of the Deutsche Bahn.
The original stations, seen from west to east, were:
- Charlottenburg
- Zoologischer Garten
- Bellevue
- Lehrter Stadtbahnhof, today Berlin Hauptbahnhof
- Friedrichstraße
- Börse, Marx-Engels-Platz in the GDR, since 1992 Hackescher Markt
- Alexanderplatz
- Jannowitzbrücke
- Schlesischer Bahnhof, named Berlin Hauptbahnhof in the 1980s and early 90s, today Ostbahnhof
Since May 1, 1988 the Stadtbahn also connected to Stralau-Rummelsburg in the east and Westend in the west. |}A train station, railway station, railroad station, or station yard is a facility at which Passengers may board and alight from Trains Berlin-Charlottenburg is a Railway station situated in the Charlottenburg district of Berlin. Bahnhof Berlin Zoologischer Garten ( German for Berlin Zoological Garden railway station short form Berlin Zoo or colloquially Bahnhof Zoo) was the central Bellevue is a Railway station on the Berlin Stadtbahn in the Hansaviertel district of Berlin, Germany. or Berlin Central Station, is the main Railway station in Berlin, Germany and the largest crossing station in Europe. or Berlin Central Station, is the main Railway station in Berlin, Germany and the largest crossing station in Europe. (bɛɐˈliːn ˈfʀiːdʀɪçˌʃtʀaːsə is a Railway station in the German city Berlin. Schloßplatz ( German for "Palace Square" is a square on Museum Island ( Museumsinsel) in Berlin, Germany. The German Democratic Republic ( GDR; Deutsche Demokratische Republik DDR; commonly known in English as East Germany) was a Socialist state The Hackescher Markt ( Hacke Market, named after Hans Christoph Friedrich von Hacke is a place in central Berlin, Germany, situated at the end of the Berlin Alexanderplatz is a Railway station in Berlin city centre and is one of the city's most important interchange points for local public transport Berlin Ostbahnhof (translates from German as Berlin East Station) is a mainline Railway station in Berlin, Germany. Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor. Year 1988 ( MCMLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar) Miastko ( Kashubian / Pomeranian: Miastkò; Rummelsburg is a town in the Middle Pomerania region of northwestern Poland. Westend may refer to Westend (Berlin, a locality of Berlin in Germany
Two stations were added between Charlottenburg and Zoologischer Garten as well as between Zoologischer Garten and Bellevue:
Operation and extensions
Suburban trains
Suburban trains operated on the local tracks, the so-called city track. Berlin Savignyplatz is a Train station in the Charlottenburg district of Berlin. Events 30 BC - Octavian (later known as Augustus enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Year 1896 ( MDCCCXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Tiergarten is a Railway station on the Berlin Stadtbahn line in the Tiergarten district of Berlin. Events 1477 - Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is killed and Burgundy becomes part of France. Year 1885 ( MDCCCLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common At first, these were either services to the suburbs or connections to the Berlin Ringbahn, running as "half ring trains", using the Stadtbahn and either the northern or the southern Ringbahn. The trains were pulled by locomotives, which ran on coke to minimise the smell. Coke is a solid Carbonaceous material derived from Destructive distillation of low-ash low-sulfur Bituminous coal. Doors on the train compartments had to be opened by the passengers themselves and stations were not called out on the train.
These trains ran from 4 o'clock in the morning to 1 o'clock at night, typically at intervals between two and five minutes, depending on the time of day. Fares in the early 20th century were 10 pfennig in 3rd class and 15 pfennig in 2nd class. The Pfennig (abbreviation Pf) is an old German coin or note which existed from the 9th century until the introduction of the Euro
Freight traffic
The freight traffic to the central market at Alexanderplatz was carried by seven special trains per day, of which four ran at night, two during the day and one in the evening. is a large open square and public transport hub in the Berlin district of Mitte in the city centre near the river Spree and the Berliner Dom Furthermore, the line carried the normal freight traffic toward Charlottenburg, Moabit, Wedding, Zentralviehhof, Weißensee, Frankfurter Allee, Rixdorf, Tempelhof, Wilmersdorf-Friedenau and to Halensee. Charlottenburg is a locality of Berlin within the borough of Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf, named after Queen Sophia Charlotte (1668-1705 Moabit is an Inner city locality of Berlin. Since Berlin's 2001 administrative reform it belongs to the newly regrouped governmental borough Wedding ( "der Wedding") is a locality in the borough of Mitte, Berlin, Germany and was a separate borough in the north-western Weissensee (Weißensee is a locality in the borough of Pankow in Berlin, Germany, named for the small Lake Weißer See Tempelhof is an area in Berlin within the borough of Tempelhof-Schöneberg. Wilmersdorf is a Inner city locality of Berlin, formerly a borough by itself but since Berlin's 2001 administrative reform a part of the new borough Friedenau is a locality within the borough of Tempelhof-Schöneberg in Berlin, Germany.
Long-distance trains
In the first years of the Stadtbahn, many trains previously terminating at the old terminuses Lehrter Bahnhof, Görlitzer Bahnhof or Potsdamer Bahnhof operated via the Stadtbahn to reduce the load on the terminus stations. or Berlin Central Station, is the main Railway station in Berlin, Germany and the largest crossing station in Europe. Görlitzer Bahnhof was the name of the Berlin railway terminus for the mainline link between the capital Cottbus in Brandenburg and Görlitz Potsdamer Platz is a Railway station in Berlin. It is completely underground and situated underneath the Potsdamer Platz in central Berlin By the end of the 19th century, however, most of these train runs had to terminate at their old destination stations again due to the increasing local traffic on the Stadtbahn.
The remaining traffic on the Stadtbahn mostly consisted of express trains to Hanover and Cologne via the Lehrter Bahn, Kanonenbahn trains to Dessau, trains to Königsberg and Danzig on the Preußische Ostbahn and trains to Frankfurt/Oder and Breslau. Hanover (i ( haˈnoːfɐ on the river Leine, is the capital of the federal state of Lower Saxony ( Niedersachsen Königsberg (Karaliaučius Low German: Königsbarg; Królewiec see also other names) was until 1946 the name of Kaliningrad. Gdańsk ( Polish pronunciation; 'Danzig', Gduńsk Gedania Dantiscum is the City at the centre of the fourth-largest Metropolitan area in Poland The Prussian Eastern Railway (Preußische Ostbahn was the Railway in the eastern Kingdom of Prussia until 1918 Frankfurt (Oder is a City in Brandenburg, Germany, located on the Oder River on the German- Polish border directly opposite the Wrocław (Breslau Vratislav Vratislavia or Wratislavia Yiddish: ברעסלוי) is the chief City of the historical region of Lower Silesia Suburban trains to Spandau and Strausberg also ran on the Stadtbahn's long-distance tracks until 1928.
Trains heading west usually left from the Schlesischer Bahnhof station, those heading east from Charlottenburg. Depots were situated in Rummelsburg (then called Bw Karlshorst) and Grunewald. Miastko ( Kashubian / Pomeranian: Miastkò; Rummelsburg is a town in the Middle Pomerania region of northwestern Poland. Grunewald (Greenwood is both a Forest in Berlin on the east side of the Havel and a locality of the Berlin borough of Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf
Station expansions and viaducts
In 1914, the Friedrichstraße station was rebuilt; the long-distance section of the station was expanded to four tracks and the current station hall was built. (bɛɐˈliːn ˈfʀiːdʀɪçˌʃtʀaːsə is a Railway station in the German city Berlin. Between 1922 and 1932, the Stadtbahn viaduct was thoroughly modernised in order to handle the ever increasing train weight. Also, the train sheds of Alexanderplatz and Schlesischer Bahnhof were replaced. For other uses see engine shed and Goods shed A train shed is an adjacent building to a Railway station where the tracks Berlin Alexanderplatz is a Railway station in Berlin city centre and is one of the city's most important interchange points for local public transport The suburban line's platforms were raised to a height of 96 centimetres. [4]
A second long-distance platform and a new hall were built at Zoo station from 1934 to 1940. Bahnhof Berlin Zoologischer Garten ( German for Berlin Zoological Garden railway station short form Berlin Zoo or colloquially Bahnhof Zoo) was the central The station hall was only glazed in the 1950s, however. The notable terraced vestibule dates from the same time.
Electric operation
On June 11, 1928 the suburban line Potsdam-Stadtbahn-Erkner was fully equipped with DC third rail gear. Events 1184 BC - Trojan War: Troy is sacked and burned according to the calculations of Eratosthenes. Year 1928 ( MCMXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Erkner is a town in the Oder-Spree District of Brandenburg, Germany. Direct current ( DC) is the unidirectional flow of Electric charge. A third rail is a method of providing Electricity to power a railway through a continuous rigid conductor alongside the railway track or between the rails [5] Five trains of the new DRG Class ET 165 – the type appropriately named Stadtbahn – went into service, still sharing the track with steam trains. By November 1928, all lines leading toward the Stadtbahn, namely the lines from Kaulsdorf, Spandau and Grünau as well as the Berlin Ringbahn, were fully electrified. Kaulsdorf is a locality within the borough Marzahn-Hellersdorf of Berlin. For the Spandau machine gun see Maschinengewehr 08. For the 1980s New Romantic group see Spandau Ballet. Therefore, suburban services to Spandau could be moved from the long-distance tracks to the local tracks. The last steam trains disappeared in 1929 when the ring became fully operated by electric trains. Half-ring trains operated only as peak time services. In December 1930, the term S-Bahn and the symbol of a white S on a green circle were introduced for the city, ring and suburban services.
Post-War situation
After World War II, the Stadtbahn lay devastated by bombs, but was rebuilt very quickly. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Because Stalin wanted to travel by train to the Potsdam Conference, the Stadtbahn was converted to the Russian 1524 mm broad gauge in 1945. Joseph Stalin ( ნამდვილი გვარი ჯუღაშვილი|Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili; March 5 1953 was General Secretary of the Communist Party The Potsdam Conference was held at Cecilienhof, the home of Crown Prince Wilhelm Hohenzollern, in Potsdam, Germany, from July 16, Broad gauge Railways use a Rail gauge (distance between the rails greater than the Standard gauge of. The national importance had diminished with the loss of eastern Germany; only a few trains ran towards the western zones. The former eastern territories of Germany (ehemalige deutsche Ostgebiete describes collectively those Provinces or Regions east of the current eastern Some trains from the Soviet zone terminated on the Stadtbahn.
During the Berlin Blockade, the long-distance traffic came to an almost complete halt. The Berlin Blockade (24 June 1948 – 11 May 1949 was one of the first major international crises of the Cold war. The Stadtbahn was useful for the re-established S-Bahn, however, now with connections to places line Königs Wusterhausen, Strausberg, Staaken and Falkensee. This article has been partially translated from the German Wikipedia article Königs Wusterhausen is a city in the Dahme-Spreewald district of the state of Brandenburg in Germany. Strausberg is a city in Brandenburg, Germany, located 30 km east of Berlin, and is the largest town in the district of Märkisch-Oderland. Staaken is a locality at the western rim of Berlin within the borough of Spandau. Falkensee is a town in the Havelland district Brandenburg, Germany.
From May 18, 1952, when all Berlin terminal stations and all other long-distance stations in West Berlin were closed, the station Zoologischer Garten remained the only long-distance station for the western part of the city. Events 1152 - Henry II of England marries Eleanor of Aquitaine. Year 1952 ( MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. West Berlin was the name given to the western part of Berlin between 1949 and 1990 Bahnhof Berlin Zoologischer Garten ( German for Berlin Zoological Garden railway station short form Berlin Zoo or colloquially Bahnhof Zoo) was the central The last domestic train of the GDR (East German) railways ran on the Stadtbahn in 1953. The German Democratic Republic ( GDR; Deutsche Demokratische Republik DDR; commonly known in English as East Germany) was a Socialist state
After the Berlin Wall was built in 1961, Zoologischer Garten became the West Berlin and Ostbahnhof the East Berlin de facto central station. The Berlin Wall (Berliner Mauer was a physical barrier separating West Berlin from the German Democratic Republic (GDR ( East Germany) including West Berlin was the name given to the western part of Berlin between 1949 and 1990 East Berlin was the name given to the eastern part of Berlin between 1949 and 1990 The station Friedrichstraße now was the terminal point of the separated West and East Berlin S-Bahn lines and departure point for the Interzonenzug (Inter-zone train) services between West Berlin and West Germany. (bɛɐˈliːn ˈfʀiːdʀɪçˌʃtʀaːsə is a Railway station in the German city Berlin. West Germany ( Inf German: Westdeutschland or West-Deutschland) was the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany ( Friedrichstraße station was separated into Eastern and Western parts with steel walls, and enabled West Berliners to change to S-Bahn trains running on the Nord-Süd-Bahn and the U6 line of the Berlin U-Bahn without passing through GDR border controls. The Berlin de U-Bahn (de Untergrundbahn underground railway is a major part of the Public transport system of the German capital Berlin. The station also featured a border crossing into East Berlin. [6] Through trains between Zoo and Ostbahnhof only existed in international traffic, for example the Paris to Warsaw trains. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Warsaw (Warszawa; also known by other names) is the Capital and Largest city of Poland. Later, through coaches and shuttle trains connecting to the night trains to Scandinavia crossed the intra-German border on the Stadtbahn as well. Terminology and usage As a cultural term "Scandinavia" has no official definition and is subject to usage by those who identify with the culture in question as well
Due to a quirk in legislation, the West Berlin parts of the Stadtbahn belonged to the Deutsche Reichsbahn, which made it (and therefore the GDR government) one of the largest landowners in West Berlin. Deutsche Reichsbahn or DR (German Reich Railways was the national Railway of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany Regular quarrels erupted between the DR, the GDR government, the West Berlin senate and the Allied occupation powers.
Prices for the West Berlin S-Bahn were kept slightly below the fares of the West Berlin BVG. In East Berlin, a flat fee of 0. East Berlin was the name given to the eastern part of Berlin between 1949 and 1990 20 Mark was charged until 1991. West Berlin politics and most of the populace fully boycotted the S-Bahn, which was run by the East German railways, and introduced bus and U-Bahn lines running parallel to the S-Bahn network and the Stadtbahn.
Restoration during the Cold War
Despite problems, the Deutsche Reichsbahn made improvements to the line and reconstructed at great expense the Westkreuz railway station which had been built on swamp land. Deutsche Reichsbahn or DR (German Reich Railways was the national Railway of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany Berlin Westkreuz is a station in the Charlottenburg district of Berlin. A swamp is a Wetland featuring temporary or permanent inundation of large areas of land by shallow bodies of water
Meanwhile, the number of S-Bahn lines running in West Berlin was reduced to just three as a consequence of a strike carried out by the Deutsche Reichsbahn's West Berlin-based employees in September 1980.
On January 9, 1984, a treaty between the GDR and the West Berlin Senate came into force and turned over the responsibility for operation of the S-Bahn in West Berlin to the West Berlin transport authority, the Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe. Events 475 - Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople. Year 1984 ( MCMLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1984 Gregorian calendar) Soon thereafter, talks with the GDR commenced regarding improvements of the Stadtbahn in West Berlin as well as the modernisation of the Zoologischer Garten station. The Lehrter Stadtbahnhof was also carefully restored to its original 1880s look and became a listed building. A listed building in the United Kingdom is a building or other structure officially designated as being of special architectural historical or cultural significance In East Berlin, the Ostbahnhof was partially rebuilt and renamed to Hauptbahnhof, in time for the 750th anniversary of Berlin's founding in 1987. [7]
After reunification
The fall of the Berlin Wall and German reunification made for a sudden spike of importance for the Stadtbahn. The Berlin Wall (Berliner Mauer was a physical barrier separating West Berlin from the German Democratic Republic (GDR ( East Germany) including German reunification (Deutsche Wiedervereinigung took place twice after 1945 first in 1957 the Saarland was permitted to join the Federal Republic of Germany The first InterRegio train ran to Cologne in 1990. The InterRegio is a Train service seen in some European countries Since 1991, InterCity trains to Karlsruhe, Cologne and Hamburg used the Stadtbahn. InterCity (commonly abbreviated IC on timetables and tickets is the classification applied to certain long-distance Passenger train services in Karlsruhe (ˈkaɐ̯lsʁuːə population 285812 in 2006 is a city in the south west of Germany, in the Bundesland Baden-Württemberg, located near Hamburg (English, German: ˈhambʊɐk local pronunciation Low German / Low Saxon: Hamborg) is the second-largest city in Germany The Hamburg line was soon extended to Dresden and Prague, and the former Interzonenzug trains from Munich were converted to InterCity trains and now ran on the Stadtbahn as well. Dresden (etymologically from Old Sorbian Drežďany, meaning people of the riverside forest, Drježdźany is the Capital city of the German Prague (ˈprɑːg Praha (ˈpraɦa see also other names) is the Capital and Largest city of the Czech Republic. Munich (München; Minga is the capital city of Bavaria, Germany.
The western part of the Stadtbahn was electrified on July 4, 1993 up to Zoologischer Garten station. Events 836 - Pactum Sicardi, peace between the Principality of Benevento and the Duchy of Naples Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) The eastern part of the line up to Ostbahnhof had been electrified since 1987. As soon as electrification reached the Zoo station, ICE trains began to use the station. The InterCityExpress or ICE (German pronunciation) is a system of high-speed trains predominantly running in Germany and neighbouring countries
Modernisation in 1994 - 1998
In October 1994, a large-scale modernisation programme was started on the Stadtbahn. The Berlin S-Bahn is a Rapid transit system operated by S-Bahn Berlin GmbH, a subsidiary of the Deutsche Bahn. The viaducts were checked and strengthened, and the tracks were bedded in concrete to improve durability and comfort. Concrete is a construction material composed of Cement (commonly Portland cement) as well as other cementitious materials such as Fly ash and Slag Almost all stations saw large financial investments and were thoroughly modernised. Long-distance traffic between Zoo and Ostbahnhof stations was interrupted during the construction period and the S-Bahn trains temporarily used the long-distance line. On March 24, 1998 the Stadtbahn was reopened, now carrying up to three ICE and IC lines as well as five RegionalExpress lines. Events 1401 - Mongol emperor Timur sacks Damascus. 1603 - James VI of Scotland Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) The InterCityExpress or ICE (German pronunciation) is a system of high-speed trains predominantly running in Germany and neighbouring countries InterCity (commonly abbreviated IC on timetables and tickets is the classification applied to certain long-distance Passenger train services in [8] Part of the Stadtbahn was realigned as part of the construction of the new Berlin Hauptbahnhof, with construction commencing in 2001 and completed in July 2002. or Berlin Central Station, is the main Railway station in Berlin, Germany and the largest crossing station in Europe. The realigned section consisted of two 450 m-long bridges spanning the station and the adjacent Humboldthafen port.
Until the summer of 2006, the Stadtbahn was the main thoroughfare for long-distance trains, which usually stopped at Zoologischer Garten and Ostbahnhof (which was renamed in 1998). When the new Hauptbahnhof opened on May 28, 2006, the importance of the line diminished slightly, as many trains now would use the new north-south line connected to the Hauptbahnhof. Events 585 BC - A Solar eclipse occurs as predicted by Greek philosopher and scientist Thales, while Alyattes is battling Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The remaining intercity trains on the Stadtbahn, mainly those heading toward Hanover and Cologne, now usually call at Hauptbahnhof and Ostbahnhof. Hanover (i ( haˈnoːfɐ on the river Leine, is the capital of the federal state of Lower Saxony ( Niedersachsen [9]
Further reading
- (German) Die Stadtbahn, Signal-Sonderausgabe, Berliner S-Bahn-Museum, Berlin 1996, Verlag GVE, ISBN 3-89218-046-6
References
- ^ (1882-02-25). Year 1882 ( MDCCCLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 138 - The Emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius, effectively making him his successor "Die Berliner Stadtbahn". . Illustrirte Zeitung
- ^ Elkins, Thomas Henry (1988). Berlin: Spatial Structure of a Divided City. Routledge, p. 114. ISBN 0416922201.
- ^ (1884). "Die Linienführung der Berliner Stadteisenbahn". . Zeitschrift für Bauwesen
- ^ (1932). "Fünfzig Jahre Berliner Stadtbahn". . Die Reichsbahn
- ^ (German) Bousset, Johannes (1935). Die Berliner U-Bahn. W. Ernst & Sohn, p. 140.
- ^ Katona, Marianna S. (2005). Tales from the Berlin Wall. Recollections of Frequent Crossings. . BoD, pp. 31-35. ISBN 3833404396.
- ^ Stations in Berlin, the railway capital (2006-09-23). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Retrieved on 2007-01-28. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1077 - Walk to Canossa: The Excommunication of Henry IV Holy Roman Emperor is lifted
- ^ (German) Wehling, Hans-Georg (2004). Die deutschen Länder: Geschichte, Politik, Wirtschaft. VS Verlag, p. 78. ISBN 353143229X.
- ^ (German) Staff writer (2006). Die Bahn am Ball. Deutsche Bahn AG, pp. 130-136.
External links
This article incorporates text translated from the corresponding German Wikipedia article as of 2007-01-28. History In 1871 eight main line railways existed in Berlin each with its own Terminal station at the city's edge or outside the city limits
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