| Berlin S-Bahn | |
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| Locale | Berlin |
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| Transit type | Rapid transit Regional rail |
| Began operation | 1924 |
| System length | 331 km (206 mi) |
| Number of lines | 15 |
| Number of stations | 166 |
| Track gauge | 1,435 mm (4 ft 8½ in) (standard gauge) |
| Operator(s) | S-Bahn Berlin GmbH |
The Berlin S-Bahn is a rapid transit system operated by S-Bahn Berlin GmbH, a subsidiary of the Deutsche Bahn. Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. A rapid transit, underground, subway, elevated railway or metro(politan system is an electric passenger railway Various terms are used for Passenger rail lines and equipment Rail gauge is the distance between the inner sides of the two parallel rails that make up a railway track. The standard gauge (also named the Stephenson gauge after George Stephenson, or Normal gauge) is a widely-used Rail gauge. Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. This article has been partially translated from the German Wikipedia article A rapid transit, underground, subway, elevated railway or metro(politan system is an electric passenger railway Deutsche Bahn AG ( DB AG, DBAG or DB) is the German national Railway company The Berlin S-Bahn consists of 15 lines and is integrated with the mostly underground U-Bahn to form the backbone of Berlin's rapid transport system. The Berlin de U-Bahn (de Untergrundbahn underground railway is a major part of the Public transport system of the German capital Berlin. Although the S- and U-Bahn are part of a unified fare system, they have different operators: the U-Bahn is run by BVG, the main public transit company for the city of Berlin.
The S-Bahn routes all feed into one of three core lines: a central, elevated east-west line (die Stadtbahn), a central, mostly underground north-south line (die Nord-Süd Bahn), and a circular, elevated line (die Ringbahn). Geographically, the Ringbahn takes the form of a dog's head and colloquially known to Berliners by that name (Hundekopf). Outside the Ringbahn, suburban routes radiate out in all directions.
Contents |
Current routings
- S1 Oranienburg ↔ Nord-Süd-Bahn ↔ Wannsee
- S2 Bernau ↔ Nord-Süd-Bahn ↔ Blankenfelde
- S25 Hennigsdorf ↔ Nord-Süd-Bahn ↔ Teltow Stadt
- S3 Ostbahnhof ↔ Erkner
- S41 Südkreuz - Ringbahn - Südkreuz (clockwise)
- S42 Südkreuz - Ringbahn - Südkreuz (anti-clockwise)
- S45 Berlin-Schönefeld International Airport ↔ Ringbahn ↔ Hermannstraße
- S46 Königs Wusterhausen ↔ Ringbahn ↔ Westend
- S47 Spindlersfeld ↔ Ringbahn ↔ Südkreuz ( ↔ Bundesplatz)
- S5 Strausberg Nord ↔ Stadtbahn ↔ Westkreuz
- S7 Ahrensfelde ↔ Stadtbahn ↔ Potsdam Hauptbahnhof
- S75 Wartenberg ↔ Stadtbahn ↔ Spandau
- S8 Hohen Neuendorf ↔ Ringbahn ↔ Grünau ( ↔ Zeuthen)
- S85 Waidmannslust ↔ Ringbahn ↔ Schöneweide ( ↔ Grünau)
- S9 Spandau ↔ Stadtbahn ↔ Berlin-Schönefeld International Airport
Generally speaking, the first digit of a route number designates the main route or a group of routes. Oranienburg (in German Bahnhof Oranienburg) is a Railway station in the city of Oranienburg, Germany. Berlin-Wannsee (in German Bahnhof Berlin-Wannsee) is a Railway station opened in 1874 which lies in the Wannsee district of Berlin, Germany Bernau bei Berlin (in German Bahnhof Bernau bei Berlin) is a Railway station in the city of Bernau bei Berlin, Germany. Berlin Ostbahnhof (translates from German as Berlin East Station) is a mainline Railway station in Berlin, Germany. Berlin Südkreuz (German Berlin South Cross is a Railway station in the German capital Berlin. Berlin Südkreuz (German Berlin South Cross is a Railway station in the German capital Berlin. Berlin Südkreuz (German Berlin South Cross is a Railway station in the German capital Berlin. Berlin Südkreuz (German Berlin South Cross is a Railway station in the German capital Berlin. Berlin-Schönefeld Airport () is an international airport located in the town of Schönefeld in Brandenburg, adjacent to Berlin 's southern border Hermannstraße is a Railway station in the Neukölln district of Berlin. Westend is a station in the Charlottenburg district of Berlin. Berlin Südkreuz (German Berlin South Cross is a Railway station in the German capital Berlin. Bundesplatz is a Railway station in the Wilmersdorf district of Berlin. Berlin Westkreuz is a station in the Charlottenburg district of Berlin. Berlin-Spandau is a Railway station situated in the Spandau district of Berlin, Germany located at the western end of the S-Bahn lines and. Hohen Neuendorf (in German S-Bahnhof Hohen Neuendorf) is a Railway station in the town of Hohen Neuendorf, Germany. Berlin-Waidmannslust (in German S-Bahnhof Berlin-Waidmannslust) is a Railway station in the neighbourhood of Waidmannslust, in the city of Berlin Berlin-Spandau is a Railway station situated in the Spandau district of Berlin, Germany located at the western end of the S-Bahn lines and. Berlin-Schönefeld Airport () is an international airport located in the town of Schönefeld in Brandenburg, adjacent to Berlin 's southern border Thus, S25 is a bifurcation of S2, while S41, S42, S45, S46, and S47 are all Ringbahn routes that share some of the same route.
Stations in brackets are serviced at certain times only (Monday - Friday during offpeak in the case of S47 and during peak in the case of S8 and S85).
Daytime and nighttime service
The normal daytime service runs fundamentally between 04:00 and 01:00 Monday - Friday, between 05:00 and 01:00 on Saturdays and between 06:30 and 01:00 on Sundays. However, there is a comprehensive nighttime service on most lines between 01:00 and 05:00 on Saturdays and 01:00 and 06:30 on Sundays, which means that most stations enjoy a continuous service between Friday morning and Sunday evening. The only exception to this is the section of the S8 between Blankenburg and Hohen Neuendorf which has no service during these times. Blankenburg is a Railway station in the Pankow district of Berlin. Hohen Neuendorf (in German S-Bahnhof Hohen Neuendorf) is a Railway station in the town of Hohen Neuendorf, Germany. Many other lines are totally unchanged in their operation, but some are curtailed or extended during nighttime service.
- S1, S2, S25, S41, S42, S75 Unchanged
- S45, S85 Do not run
- S3 Ostkreuz ↔ Erkner
- S46 Königs Wusterhausen ↔ Ringbahn ↔ Südkreuz
- S47 Spindlerfeld ↔ Schöneweide
- S5 Strausberge Nord ↔ Stadtbahn ↔ Potsdam Hbf
- S7 Ahrensfelde ↔ Lichtenberg
- S8 Pankow ↔ Ringbahn ↔ Grünau
- S9 Warschauer Straße ↔ Flughafen Schönefeld
History
Pre-War
The S-Bahn came into existence in 1924. Ostkreuz ( German for "East Cross" is a station on the Berlin S-Bahn Suburban railway, and one of the busiest in all Berlin Südkreuz (German Berlin South Cross is a Railway station in the German capital Berlin. Berlin-Lichtenberg is a railway station in the Lichtenberg district of Berlin Pankow is a station at the railway line from Berlin to Szczecin, situated in Berlin's Pankow district Warschauer Straße is a S-Bahn and U-Bahn station located in the Friedrichshain locality of central Berlin, Germany. Berlin-Schönefeld Airport () is an international airport located in the town of Schönefeld in Brandenburg, adjacent to Berlin 's southern border It was formed as the network of suburban commuter railways running into Berlin was converted from steam operation to a third-rail electric railway. A third rail is a method of providing Electricity to power a railway through a continuous rigid conductor alongside the railway track or between the rails The resulting network was primarily above-ground but with some subsurface tunnels. A tunnel is an underground passageway The definition of what constitutes a tunnel is not universally agreed upon
Services on the Berlin S-Bahn were at first provided by the German national railway, the Deutsche Reichsbahn. The Deutsche Reichsbahn ( DR, "German Reich Railway" – was the name of the German national railway created from the railways of the individual Electrification of the existing suburban lines was completed around 1929, and thoughts turned to a new project: a tunnel that would join two spur lines that protruded into the city centre from the north and south. This tunnel, to be known as the Nord Süd Bahn, was a prestige project for the Nazis, and was opened in two sections. Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German The first, from the north to Unter den Linden, opened in time for the 1936 Berlin Olympics; the final section, via Potsdamer Platz, opened the month after the Second World War began, in October 1939. Unter den Linden ("under the linden trees" is a Boulevard in the centre of Berlin, the capital of Germany. The 1936 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XI Olympiad, an International Multi-sport event which was held in 1936 in Berlin ( English Potsdam Square, is an important Public square and traffic intersection in the centre of Berlin, Germany, lying about one kilometre World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including
During and after World War II
Many sections of the S-Bahn were closed during the war due to enemy action. The Nord Süd Bahn tunnel was flooded on 2 May 1945 by retreating SS troops during the final Battle of Berlin. Events 1194 - King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar The ( German for "Protective Squadron" abbreviated SS - or ( Runic)- was a major Nazi organization under Adolf Hitler and the For the bombing campaign on Berlin by the RAF from November 1943 to March 1944 see Battle of Berlin (air. The exact number of casualties is not known, but up to 200 persons are presumed to have perished, since the tunnel was used as a public shelter and also served to house military wounded in trains in underground sidings. Service through the tunnel commenced again in 1947.
After hostilities ceased in 1945, Berlin was given special status as a "Four Sector City," surrounded by the Russian Occupation Zone, which later became the German Democratic Republic (GDR). The German Democratic Republic ( GDR; Deutsche Demokratische Republik DDR; commonly known in English as East Germany) was a Socialist state The Allies had decided that S-Bahn service in the western sectors of Berlin should continue to be provided by the Reichsbahn (DR), which was by now the provider of railway services in East Germany. Deutsche Reichsbahn or DR (German Reich Railways was the national Railway of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany (Rail services in West Germany proper were provided by the new Deutsche Bundesbahn. West Germany ( Inf German: Westdeutschland or West-Deutschland) was the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany ( The Deutsche Bundesbahn or DB (German Federal Railway was formed as the state railway of the newly established Federal Republic of Germany (FRG on September )
Cold War
As relations between East and West began to sour with the coming of the Cold War, the Berlin S-Bahn soon became a victim of the hostilities. Cold War is the state of conflict tension and competition that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR and their respective allies from the Although services continued operating through all occupation sectors, checkpoints were constructed on the borders to East Berlin and on-board "customs checks" were carried out on trains. From 1958 onwards, some S-Bahn trains ran non-stop through the western sectors from stations in East Berlin to stations on outlying sections in East Germany, so as to avoid the need for such controls. From this point onwards, all East German government employees were forbidden to use the S-Bahn as it travelled through West Berlin.
The western sectors of the city were physically cut off from East Germany on 13 August 1961 by what was later called the Berlin Wall, in a well-prepared plan to separate the two halves of the city – and at the same time, to divide the Berlin public transit network into two separate systems. Events 3114 BC - According to the Lounsbury correlation the start of the Maya calendar. Year 1961 ( MCMLXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Berlin Wall (Berliner Mauer was a physical barrier separating West Berlin from the German Democratic Republic (GDR ( East Germany) including Stadtbahn services were curtailed from both directions at the Friedrichstraße station. (bɛɐˈliːn ˈfʀiːdʀɪçˌʃtʀaːsə is a Railway station in the German city Berlin. This station was divided into two physically separated areas, one for eastern passengers and one for westerners. Although the station lay within East Berlin, western passengers could transfer between S-Bahn lines or to the U-Bahn without passing through border checks, much like passengers changing planes at an international airport. The GDR also operated an Intershop in the western portion of the station, where persons arriving from West Berlin (again without passing through border controls) could buy luxury goods such as tobacco and alcoholic beverages at discounted prices (compared to prices in West Berlin), provided they paid in hard currency, owing in part to the fact that Intershop customers did not pay West German taxes on their purchases. Intershop was a chain of government-run retail stores in the German Democratic Republic (GDR East Germany in which only hard currencies (and later Hard currency or strong currency, in Economics refers to a globally traded Currency that can serve as a reliable and stable Store of value. The West Berlin authorities were aware of this situation but did not impose stringent customs controls on such purchases out of political considerations. The Friedrichstraße station also become the main entry point for train and subway riders from West Berlin into East Berlin. West Berlin was the name given to the western part of Berlin between 1949 and 1990 East Berlin was the name given to the eastern part of Berlin between 1949 and 1990 Service on the Nord Süd Bahn was operated for western passengers only. It passed through a relatively short stretch under East Berlin territory in the city centre, and trains did not stop at the underground East Berlin S-Bahn stations, which were called ghost stations. Ghost stations is the usual English translation for the German word Geisterbahnhöfe. Similarly, the Ringbahn services in the north of the city were curtailed at Gesundbrunnen from the west and Schönhauser Allee from the east, and in the south-east of the city at Sonnenallee and Köllnische Heide from the west and Treptower Park and Baumschulenweg from the East.
Because the S-Bahn was operated by the DR, West Berliners vented their frustration at the building of the wall by boycotting it since its fares were seen as subsidising the communist regime in the East. is a large open square and public transport hub in the Berlin district of Mitte in the city centre near the river Spree and the Berliner Dom Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based "Keinen Pfennig mehr für Ulbricht," or "no pennies for Ulbricht," became the S-Bahn opponents' chant. Walter Ulbricht ( June 30, 1893 &ndash August 1, 1973) was a German Communist politician Within days of the Berlin Wall being built, the BVG, with assistance from other transit companies in West Germany, began providing "solidarity with Berlin buses" – new bus services which paralleled the S-Bahn lines and therefore provided an alternative. After many years of declining passenger usage and difficult industrial relations between the West Berlin workforce and their East Berlin employers, most of the western portion of the S-Bahn was closed down in September 1980 following a strike. A 20-minute service was still provided on the Stadtbahn from Westkreuz to Friedrichstraße as well as services on the Nord-Süd Bahn between Frohnau, Friedrichstraße, Lichtenrade or Wannsee.
By contrast, during the same period, services on the S-Bahn in East Berlin were increased and new lines built as housing projects expanded eastward from the city centre. With most of the U-Bahn located in West Berlin, the S-Bahn became the backbone of the East Berlin transit network.
The 1980 incidents turned media and political attention towards what was left of West Berlin's S-Bahn network. The city government decided to enter negotiations with East Germany which were finally successful. On 9 January 1984, the BVG took over the responsibility for operation of S-Bahn services in West Berlin. Events 475 - Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople. Year 1984 ( MCMLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1984 Gregorian calendar) After further closedowns that same day, a limited service was restored, initially comprising only two short sections without direct interchange between them. In the years between 1984 and 1989, several sections were gradually reopened, resulting in a network of 71 km and three lines - with one line running on the Stadtbahn and two on the Nord Süd Bahn - comprising of about 50% of West Berlin's original network. This development brought West Berlin's S-Bahn back into the public awareness and restored its popularity.
Reunification
After the Berlin Wall came down in November 1989, the first broken links had been re-established with Friedrichstraße on July 1, 1990 as the earliest. The Berlin Wall (Berliner Mauer was a physical barrier separating West Berlin from the German Democratic Republic (GDR ( East Germany) including The BVG (initially of West Berlin, and after January 1, 1992, of the whole reunified Berlin) and DR cooperated intensively by jointly marketing the services. Administratively, the divided S-Bahn networks remained separate although the dividing line was no longer the former Berlin Wall. DR and BVG operated individual lines end to end, both into the "foreign" territory of the other side. For example, S2 was all-BVG even after it was extended northward and southward into Brandenburg/former GDR territory. The main east-west route (Stadtbahn) was a joint operation. Individual trains were operated by either BVG or DR end-to-end on the same tracks. This ended on January 1, 1994 with the creation of Deutsche Bahn as a result of the merger of DR and the former West Germany's Deutsche Bundesbahn. Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) Deutsche Bahn AG ( DB AG, DBAG or DB) is the German national Railway company The Deutsche Bundesbahn or DB (German Federal Railway was formed as the state railway of the newly established Federal Republic of Germany (FRG on September All S-Bahn operations in Berlin were transferred to the newly formed S-Bahn Berlin GmbH and BVG no longer runs any S-Bahn services.
On the engineering level, a number of projects followed in the steps of re-establishing broken links in order to restore the former S-Bahn network to its 1961 status after 1990, especially the Ringbahn. In December 1997 the connection between Neukölln and Treptower Park via Sonnenallee was reopened, enabling S4 trains to run 75% of the whole ring between Schönhauser Allee and Jungfernheide. On 16 June 2002, the section Gesundbrunnen - Westhafen also reopened, re-establishing the Ringbahn operations.
Condensed history of Berlin S-Bahn route numbering
Until 1984, all Berlin S-Bahn routes were allocated letters as a means of identifying the route of the train. These letters were occasionally followed by Roman numerals to indicate a shortworking or bifurcation in the service (e. g. , A, BI, BII, C,) and are still used internally by the Berlin S-Bahn GmbH for timetabling and in conjunction with radio call-signs to each train unit. When the BVG took over the responsibility for operation of S-Bahn services in West Berlin in 1984, it introduced a new unified numbering scheme for both the S-Bahn and the U-Bahn, which it also operated. Existing U-Bahn route numbers were prefixed with the letter U, while the new S-Bahn route numbers were prefixed with the letter S. This system of numbering routes was used in all other West German cities, and was extended to the S-Bahn service for the whole city after reunification.
Compare U-Bahn Line Numbering
See also
External links
The Berlin de U-Bahn (de Untergrundbahn underground railway is a major part of the Public transport system of the German capital Berlin. This is a list of rapid transit systems around the world Such systems are commonly called metros subways elevated railways rapid rail or underground railwaysDapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic