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City of Berkeley
Berkeley looking northwest as seen from the Claremont Canyon Regional Preserve.
Berkeley looking northwest as seen from the Claremont Canyon Regional Preserve. Claremont Canyon Regional Preserve is a small Regional park mainly located in the city of Oakland California, and
The City of Berkeley highlighted within Alameda County.
The City of Berkeley highlighted within Alameda County. Alameda County is a county in the US state of California. It occupies most of the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area.
Coordinates: 37°52′13″N 122°16′05″W / 37.87028, -122.26806
Country United States
State California
County Alameda
Incorporated April 4, 1878
Government
 - Mayor Tom Bates
 - State Senate Don Perata (D)
 - State Assembly Loni Hancock (D)
 - U. S. Congress Barbara Lee (D)
Area
 - Total 17. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A US state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of the United States of America that share Sovereignty with the federal government California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. The US state of California is divided into fifty-eight counties. Alameda County is a county in the US state of California. It occupies most of the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area. A municipal corporation is the legal term for a local governing body, including (but not necessarily limited to cities, counties, Towns Events 1581 - Francis Drake completes a circumnavigation of the world and is knighted by Elizabeth I. Year 1878 ( MDCCCLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government For the gunpowder plot conspirator see Thomas Bates. Thomas H The California State Legislature is the state legislature of the U Don Richard Perata (born April 30, 1945) is a California Democratic politician, who is the current President Pro tempore The California Democratic Party is the local branch of the Democratic Party in the state of California. The California State Assembly is the Lower house of the California State Legislature. Loni Hancock (born 1941 is currently serving in her third term as the representative of California State Assembly District 14 California's 9th congressional district covers a significant portion of the East Bay portion of the San Francisco Bay Area. Barbara Jean Lee (born July 16 1946) is an American politician and has been a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 7 sq mi (45. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. 9 km²)
 - Land 10. To help compare different Orders of magnitude and geographical regions we list here areas between 100 km² and 1000 km² 5 sq mi (27. 1 km²)
 - Water 7. 2 sq mi (18. 8 km²)
Elevation 0–1,320 ft (0–400 m)
Population (2000)
 - Total 102,743
 - Density 9,823. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 3/sq mi (3,792. 5/km²)
Time zone PST (UTC−8)
 - Summer (DST) PDT (UTC−7)
ZIP code 94701–94710, 94712, 94720
Area code(s) 510
FIPS code 06-06000
GNIS feature ID 1658037
Website: http://www.ci.berkeley.ca.us

Berkeley is a city on the east shore of San Francisco Bay in Northern California, in the United States. The Pacific Time Zone observes Standard time by subtracting eight hours from Coordinated Universal Time ( UTC-8) UTC−8 is a band of Timezones separated from the Universal Coordinated Time by 8 hours Daylight saving time ( DST The Pacific Time Zone observes Standard time by subtracting eight hours from Coordinated Universal Time ( UTC-8) UTC−7 can be observed in Mountain Standard Time Zone Pacific Daylight Time Zone Canada The ZIP code is the system of Postal codes used by the United States Postal Service (USPS A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks North American area code 510 is a California Telephone Area code which covers most eastern Bay Area cities in Alameda County (except Federal Information Processing Standards ( FIPS) are publicly announced standards developed by the United States Federal government for use by all non-military The Geographic Names Information System ( GNIS) is a database that contains name and locative information about more than two million physical and cultural features located throughout San Francisco Bay is a shallow productive Estuary through which water draining from approximately forty percent of California, flowing in the Sacramento Northern California is the northern portion of the US state of California. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Its neighbors to the south are the cities of Oakland and Emeryville. Oakland (ˈoʊklənd founded in 1852 is the eighth-largest city in the U Emeryville is a small city located in Alameda County California, in the United States. To the north is the city of Albany and the unincorporated community of Kensington. Albany is a city in Alameda County, California, United States. In Law, an unincorporated area is a region of land that is not a part of any Municipality. Kensington is an Unincorporated community and Census-designated place located in the East Bay, part of the San Francisco Bay Area, in The eastern city limits coincide with the county line (bordering Contra Costa County) which generally follows the ridge line of the Berkeley Hills. Contra Costa County ( Spanish for "opposite coast" is a suburban county in the San Francisco Bay Area of the U The Berkeley Hills are a range of the Pacific Coast Ranges which overlook the northeast side of the Valley in which San Francisco Bay Berkeley is located in northern Alameda County. Alameda County is a county in the US state of California. It occupies most of the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area.

Berkeley is the site of the University of California, Berkeley, the oldest campus of the University of California system, and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Lawrence Hall of Science, Space Sciences Laboratory, and Mathematical Sciences Research Institute, which are on the campus grounds. The University of California Berkeley (also referred to as Cal, Berkeley and UC Berkeley) is a major research university located in Berkeley The University of California ( UC) is a Public university system in the state of California. The Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory ( LBNL) is a U The Lawrence Hall of Science (LHS is a public science center featuring hands-on exhibits and activities The Samuel Silver Space Sciences Laboratory (SSL is an Organized Research Unit of the University of California The Mathematical Sciences Research Institute (MSRI, founded in 1982, is a mathematical research institution whose funding sources include the National The city is noted as one of the most politically liberal in the nation, with one study placing it as the third most liberal city in the United States. Modern liberalism in the United States, also referred to as American liberalism, is a political ideology that seeks to use the power of the state to effect change upon society [1]

Contents

History

Early history

The site of today's City of Berkeley was the territory of the Chochen/Huichin band of the Ohlone people when the first Europeans arrived. The Ohlone people also known as the Costanoan and as the Muwekma, are the indigenous people of Northern California who have lived in the Remnants of their existence in the area include pits in various rock formations which were used to grind acorns from oak trees, and a shellmound now mostly leveled and covered up along the shoreline of San Francisco Bay at the mouth of Strawberry Creek. The term oak can be used as part of the common name of any of about 400 species of Trees and Shrubs in the Genus Quercus (from Latin A midden, also known as a kitchen midden, or a shell heap, is a dump for domestic waste. San Francisco Bay is a shallow productive Estuary through which water draining from approximately forty percent of California, flowing in the Sacramento Strawberry Creek is the principal Watercourse running through the city of Berkeley California. Other artifacts were discovered in the 1950s in the downtown area during the remodeling of a commercial building, near the upper course of the creek. Downtown Berkeley is the Central business district of the city of Berkeley California, United States centered around the intersection of Shattuck Avenue and Center

The first people of European ancestry (most of whom were actually of mixed ancestry and born in America) arrived with the De Anza Expedition of 1776, which is today noted by signage on Interstate 80 which runs along the San Francisco Bay shoreline of Berkeley. Juan Bautista de Anza Bezerra Nieto (July 1736 - December 19, 1788) was a Novo-Spanish explorer for the Spanish Empire. In the US state of California, Interstate 80, a major east-west route of the Interstate Highway System, has its western terminus in San Francisco The De Anza Expedition resulted in the establishment of the Spanish Presidio of San Francisco at the entrance to San Francisco Bay (the "Golden Gate") which is due west of Berkeley. The Presidio of San Francisco (originally El Presidio Real de San Francisco or Royal Presidio of San Francisco) is a park on the northern tip of the San The Golden Gate is the North American Strait connecting San Francisco Bay to the Pacific Ocean. Among the soldiers serving at the Presidio was Luís Peralta. Don Luís María Peralta (b 1759 Sonora, New Spain; d August 26, 1851) was a soldier in the Spanish Army who received For his services to the King of Spain, he was granted a vast extent of land on the east shore of San Francisco Bay (the contra costa, "opposite shore") for a ranch, including that portion which now comprises the City of Berkeley.

Luís Peralta named his holding "Rancho San Antonio". Rancho San Antonio, also known as the Peralta Grant, was a 44800 Acre (181 Km²) Land grant by Governor Pablo Vicente de Solá, the The primary activity of the ranch was the raising of cattle for meat and hides, but hunting and farming were also pursued. Eventually, he gave portions of his ranch to each of his four sons. Most of the portion that is now Berkeley was the domain of his son Domingo, the rest being held by his son Vicente. No artifact survives of the ranches of Domingo or Vicente, although their names have been preserved in the naming of Berkeley streets (Vicente, Domingo, and Peralta). However, the legal title to all land in the City of Berkeley remains based on the original Peralta land grant.

The Peraltas' Rancho San Antonio continued after Alta California passed from Spanish to Mexican sovereignty as a result of the Mexican War of Independence. Alta California (Upper California was formed in 1804 when the Province of the Californias, then a part of the Commandancy General of the Provincias Internas in the The Mexican War of Independence (1810 - 1821 was an armed conflict between the people of Mexico and Spanish colonial authorities which started on September 16 1810 However, the advent of U. S. sovereignty as a result of the Mexican–American War, and especially, the Gold Rush, saw the Peralta's lands quickly encroached on by squatters and diminished by dubious legal proceedings. The California Gold Rush (1848&ndash1855 began on January 24 1848 when Gold was discovered by James Marshall at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California Squatting is the act of occupying an abandoned or unoccupied space or Building that the squatter does not own rent or otherwise have permission to use The lands of the brothers Domingo and Vicente were quickly reduced to reservations close to their respective ranch homes. The rest of the land was surveyed and parceled out to various American claimants.

Politically, the area that became Berkeley was initially part of a vast Contra Costa County. Contra Costa County ( Spanish for "opposite coast" is a suburban county in the San Francisco Bay Area of the U On March 25, 1853, Alameda County was created by division of Contra Costa County, as well as a small portion of Santa Clara County. Events 1199 - Richard I is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting France which leads to his death on April 6. Year 1853 ( MDCCCLIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Santa Clara County is a County located in the San Francisco Bay Area of the U

The area of Berkeley was at this period mostly a mix of open land, farms and ranches, with a small though busy wharf by the bay. It was not yet "Berkeley", but merely the northern part of the "Oakland Township" subdivision of Alameda County.

Late 1800s

In 1866, the private College of California located in the city of Oakland sought out a new site. The College of California was the predecessor of the University of California. It settled on a location north of Oakland along the foot of the Contra Costa Hills (later called the Berkeley Hills) astride Strawberry Creek, at an elevation about 500 ft (150 m) above the bay, commanding a fantastic view of the Bay Area and the Pacific Ocean through the Golden Gate.

According to the Centennial Record of the University of California, "In 1866…at Founders' Rock, a group of College of California men were watching two ships standing out to sea through the Golden Gate. On the corner of Hearst Avenue and Gayley Road in Berkeley California, lies the Founders' Rock, the spot according to college lore where the 12 Trustees of the The Golden Gate is the North American Strait connecting San Francisco Bay to the Pacific Ocean. One of them, Frederick Billings, was reminded of the lines of the (Irish Anglican) Bishop Berkeley, 'westward the course of empire takes its way,' and suggested that the town and college site be named for the eighteenth-century Irish philosopher and poet. Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world Anglicanism is a tradition of Christian faith Churches in this tradition either have historical connections to the Church of England or have similar beliefs George Berkeley (ˈbɑrkli (12 March 1685 14 January 1753 also known as Bishop Berkeley, was a Philosopher. "

The College of California's "College Homestead Association" planned to raise funds for their new campus by selling off parcels of land adjacent to it. To this end, they laid out a plat and street grid which became the basis of Berkeley's modern street plan. Their plans fell far short of their desires, and collaboration was then begun with the State of California, culminating in 1868 with the creation of the public University of California. The University of California ( UC) is a Public university system in the state of California.

As construction began on the new site, more residences began to be constructed in the vicinity of the new campus. At the same time, a settlement of residences, saloons, and various industries had also been growing up around the wharf on the bayshore called "Ocean View". West Berkeley is generally the area of Berkeley California which lies west of San Pablo Avenue, abutting San Francisco Bay. A horsecar line was constructed out from Temescal in Oakland along what is today's Telegraph Avenue to the university campus. A horsecar was an animal-powered Streetcar or Tram. The first passenger services in the world were started by the Oystermouth Railway in Temescal is one of the oldest Neighborhoods in the northern section of Oakland California. Telegraph Avenue is a Street that begins at its southernmost point in the midst of the historic downtown district of Oakland California and ends

By the 1870s the Transcontinental Railroad had reached its terminus in Oakland. Transcontinental Railroad is a Railroad that crosses a Continent from "coast-to-coast" In 1876, a branch line of the Central Pacific Railroad, the Berkeley Branch Railroad, was laid from Oakland into what is now downtown Berkeley. The Central Pacific Railroad was the California-to-Utah portion of the First Transcontinental Railroad in North America The Berkeley Branch Railroad was a long branch line of the Central Pacific Railroad (CPRR from a junction in what later became Emeryville called " Shellmound Downtown Berkeley is the Central business district of the city of Berkeley California, United States centered around the intersection of Shattuck Avenue and Center That same year, the main line of the transcontinental railroad into Oakland was re-routed, putting the right-of-way along the bay shore through Ocean View.

In 1878, the people of Ocean View and the area around the University campus, together with the local farmers, incorporated themselves as the Town of Berkeley. The first elected trustees of the town were the slate of Dennis Kearney's Workingman's Party who were particularly favored in the working class area of the former Ocean View, now called "West Berkeley". Dennis Kearney (1847&ndash1907 was a California Populist political leader in the late 19th century known for his nativist and Racist views The Workingman's Party was a California labor organization led by Dennis Kearney in the 1870s The area near the university became known as "East Berkeley".

The modern age came quickly to Berkeley, no doubt due to the influence of the university. Electric lights were in use by 1888. " Electric Light " is a song by Infernal, scheduled to be their next single after " Whenever You Need Me " off their album Electric The telephone had already come to town. Basic principle A traditional landline telephone system also known as "plain old telephone service" (POTS, commonly handles both signaling and audio information Electric streetcars soon replaced the horsecar. A tram, tramcar, trolley, trolley car, or streetcar is a railborne vehicle, of lighter weight and construction than a Train A horsecar was an animal-powered Streetcar or Tram. The first passenger services in the world were started by the Oystermouth Railway in A silent film of one of these early streetcars in Berkeley can be seen at the Library of Congress website: "A Trip To Berkeley, California"

Early 20th century

Berkeley's slow growth ended abruptly with the Great San Francisco Earthquake of 1906. The Library of Congress is the De facto National library of the United States and the research arm of the United States Congress The town and other parts of the East Bay somehow managed to escape even moderate damage from the massive temblor, and hundreds if not thousands of refugees flowed across the Bay. In 1909, the citizens of Berkeley adopted a new charter, and the Town of Berkeley became the City of Berkeley. Rapid growth continued right up to the Crash of 1929. The Wall Street Crash of 1929, also known as the ’29 Crash, the Crash of 1929, the Great Crash of 1929, the Great Crash of October 1929 The Great Depression hit Berkeley hard, but not as hard as many other places in the U. S. thanks in part to the University.

On September 17, 1923, a major fire swept down the hills toward the University campus and the downtown section. Events 1176 - The Battle of Myriokephalon is fought 1462 - The Battle of Świecino (or Battle of Żarnowiec Year 1923 ( MCMXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The 1923 Berkeley Fire was a Conflagration which consumed some 640 structures including 584 homes in the densely-built neighborhoods north of the campus of the University Some 640 structures burned before a late afternoon sea breeze stopped its progress, allowing firefighters to put it out.

The next big growth occurred with the advent of World War II when large numbers of people moved into the Bay Area to work in the many war industries, such as the immense Kaiser Shipyards in nearby Richmond. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The Kaiser Shipyards were seven major shipbuilding yards located on the U Richmond (ˈɹɪtʃmənd is a city in western Contra Costa County, California, United States. One who moved out, but played a big role in the outcome of the War was U. C. Professor and Berkeley resident J. Robert Oppenheimer. During the war, an Army base, Camp Ashby, was temporarily sited in Berkeley. Camp Ashby was a temporary US Army installation sited in Berkeley California during World War II.

The 1950s and 1960s

The postwar years saw moderate growth of the City, but events on the U. C. campus began to build up to the recognizable activism of the sixties. In the 1950s, McCarthyism induced the University to demand a loyalty oath from its professors, many of whom refused to sign any such oath on the principle of freedom of thought. McCarthyism is a term describing the intense anti-communist suspicion in the United States in a period that lasted roughly from the late 1940s to the late 1950s In 1960, a U. S. House committee (HUAC) came to San Francisco to investigate the influence of communists in the Bay Area. The House Committee on Un-American Activities ( HUAC or HCUA 1938–1975 was an investigative committee of the United States House of Representatives. Their inquisition was met by protesters, including many from the University. Meanwhile, a number of U. C. students became active in support of the Civil Rights Movement. See also Protests of 1968 Historically the civil rights movement was a concentrated period of time around the world of approximately twenty years (1960-1980 in Finally, the University in 1964 provoked a massive student protest by banning the distribution of political literature on campus. This protest became known as the Free Speech Movement. The Free Speech Movement (FSM was a Student protest which took place during the 1964-1965 school year on the campus of the University of California Berkeley under As the Vietnam War rapidly escalated in the ensuing years, so did student activism at the University, particularly that organized by the Vietnam Day Committee. The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War, or the Vietnam Conflict, occurred in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia The Vietnam Day Committee ( VDC) was a coalition of left-wing political groups student groups labour organizations and pacifist religions in the United States of America

The late sixties would become the time period for which Berkeley is most identified, even today, in the memories of Americans who were alive at the time. In that period, Berkeley—especially Telegraph Avenue—became a focal point of the hippie movement, spilling over the Bay from San Francisco. The Hippie Subculture was originally a Youth movement that began in the United States during the early 1960s and spread around the world Hippies were apolitical drop-outs, rather than students, but in the heady atmosphere of Berkeley in 1967–1969 there was considerable overlap of the hippie movement and the radical left. Perhaps the crowning event of the Berkeley Sixties scene was the conflict over a parcel of University property south of the contiguous campus site which came to be called "People's Park". People's Park in Berkeley California, USA is a park off Telegraph Avenue, bounded by Haste and Bowditch Streets and Dwight Way near the University

People's Park with high-rise student housing in the background
People's Park with high-rise student housing in the background

The battle over the disposition of People's Park resulted in a month-long occupation of Berkeley by the National Guard on orders of then-Governor Ronald Reagan. For the National Guard of a State and other countries' National Guard see National Guard. In the end, the park remained undeveloped, and remains so today. A spin-off "People's Park Annex" was established at the same time by activist citizens of Berkeley on a strip of land above the Bay Area Rapid Transit subway construction along Hearst Avenue northwest of the U. C. campus. The land had also been intended for development, but was peacefully turned over to the City and is now Ohlone Park. Ohlone Park is a public park in the city of Berkeley California, situated on a strip of land along the north side of Hearst Avenue between Martin Luther King Jr

1970s to present

The 1970s saw a decline in the population of Berkeley, partly due to an exodus to the suburbs. Some moved because of the rising cost of living throughout the Bay Area, and others because of the decline and disappearance of many industries in West Berkeley.

The period from the 1980s right up to the present has been marked by a continuation of rising costs, particularly with respect to housing, especially since the mid-1990s. In 2005–2007, sales of homes began slowing, but average home prices were, and as of 2008 remain, among the highest in the nation. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common

Although many think of the 1960s as the heyday of liberalism in Berkeley, it remains one of the most overwhelmingly Democratic cities in the United States.

The era of large public protest in Berkeley waned considerably with the end of the Vietnam War in 1974. One person who rose in prominence during the late sixties and into the seventies was Ron Dellums, nephew of C.L. Dellums, an African American labor leader. Ronald Vernie "Ron" Dellums (born November 24 1935 is the current Mayor of Oakland, California Cottrell Laurence “C L” Dellums was one of the organizers and leaders of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters. He first served on the Berkeley City Council, and later became a federal representative for the district which includes Berkeley. He was elected as Mayor of Oakland in 2006.

Also in 2006, a tree sit-in began, protesting the construction of a new sports center annex to Memorial Stadium at the expense of a grove of oak trees on the UC campus. The protest continues in early 2008. PortalCurrent events International holidays January 1 - New Year's Day January 1 - Independence

In 2007–08, demonstrations against a Marine Corps recruiting office in downtown Berkeley were ongoing, receiving special media attention after the City Council proposed to draft an anti-recruiting letter to the Marines. (See Berkeley Marine Corps Recruiting Center controversy)

Geography

Berkeley is located at 37°52′18″N, 122°16′29″W (37. The Berkeley Marine Corps Recruiting Center Controversy began in September 2007 when a small group of protesters from Code Pink began periodically protesting in front of a 871775, −122. 274603)[2].

View of Berkeley and the San Francisco Bay from LBNL.
View of Berkeley and the San Francisco Bay from LBNL. The Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory ( LBNL) is a U
View of Berkeley and the San Francisco Bay at nightfall.
View of Berkeley and the San Francisco Bay at nightfall.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 17. The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census 7 sq mi (46 km²). 10. 5 sq mi (27 km²) of it is land and 7. 2 sq mi (19 km²) of it (40. 9%) is water, most of it part of San Francisco Bay. San Francisco Bay is a shallow productive Estuary through which water draining from approximately forty percent of California, flowing in the Sacramento

Berkeley borders the cities of Albany, Oakland, and Emeryville and unincorporated Contra Costa County including Kensington as well as San Francisco Bay.

Berkeley lies within telephone area code 510 (historically, part of 415), and the postal ZIP codes are 94701 through 94710, 94712, and 94720 for the University of California campus. A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks The ZIP code is the system of Postal codes used by the United States Postal Service (USPS

Geology

Most of Berkeley lies on a rolling sedimentary plain, rising gently from sea level to the base of the Berkeley Hills. The Berkeley Hills are a range of the Pacific Coast Ranges which overlook the northeast side of the Valley in which San Francisco Bay From there, the land rises dramatically. The highest peak along the ridge line above Berkeley is Grizzly Peak, elevation 1,754 ft (535 m). Grizzly Peak is a summit in the Berkeley Hills above Berkeley California. A number of small creeks run from the hills to the Bay through Berkeley: Codornices, Schoolhouse, Marin and Strawberry are the principal streams. Codornices Creek (sometimes spelled Cordonices Creek The name derives from the Spanish word " codornices " meaning "quails" Schoolhouse Creek is the name of a creek which flows through the city of Berkeley California in the San Francisco Bay Area. Strawberry Creek is the principal Watercourse running through the city of Berkeley California. Most of these are largely culverted once they reach the plain west of the hills.

The Berkeley Hills are part of the Pacific Coast Ranges, and run in a northwest–southeast alignment. The Pacific Coast Ranges are the series of Mountain ranges that stretch along the west coast of North America from Alaska to northern and central Mexico In Berkeley, the hills consist mainly of a soft, crumbly rock with outcroppings of harder material of old (and extinct) volcanic origin. These rhyolite formations can be seen in several city parks and in the yards of a number of private residences. This page is about a volcanic rock For the ghost town see Rhyolite Nevada, and for the satellite system see Rhyolite/Aquacade. One such park is Indian Rock Park in the northeastern part of Berkeley near the Arlington/Marin Circle. Indian Rock Park is a 118-acre public park in the city of Berkeley California, on the slope of the Berkeley Hills.

Berkeley is traversed by the Hayward Fault, a major branch of the San Andreas Fault to the west. The Hayward Fault Zone is a Geologic fault zone capable of generating significantly destructive Earthquakes About 60 kilometers long it lies mainly along the The San Andreas Fault is a geologic Transform fault that runs a length of roughly 800 miles (1300 km through California in the United States. No large earthquake has occurred on the Hayward Fault near Berkeley in historic times (except possibly in 1836), but seismologists warn about the geologic record of large temblors several times in the deeper past, and their current assessment is that a quake of 6. 5 or greater is imminent, sometime within the next 30 years.

In 1868, a large earthquake did occur on the southern segment of the Hayward Fault [1] in the vicinity of today's city of Hayward (hence, how the fault got its name). Hayward ( is a city located in the East Bay in Alameda County. This quake destroyed the county seat of Alameda County then located in San Leandro and it was subsequently moved to Oakland. San Leandro is a city in Alameda County, California, United States. It was strongly felt in San Francisco, causing major damage, and experienced by one Samuel Clemens (also known as Mark Twain). Samuel Langhorne Clemens (November 30 1835 – April 21 1910 better known by the Pen name Mark Twain, was an American Humorist, satirist [2] It was regarded as the "Great San Francisco Quake" prior to 1906. The quake produced a furrow in the ground along the fault line in Berkeley, across the grounds of the new State Asylum for the Deaf, Dumb and Blind then under construction which was noted by one early University of California professor. The California School for the Blind is a public educational institution for blind children K-12 located in Fremont California. Although no significant damage was reported to most of the few buildings which then existed in Berkeley, the 1868 quake did destroy the vulnerable adobe home of Domingo Peralta in north Berkeley. [3]

Today, the Hayward Fault can be seen "creeping" at various locations in Berkeley, although since it cuts across the base of the hills, this creep is typically concealed by and confused with slide activity. Some of this slide activity however is itself the result of the Hayward Fault's slow movement. Springs and sharp perpendicular jogs of streams are another sign of the fault's location and movement.

One notorious segment of the Hayward Fault runs lengthwise right down the middle of Memorial Stadium at the mouth of Strawberry Canyon on the campus of the University of California. Photos and measurements show the movement of the fault through the stadium.

Climate

Berkeley has a Mediterranean climate, with dry summers and wet winters as is typical in the Mediterranean region, but with a cool modification in summer thanks to upwelling ocean currents along the California coast, which help to produce cool, foggy days. A Mediterranean climate is one that resembles the Climate of the lands in the Mediterranean Basin, which includes over half of the area with this climate type world-wide Upwelling is an oceanographic phenomenon that involves wind-driven motion of dense cooler and usually nutrient-rich water towards the ocean surface replacing the warmer Berkeley's position directly opposite the Golden Gate ensures that typical eastward fog movement will blanket the city more often than its southerly or northerly neighbors. The Golden Gate is the North American Strait connecting San Francisco Bay to the Pacific Ocean. [4]

Winter is punctuated with rainstorms of varying ferocity and duration, but also produces stretches of bright sunny days and clear cold nights. It does not normally snow, though occasionally the hilltops get a dusting. Spring and fall are transitional and intermediate, with some rainfall and variable temperature. Summer typically brings night and morning low clouds or fog, followed by sunny, warm days. Fog is a cloud that is in contact with the ground Stratus clouds are usually the only clouds that touch the ground The warmest and driest months are typically June through September, with the highest temperatures occurring in September. Mid-summer (July–August) is often a bit cooler due to the sea breezes and fog which are normally most strongly developed then.

The National Weather Service cooperative station's records since 1919 show that January, the coldest month, has an average maximum of 56. The National Weather Service ( NWS) once known as the Weather Bureau is one of the six scientific agencies that make up the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 2 °F (13. 4 °C) and an average minimum of 42. 9 °F (6. 1 °C). September, the warmest month, has an average maximum of 71. 8 °F (22. 1 °C) and an average minimum of 55. 0 °F (12. 8 °C). Annually, there are an average of 2. 9 days with highs of 90 °F (32 °C) or higher and an average of 1. 0 days with lows of 32 °F (0 °C) or lower. The highest temperature recorded was 107 °F (42 °C) on June 15, 2000, and the lowest temperature recorded was 25 °F (−4 °C) on January 21, 1937, and December 9, 1972. Events 763 BC - Assyrians record a Solar eclipse that will be used to fix the Chronology of Mesopotamian history 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Events 1189 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade. Year 1937 ( MCMXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 536 - Byzantine General Belisarius enters Rome while the Ostrogothic garrison peacefully leaves the city Year 1972 ( MCMLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Average annual precipitation is 23. 57 in (599 mm). The wettest year was 1983 with 48. 42 in (1,230 mm) and the dryest year was 1929 with 9. 89 in (251 mm). The wettest month on record was December 1955 with 15. 04 in (382 mm). No measurable rainfall has been common during the summer months. The most rainfall in 24 hours was 6. 98 in (177 mm) on January 4, 1982. Events 46 BC - Titus Labienus defeats Julius Caesar in the Battle of Ruspina. Year 1982 ( MCMLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar) Although snowfall is rare in the lowlands, averaging only 0. 1 in (2. 5 mm) each year, 6. 0 in (150 mm) fell on January 29, 1922. Events 904 - Sergius III comes out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed Antipope Christopher. Year 1922 ( MCMXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Snow has generally fallen every several years on the higher peaks of the Berkeley Hills. The Berkeley Hills are a range of the Pacific Coast Ranges which overlook the northeast side of the Valley in which San Francisco Bay [5]

Climate chart for Berkeley, California
J F M A M J J A S O N D
 
 
131
 
13
7
 
 
106
 
15
8
 
 
90
 
16
8
 
 
42
 
18
9
 
 
21
 
19
11
 
 
5
 
21
12
 
 
1
 
21
13
 
 
2
 
22
13
 
 
11
 
22
13
 
 
33
 
21
12
 
 
73
 
17
9
 
 
105
 
14
7
temperatures in °C • precipitation totals in mm
Imperial conversion

In the late spring and early fall, strong offshore winds of sinking air typically develop, bringing heat and dryness to the area. In the spring, this is not usually a problem as vegetation is still moist from winter rains, but extreme dryness prevails by the fall, creating a danger of wildfires. In September 1923 a major fire swept through the neighborhoods north of the University campus, stopping just short of downtown. (See 1923 Berkeley fire). The 1923 Berkeley Fire was a Conflagration which consumed some 640 structures including 584 homes in the densely-built neighborhoods north of the campus of the University On October 20, 1991, gusty, hot winds fanned a conflagration along the Berkeley–Oakland border, killing 25 people and injuring 150, as well as destroying 2,449 single-family dwellings and 437 apartment and condominium units. Events 1740 - Maria Theresa takes the throne of Austria. France, Prussia, Bavaria and Saxony Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. (See 1991 Oakland firestorm)

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Avg high temp. The Oakland Firestorm of 1991 was a large urban fire that occurred on the hillsides of northern Oakland California and southeastern Berkeley on Sunday October °F (°C) 56
(13)		 59
(15)		 61
(16)		 64
(18)		 67
(19)		 70
(21)		 70
(21)		 71
(22)		 72
(22)		 70
(21)		 62
(17)		 57
(14)
Avg low temp. °F (°C) 44
(7)		 46
(8)		 47
(8)		 49
(9)		 51
(11)		 54
(12)		 55
(13)		 56
(13)		 56
(13)		 53
(12)		 48
(9)		 43
(7)
Rainfall in. (cm) 5. 1
(13)		 4. 8
(12)		 4. 1
(10)		 1. 6
(4)		 0. 6
(2)		 0. 1
(0. 25)		 0. 1
(0. 25)		 0. 1
(0. 25)		 0. 4
(1)		 1. 4
(3)		 3. 6
(9)		 3. 5
(9)
Table 1: Berkeley Climate Data [6]

Demographics

Population
1890 5,101
1900 13,214
1910 40,434
1920 56,036
1930 82,109
1940 85,547
1950 113,805
1960 111,268
1970 116,716
1980 103,328
1990 102,724
2000 102,743†
2005 100,744‡
† 2000 Census [7]
‡ City Data estimate (2005) [8]
Street fair on Telegraph Avenue
Street fair on Telegraph Avenue

As of the census[9] of 2000, there were 102,743 people, 44,955 households, and 18,656 families residing in the city. A census is the procedure of acquiring information about every member of a given population The population density was 9,823. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 3 people per square mile (3,792. 5/km²), one of the highest in California. There were 46,875 housing units at an average density of 4,481. 8/sq mi (1,730. 3/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 59. 17% White, 16. 39% Asian, 13. 63% Black or African American, 0. 45% Native American, 0. 14% Pacific Islander, 4. 64% from other races, and 5. 57% from two or more races. 9. 73% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Non-Hispanic whites accounted for 55. 18% of the city's population. 7. 3% were of German, 7. The German people (Deutsche are an Ethnic group, in the sense of sharing a common German culture, descent and speaking the German language as 2% English and 6. The English people (from the adjective in Englisc) are a Nation and Ethnic group native to England who predominantly speak English 3% Irish ancestry according to Census 2000. The Irish people ( Irish: Muintir na hÉireann, na hÉireannaigh, na Gaeil) are a Western European Ethnic group who originate 73. 1% spoke English, 8. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States 3% Spanish, 4. 5% Chinese or Mandarin, 1. 6% French, 1. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people 2% Korean, 1. This article is mainly about the spoken Korean language See Hangul for details on the native Korean writing system 1% Japanese and 1. is a language spoken by over 130 million people in Japan and in Japanese emigrant communities 0% German as their first language. The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages.

There were 44,955 households out of which 17. 8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 28. 9% were married couples living together, 9. 5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 58. 5% were non-families and/or unmarried couples. 38. 1% of all households were made up of individuals and 7. 9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2. 16 and the average family size was 2. 84.

In the city the population was spread out with 14. 1% under the age of 18, 21. 6% from 18 to 24, 31. 8% from 25 to 44, 22. 3% from 45 to 64, and 10. 2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females there were 96. 5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95. 1 males.

According to a 2006 estimate, the median income for a household in the city was $51,256, and the median income for a family was $87,033. [3] Males had a median income of $50,789 versus $40,623 for females. The per capita income for the city was $30,477. Per capita income means how much each individual receives in monetary terms of the yearly income generated in the country About 8. 3% of families and 20. 0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13. The poverty threshold, or poverty line, is the minimum level of Income deemed necessary to achieve an adequate Standard of living in a given country 4% of those under age 18 and 7. 9% of those age 65 or over.

Transportation

Berkeley is served by Amtrak (Capitol Corridor), AC Transit, BART (Downtown Berkeley Station, North Berkeley, and Ashby Station) and bus shuttles operated by major employers including UC Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The National Railroad Passenger Corporation, Doing business as Amtrak, is a Government-owned corporation that was organized on May 1, 1971 The Capitol Corridor is a 172-mile (275 km Passenger train route operated by Amtrak in California. AC Transit (in full Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District) is a regional Bus agency serving parts of Alameda County and Contra Costa County Downtown Berkeley BART (formerly just Berkeley BART) is a Bay Area Rapid Transit station located on Shattuck Avenue between Allston Way and Addison Street North Berkeley is an underground Bay Area Rapid Transit station located on Sacramento Street between Virginia and Delaware Streets in Berkeley California. Ashby Station is a Bay Area Rapid Transit station, located at Ashby Avenue and Adeline Street in the southern part of Berkeley California. The University of California Berkeley (also referred to as Cal, Berkeley and UC Berkeley) is a major research university located in Berkeley The Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory ( LBNL) is a U The Eastshore Freeway (Interstate 80 and Interstate 580) runs along the bay shoreline. The Eastshore Freeway is a segment of Interstates 80 and 580 along the northeast shoreline of San Francisco Bay in northern California. In the US state of California, Interstate 80, a major east-west route of the Interstate Highway System, has its western terminus in San Francisco Each day there is an influx of thousands of cars into the city by commuting UC faculty, staff and students, making parking for more than a few hours an expensive proposition.

Berkeley has one of the highest rates of bicycle and pedestrian commuting in the nation. The bicycle, cycle, or bike is a pedal-driven, human-powered vehicle with two wheels attached to a frame, one behind Berkeley is the safest city of its size in California for pedestrians and cyclists, considering the number of injuries per pedestrian and cyclist, rather than per capita. [10]

Berkeley has modified its original grid roadway structure through use of diverters and barriers, moving most traffic out of neighborhoods and onto arterial streets (visitors often find this confusing, because the diverters are not shown on all maps). Berkeley maintains a separate grid of arterial streets for bicycles, called Bicycle Boulevards, with bike lanes and lower amounts of car traffic than the major streets to which they often run parallel. A bicycle boulevard is a shared roadway which has been optimized for bicycle traffic

Berkeley hosts a car sharing network run by City CarShare. This article deals with the use of shared cars for Public transport purposes Rather than owning (and parking) their own cars, members share a group of cars parked nearby. Web- and telephone-based reservation systems keep track of hours and charges. Several "pods" (points of departure where cars are kept) exist throughout the city, in several downtown locations, at the Ashby and North Berkeley BART stations, and at various other locations in Berkeley (and other cities in the region). Using alternative transportation is encouraged.

Berkeley has had recurring problems with parking meters. A parking meter is a device used to collect money in exchange for the right to park a Vehicle in a particular place for a limited amount of time In 1999, over 2,400 Berkeley meters were jammed, smashed, or sawed apart[11]. Starting in 2005 and continuing into 2006, Berkeley began to phase out mechanical meters in favor of more centralized electronic meters.

Transportation past

The first commuter service to San Francisco was provided by the Central Pacific's Berkeley Branch Railroad, a standard gauge steam railroad which terminated in downtown Berkeley, and connected in Emeryville with trains to the Oakland ferry pier as well as with the Central Pacific main line starting in 1876. The Berkeley Branch Railroad was a long branch line of the Central Pacific Railroad (CPRR from a junction in what later became Emeryville called " Shellmound The standard gauge (also named the Stephenson gauge after George Stephenson, or Normal gauge) is a widely-used Rail gauge. Steam railroad is a term used in the United States to distinguish conventional heavy Railroads from Street railways Interurban streetcar lines The Oakland Long Wharf, later known as the Oakland Pier or the SP Mole was a massive railroad Wharf and Ferry pier in Oakland California The Berkeley Branch line was extended from Shattuck and University to Vine Street ("Berryman's Station") in 1878. Eventually, the Berkeley trains ran directly to the Oakland Pier. In the 1880s, Southern Pacific assumed operations of the Berkeley Branch. In 1911, Southern Pacific electrified this line and the several others it constructed in Berkeley, creating its East Bay Electric Lines division. The East Bay Electric Lines was a division of the Southern Pacific Railroad which operated a system of electric Interurban -type trains in the East Bay region The huge and heavy cars specially built for these lines came to be called the "Big Red Trains". The Shattuck line was extended and connected with two other Berkeley lines (the Ninth Street Line and the California Street line) at Solano and Colusa (the "Colusa Wye"). It was at this time that the Northbrae Tunnel and the Rose Street Undercrossing were constructed, both of which still exist (the Rose Street Undercrossing is not accessible to the public, being situated between what is now two backyards). The last Red Trains ran in July, 1941.

The first electric rail service in Berkeley was provided by several small streetcar companies starting in 1891. A tram, tramcar, trolley, trolley car, or streetcar is a railborne vehicle, of lighter weight and construction than a Train Most of these were eventually bought up by the Key System of Francis "Borax" Smith who added lines and improved equipment. The Key System (or Key Route) was a privately owned company which provided Mass transit in the cities of Oakland, Berkeley, Alameda Francis Marion Smith (aka "Borax" Smith and the "Borax King") ( February 2, 1846 &ndash August 27, 1931 The Key System's streetcars were operated by its East Bay Street Railways division. Principal lines in Berkeley ran on Euclid, The Arlington, College, Telegraph, Shattuck, and Grove (today's Martin Luther King Jr. Way). The last streetcars ran in 1948, replaced by buses.

The first electric commuter interurban-type trains to San Francisco from Berkeley were put in operation by the Key System in 1903, several years before the Southern Pacific electrified its steam commuter lines. Like the SP, Key trains ran to a pier serviced by the Key's own fleet of ferryboats which also docked at the Ferry Building in San Francisco. San Francisco Bay in California has been served by ferries of all types for over 150 years After the Bay Bridge was built, the Key trains ran to the Transbay Terminal in San Francisco, sharing tracks on the lower deck of the Bay Bridge with the SP's red trains and the Sacramento Northern Railroad. San Francisco Transbay Terminal, or simply Transbay Terminal, is a transportation complex in San Francisco California, USA, located roughly in the The Sacramento Northern Railway began as a 93 mile electric Interurban Railway system linking the California state capitol Sacramento with the It was at this time that the Key trains acquired their letter designations, which were later preserved by Key's public successor, AC Transit. Today's F bus is the successor of the F train. Likewise, the E, G and the H. Before the Bridge, these lines were simply the Shattuck Avenue Line, the Claremont Line, the Westbrae Line, and the Sacramento Street Line, respectively.

After the Southern Pacific abandoned transbay service in 1941, the Key System acquired the rights to use its tracks and catenary on Shattuck north of Ward Street and through the Northbrae Tunnel to The Alameda for the F-train, and also the tracks along Monterey Avenue as far as Colusa for the H-train. In Physics and Geometry, the catenary is the theoretical Shape of a hanging flexible Chain or Cable when supported at its ends and The Key System trains stopped running in April 1958. In 1963, the Northbrae Tunnel was opened to auto traffic.

Places

Major streets

Highways

Bicycle and pedestrian paths

Neighborhoods

See also: List of Berkeley neighborhoods

Berkeley has a number of distinct neighborhoods. This is a list of Neighborhoods in Berkeley California. The Berkeley Hills - Roughly bounded by Cedar Street Spruce Street Eunice Street

Surrounding the University of California campus are the most densely populated parts of the city. The University of California Berkeley campus and its surrounding community are home to a number of notable buildings by early 20th-century campus architect John Galen Howard West of the campus is Downtown Berkeley, the city's traditional commercial core; home of the civic center, the city's only public high school, the busiest BART station in Berkeley, as well as a major transfer point for AC Transit buses. Downtown Berkeley is the Central business district of the city of Berkeley California, United States centered around the intersection of Shattuck Avenue and Center A civic center or civic centre (see " American and British English spelling differences " is a prominent land area within a Community Berkeley High School is the only public high school in Berkeley California. Downtown Berkeley BART (formerly just Berkeley BART) is a Bay Area Rapid Transit station located on Shattuck Avenue between Allston Way and Addison Street AC Transit (in full Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District) is a regional Bus agency serving parts of Alameda County and Contra Costa County South of the campus is the Southside neighborhood, mainly a student ghetto, where much of the university's student housing is located. Southside, also known by the older names South of Campus or South Campus, is a Neighborhood in Berkeley California. A student ghetto is a residential neighbourhood usually in proximity to a College or University, that houses mostly students The University of California Berkeley has various student housing facilities some run by the office of Residential and Student Service Programs and others by off-campus entities The busiest stretch of Telegraph Avenue is in this neighborhood. Telegraph Avenue is a Street that begins at its southernmost point in the midst of the historic downtown district of Oakland California and ends North of the campus is the quieter Northside neighborhood, the location of the Graduate Theological Union. Northside is a principally residential Neighborhood in Berkeley California, located north of the University of California Berkeley campus east of Oxford GTU redirects here GTU can also refer to the IMSA racing category Grand Touring Under or as in Chevrolet Beretta GTU

Further from the university campus, the influence of the University quickly becomes less visible. Most of Berkeley's neighborhoods are primarily made up of detached houses, often with separate in-law units in the rear, although larger apartment buildings are also common in many neighborhoods. Commercial activities are concentrated along the major avenues and at important intersections. In the southeastern corner of the city is the Claremont District, home to the Claremont Hotel; and the Elmwood District, with a small shopping area on College Avenue. The Claremont district is a neighborhood straddling the city limits of Oakland and Berkeley in the East Bay section of the San Francisco Bay The Claremont Resort & Spa is a historic Hotel that straddles the border between Berkeley and Oakland, California The Elmwood District is a Neighborhood of the City of Berkeley California. West of Elmwood is South Berkeley, known for its weekend flea market at the Ashby BART station. South Berkeley is a Neighborhood in the city of Berkeley, California. A flea market or swap meet is a type of Bazaar where inexpensive or secondhand goods are sold or bartered Ashby Station is a Bay Area Rapid Transit station, located at Ashby Avenue and Adeline Street in the southern part of Berkeley California. West of (and including) San Pablo Avenue, a major commercial corridor, is West Berkeley, the historic commercial center of the city, and the former unincorporated town of Ocean View. West Berkeley is generally the area of Berkeley California which lies west of San Pablo Avenue, abutting San Francisco Bay. West Berkeley is generally the area of Berkeley California which lies west of San Pablo Avenue, abutting San Francisco Bay. West Berkeley contains the remnants of Berkeley's industrial area, much of which has been replaced by retail and office uses, as well as residential live/work loft space, with the decline of manufacturing in the United States.

The areas of South and West Berkeley are in the midst of redevelopment. Some residents have opposed redevelopment in this area.

Along the shoreline of San Francisco Bay at the foot of University Avenue is the Berkeley Marina. The Berkeley Marina is the westernmost portion of the city of Berkeley California, located west of the Eastshore Freeway (Interstate 80 and 580 at the foot of University Nearby is Berkeley's Aquatic Park, featuring an artificial linear lagoon of San Francisco Bay. Aquatic Park is a public Park in Berkeley California, located just east of the Eastshore Freeway ( Interstate 80) between Ashby and University North of Downtown is the North Berkeley neighborhood, which has been nicknamed the "Gourmet Ghetto" because of the concentration of well-known restaurants and other food-related businesses. Further north are Northbrae, a master-planned subdivision from the early 20th century, and Thousand Oaks. Above these last three neighborhoods, in the northeastern part of Berkeley, are the Berkeley Hills. The Berkeley Hills are a range of the Pacific Coast Ranges which overlook the northeast side of the Valley in which San Francisco Bay The neighborhoods of the Berkeley Hills such as Cragmont and La Loma Park are notable for their dramatic views, winding streets, and numerous public stairways and paths. The Cragmont area of Berkeley is a residential district located in the northeastern section of the city occupying most of the hill area north of Codornices Creek La Loma Park is the historic name no longer in common use of a tract of land located in the Berkeley Hills section of the city of Berkeley California in the

Points of interest

The Campanile
The Campanile

Other notable places include:

Landmarks and Historic Districts

165 buildings in Berkeley are designated as local landmarks or local structures of merit. Of these, 49 are listed in the National Register of Historic Places, including:

Historic Districts listed in the National Register of Historic Places:

See List of Berkeley Landmarks, Structures of Merit, and Historic Districts

Arts and culture

Annual events

Schools

The first public school in Berkeley was the Ocean View School, now the site of the Berkeley Adult School located at Virginia Street and San Pablo Avenue. This is a list of landmarks structures of merit and historical districts in Berkeley California. The University of California Berkeley (also referred to as Cal, Berkeley and UC Berkeley) is a major research university located in Berkeley West Berkeley is generally the area of Berkeley California which lies west of San Pablo Avenue, abutting San Francisco Bay. The public schools today are administered by the Berkeley Unified School District. Berkeley Unified School District is the public School district for the city of Berkeley California. In the 1960s, Berkeley was one of the earliest US cities to voluntarily desegregate, utilizing a system of buses, still in use. The city has only one public high school, Berkeley High, established in 1880. Berkeley High School is the only public high school in Berkeley California. The Berkeley High campus was designated a historic district by the National Register of Historic Places on January 7, 2008. The National Register of Historic Places (NRHP is the United States government's official list of districts sites buildings structures and objects deemed worthy of Events 1325 - Alfonso IV becomes King of Portugal. 1558 - France takes Calais, the last continental 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common [13] Saint Mary's College High School, a Catholic school, has its street address in Berkeley, although most of the grounds and buildings are actually in neighboring Albany. Saint Mary's College High School came into being as part of St Berkeley has eleven elementary schools and three middle schools. See also Primary education An elementary school is an institution where children receive the first stage of Compulsory education known as elementary Middle school or Junior High School serves as a "bridge" between the Elementary School and the High School There is also the prestigious Bay Area Technology school, the only school in the whole Bay Area to offer a technology- and science-based curriculum, which major connections to leading universities.

Notable People

Mayors

City of Berkeley Mayor's Office

Sister cities

Berkeley has thirteen sister cities:[14]

References

  1. ^ Bay Area Center for Voting Research: http://www.govpro.com/News/Article/31439/
  2. ^ US Gazetteer files: 2000 and 1990. (Mr Beverly Lacy Hodghead (1865-1928 was the first mayor of the City of Berkeley California, serving from 1909 to 1911 Jackson Stitt Wilson (March 19 1868 - August 28 1942 was a socialist mayor of the city of Berkeley California from 1911 to 1913 The Socialist Party of America (SPA was a socialist Political party in the United States. Charles Dingley Heywood (1881-1957 was a member of a family prominent in the early history of Berkeley California. Samuel C Irving (1858-1930 served as mayor of the City of Berkeley California from 1915 to 1919 Louis A Bartlett (1873–1951 was an attorney and Mayor of Berkeley California from 1919 to 1923 Frank D Stringham (1872-1932 was Mayor of Berkeley California from 1923 to 1927 Michael Branner Driver (1868-1942 was Mayor of Berkeley California from 1927 to 1930 and Sheriff of Alameda County from 1930 to 1939 Thomas Edwin Caldecott ( 1878 - 1951) was a politician in Alameda County California in the San Francisco Bay Area in the first half of the 20th Edward Newton Ament (1860-1949 was Mayor of Berkeley California, United States from 1932 to 1939 Frank S Gaines (1890-1977 was the Mayor of Berkeley California from 1939 to 1943 Fitch Robertson was Mayor of Berkeley California, United States from 1943 to 1947 Carrie L Hoyt (1866-1950 was the Mayor of Berkeley California from January 20 to circa May 1947 Laurance L Cross (April 13 1892&ndashAugust 27 1966 was a Presbyterian minister and Mayor of Berkeley California from 1947 to 1955 Claude Burton Hutchison ( April 9, 1885 – August 25, 1980) was a botanist agricultural economist educator and Mayor of the City of Loni Hancock (born 1941 is currently serving in her third term as the representative of California State Assembly District 14 Shirley Ann Dean (Bryant, considered Moderate in Berkeley politics is an American politician who served as the Mayor of Berkeley California For the gunpowder plot conspirator see Thomas Bates. Thomas H Gao is a city in Mali and capital of the Gao Region on the River Niger, with a population of 57978 in 2005 Mali, officially the Republic of Mali (République du Mali is a Landlocked nation in Western Africa. Dmitrov (Дми́тров is a town in Moscow Oblast, Russia, located to the north of Moscow. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending The Blackfeet Indian Reservation or Blackfeet Nation is an Indian reservation of the Blackfeet tribe in Montana in the The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Jena (pronunciation ˈjeːna is a university City in central Germany on the river Saale. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Ulan-Ude (Ула́н-Удэ́ Улаан-Үдэ Ulaan-Üde) is the capital city of the Buryat Republic, Russia, is located about 100 km Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending The Yurok, whose name means "downriver people" are Native Americans whose ancestors by some estimates have lived for at least 10000 years near the Pacific Ocean The United States of America —commonly referred to as the For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and is a city located in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. It has been one of the largest and most important Seaports of Japan since the Medieval era For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. San Antonio Los Ranchos is a Municipality in the Chalatenango department of El Salvador. El Salvador ( República de El Salvador,) is a country in Central America. The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa Yondó is a town and municipality in Antioquia Department, Colombia. Colombia (kəˈlʌmbɪə officially the Republic of Colombia () is a country in northwestern South America. " Palma Soriano is a municipality in the Santiago de Cuba Province of Cuba. The Republic of Cuba (ˈkjuːbə or) consists of the island of Cuba (the largest and second-most populous island of the Greater Antilles) Isla de la León is the second largest City in Nicaragua, after Managua. United States Census Bureau (2005-05-03). The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1491 - Kongo monarch Nkuwu Nzinga is baptised by Portuguese missionaries adopting the baptismal name of João Retrieved on 2008-01-31. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes
  3. ^ Lawson, A. C. (ed. ), “The California Earthquake of April 18, 1906”, 1908, Reprinted 1969 by the Carnegie Institution of Washington. This is a comprehensive report on the 1906 earthquake, published by the State Earthquake Investigation Commission, and comprises two volumes and an atlas. It contains a discussion of the 1868 Hayward Fault earthquake and its effects, and includes a number of photos taken by Lawson himself of damage in Berkeley caused by the 1906 quake. The report is available from the USGS here.
  4. ^ Jane Houston Jones. San Francisco Weather – Weird and Wacky. SJAA Ephemeris July 2001.
  5. ^ Western Regional Climate Center Web site
  6. ^ Monthly Averages for Berkeley, Weather. com, Accessed September 15, 2006. Events 668 - Eastern Roman Emperor Constans II is assassinated in his bath at Syracuse Italy. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
  7. ^ Population, City of Berkeley.
  8. ^ Statistics of Berkeley, California, City Data. com
  9. ^ American FactFinder. United States Census Bureau. The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census Retrieved on 2008-01-31. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes
  10. ^ Bicycle and Pedestrian Safety in Berkeley, City of Berkeley.
  11. ^ “Chicanery tops meters in Berkeley”, San Francisco Chronicle.
  12. ^ The History of Ashkenaz. Ashkenaz. com.
  13. ^ Berkeley Daily Planet, January 22–24, 2008
  14. ^ Sister cities designated by Sister Cities International, Inc. (SCI). Retrieved on May 3, 2007. Events 1491 - Kongo monarch Nkuwu Nzinga is baptised by Portuguese missionaries adopting the baptismal name of João Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.

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