| Comune di Bergamo | |
|---|---|
 |
|
 Municipal coat of arms |
|
| Country |  Italy |
| Region | Lombardy |
| Province | Bergamo (BG) |
| Mayor | Roberto Bruni (since 27/06/2004) |
| Elevation | 249 m (817 ft) |
| Area | 38. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Lombardy (Lombardia Latin: Langobardia, Western Lombard: Lumbardìa, Eastern Lombard: Lombardia) is one of the In Italy, a Province (in Italian provincia) is an administrative division of intermediate level between Municipality ( Comune The Province of Bergamo ( Provincia di Bergamo) is a province in the Lombardy region of Italy. 7 km² (15 sq mi) |
| Population (as of 31 December 2006) | |
| - Total | 117,072 |
| - Density | 3,025/km² (7,835/sq mi) |
| Time zone | CET, UTC+1 |
| Coordinates | |
| Gentilic | Bergamaschi |
| Dialing code | 035 |
| Postal code | 24100 |
| Patron | Saint Alexander |
| - Day | 26 August |
| Website: www.comune.bergamo.it | |
Bergamo pronunciation (Bèrghem in Lombard, antiquated:Wälsch-Bergen in German) is a town in Lombardy, Italy, about 40km northeast of Milan. Eastern Lombard is a group of related dialects spoken in the eastern side of Lombardy, mainly in the provinces of Bergamo, Brescia and The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Lombardy (Lombardia Latin: Langobardia, Western Lombard: Lumbardìa, Eastern Lombard: Lombardia) is one of the Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Milan (Milano Milan (listen) is one of the largest cities in Italy, located in the plains of Lombardy. The commune is home to c. 117,000 inhabitants. It is served by Orio al Serio Airport, which also serves the Province of Bergamo, and to a lesser extent Milan. Orio al Serio International Airport is an Airport located in Orio al Serio, near Bergamo, Italy, and it serves the low-cost traffic The Province of Bergamo ( Provincia di Bergamo) is a province in the Lombardy region of Italy. Milan (Milano Milan (listen) is one of the largest cities in Italy, located in the plains of Lombardy. The foothills of the Alps begin immediately north of the town.
Contents |
History
Bergamo occupies the site of the ancient town of Bergomum, founded as a settlement of the Celtic tribe of Cenomani. This is a list of Celtic tribes and associated Celtic peoples with their geographical localization The Cenomani ( Greek:, Strabo, Ptol;, Polyb) was an ancient tribe of the Cisalpine Gauls who occupied the tract north of the Padus In 49 BC it became a Roman municipality, containing c. Year 49 BC was a year of the pre-Julian calendar. Events By place Rome Consuls Lucius Cornelius Lentulus Crus The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial 10,000 inhabitants at its peak. An important hub on the military road between Friuli and Raetia, it was destroyed by Attila in the 5th century. Friuli ( Friulian: Raetia (so always in inscriptions classical manuscripts usually use the form Rhaetia) was a province of the Roman Empire, bounded on the west by the country The 5th century is the period from 401 to 500 in accordance with the Julian calendar in Anno Domini / Common Era.
From the 6th century Bergamo was the seat of one of the most important Lombard duchies of northern Italy, together with Brescia, Trento and Cividale del Friuli: its first Lombard duke was Wallaris. Brescia ( Lombard: Brèsa) is a city in the region of Lombardy in northern Italy. Trento (traditional English Trent; Italian: Trento; German: Trient; Latin: Tridentum; Note that many Cividale del Friuli ( Friulian Cividât, Slovenian Čedad) is a town in Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Northern Italy, 15 km After the conquest by Charlemagne of the Lombard Kingdom, it became the seat of a county under one Auteramus (died 816). Charlemagne (ˈʃɑrlɨmeɪn Carolus Magnus or Karolus Magnus meaning Charles the Great) (747 – 28 January 814 was King of the Franks from 768 to his
From the 11th century onwards Bergamo was an independent commune, taking part in the Lombard League which defeated Frederick I Barbarossa in 1165. The Lombard League was an alliance formed around 1167, which at its apex included most of the cities of Northern Italy (although its membership changed in Frederick I Barbarossa (1122 &ndash 10 June 1190) was elected King of Germany at Frankfurt on 4 March 1152 and crowned Caught in the bitter fights between Guelphs and Ghibellines, led in the city by the Colleoni and the Suardi respectively, from 1264 Bergamo was intermittently under the rule of Milan. The Guelphs and Ghibellines were factions supporting respectively the Papacy and the Holy Roman Empire in central and northern Italy In 1331 it gave itself to John of Bohemia, but later the Visconti of Milan reconquered it. John the Blind ( Luxembourgish: Jang de Blannen; German: Johann der Blinde von Luxemburg After a short conquest by the Malatesta in 1407, in 1428 it fell under the control of the Venetian, remaining part of it until 1797. The Most Serene Republic of Venice ((Serenìsima Repùblica Vèneta or Repùblica de Venesia Serenissima Repubblica Notably, the Venetians fortified the higher portion of the town (see Main sights section).
In 1815 it was assigned to Austria. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich Giuseppe Garibaldi freed it 1859, and thenceforth Bergamo was part of the Kingdom of Italy. Garibaldi redirects here for other meanings see Garibaldi (disambiguation. Year 1859 ( MDCCCLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Kingdom of Italy ( Italian: Regno d'Italia) was a state forged in 1861 by the unification of Italy under the influence of the Kingdom
Bergamo has a prominent place in music history. The large Romanesque church of Santa Maria Maggiore, begun in 1137, had a continuous and well-documented tradition of music teaching and singing for more than eight hundred years. Regional characteristics of Romanesque architecture|Romanesque art Romanesque architecture is the term that is used to describe the architecture of Middle Ages Europe which Since the town was under Venetian control, the musical style of the Venetians was imported as well; in particular, a large instrumental ensemble grew up to support the choral singing. Composers such as Gasparo Alberti produced music with polyphony using two organs, brass and viols, a style usually associated with Venice, but which flourished in the fine acoustic environment of Santa Maria Maggiore. Gasparo Alberti (c 1489 &ndash c 1560 was an Italian composer In Music, polyphony is a texture consisting of two or more independent Melodic voices, as opposed to music with just one voice ( Monophony The organ (from Greek όργανον – organon "organ instrument tool" is a Keyboard instrument of one or more divisions each The viol (also called viola da gamba) is any one of a family of bowed, Fretted stringed Musical instruments developed in the 1400s
Prominent musicians born in Bergamo include Gaetano Donizetti, Pietro Locatelli, Antonio Lolli, Gianluigi Trovesi, and Gianandrea Gavazzeni. Domenico Gaetano Maria Donizetti (29 November 1797 &ndash 8 April 1848 was an Italian composer from Bergamo, Lombardy. Pietro Antonio Locatelli ( September 3, 1695 - March 30, 1764) was an Italian Composer and Violinist Biography Antonio Lolli (ca 1725 &ndash August 10, 1802) was an Italian Violinist and Composer. Gianluigi Trovesi (born in 1944) is an Italian Jazz Saxophonist, Clarinetist and Composer. Gianandrea Gavazzeni (25 July 1909 - 5 February 1996 was an Italian Pianist, conductor (especially of Opera) Composer and musicologist Alessandro Grandi, one of the most progressive composers of the early 17th century after Monteverdi, was maestro di cappella there until his death in the plague of 1630; Tarquinio Merula, an even more progressive composer, and one of the founders of the early sonata, took over his post. Alessandro Grandi (1586 – after June 1630 but in that year was a northern Italian composer of the early Baroque era writing in the new Concertato As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 17th Century was that Century which lasted from 1601 - 1700 in the Gregorian calendar Tarquinio Merula (1594 or 1595 &ndash December 10, 1665) was an Italian composer organist, and Violinist of the early Baroque
Bergamo was the hometown and last resting place of Enrico Rastelli, a highly technical and world famous juggler who lived in the town and, in 1931, died there at the early age of 34. Enrico Rastelli ( 19 December 1896, in Samara, Russia – 13 December 1931, Bergamo, Italy) There is a life-sized statue to Rastelli within his mausoleum.
Main sights
The town has two centres: "Città alta" (upper city), a hilltop medieval town, surrounded by 17th century cyclopic defensive walls, and the "Città bassa" (lower city). The two parts of the town are connected by funicular/cable car, roads and foot-paths (the most convenient being immediately adjacent the funicular station). A funicular, also known as a funicular railway, incline, inclined railway, inclined plane, or cliff railway, is a type of self-contained Parking spaces are very limited in the upper city and non-local traffic is banned on weekends.
Città alta
The upper city, surrounded by Venetian walls built in the 17th century, forms the historic centre of Bergamo.
It includes numerous historical monuments:
- Piazza Vecchia (old square)
- Palazzo della Ragione. It was the seat of the administration of the city in the communal age. It is now the site of exhibitions. Erected in the 12th century, it was rebuilt in the late 16th century by Pietro Isabello. The façade has the lion of St. Mark over a mullioned window, testifying to the long period of Venetian dominance. The atrium has a well-preserved 18th century sundial. A sundial is a device that measures time by the position of the Sun.
- Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore (Saint Mary Major). The Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore is a church in Bergamo, northern Italy. It was built from 1137 on the site of a previous religious edifice of the 7th century. Construction lasted until the 15th century. Of this first building remains the external Romanesque structure and the Greek cross plan, while the interior was widely modified in the 16th and 17th centuries. Noteworthy are the great Crucifix and the tomb of Gaetano Donizetti. Domenico Gaetano Maria Donizetti (29 November 1797 &ndash 8 April 1848 was an Italian composer from Bergamo, Lombardy. The dome has frescoes by Giovanbattista Tiepolo. See also Giovanni Domenico Tiepolo (or Giandomenico Tiepolo) or Lorenzo Baldissera Tiepolo, both sons of Giovanni Battista
- Cappella Colleoni (Colleoni chapel), annexed to Santa Maria Maggiore, a masterwork of Renaissance architecture and decorative art. The Cappella Colleoni (Colleoni Chapel is a church/mausoleum in Bergamo, northern Italy. Bartolomeo Colleoni (c 1395/1400 &ndash November 2, 1475) was an Italian Condottiero.
- The Rocca (Castle). It was begun in 1331 on hill of the Sant'Eufemia by William of Castelbarco, vicar of John of Bohemia, and later completed by Azzone Visconti. John the Blind ( Luxembourgish: Jang de Blannen; German: Johann der Blinde von Luxemburg Azzone Visconti ( December 7, 1302 - August 16, 1339) was lord of Milan from 1329 until his death A wider citadel was also added, but it is now partly lost. The Venetians built a large tower in the Rocca, as well as a line of walls (Mura Veneziane) 6,200 metres long.
- Palazzo della Ragione and the nearby Biblioteca Angelo Mai (Palazzo Nuovo), designed by Vincenzo Scamozzi. Vincenzo Scamozzi ( September 2, 1548 - August 7, 1616) was an Italian Architect and a writer on architecture active mainly
The città alta is also home to two museums, the Museo Civico Archeologico (Archaeological Civic Museum) and the Museo di Scienze Naturali Enrico Caffi (Caffi Natural Science Museum), as well as a small botanical garden (the Orto Botanico di Bergamo "Lorenzo Rota"). The Museo di Scienze Naturali Enrico Caffi is a Natural history museum in Bergamo, Italy. Botanical gardens grow a wide variety of Plants primarily to categorize and document for scientific purposes The Orto Botanico di Bergamo "Lorenzo Rota" (1357 m² is a Botanical garden located at the top of a long stairway from Scaletta di Colle Aperto, Bergamo
Città bassa
The lower city, having expanded rapidly during the twentieth century, is the modern centre of Bergamo. At the end of the nineteenth century Città Bassa was composed of Borghi, the residential houses built along the main road that linked Bergamo with the other cities of Lombardy. The main bourgs were Borgo Palazzo along the road to Brescia, Borgo San Leonardo along the road to Milan and Borgo Santa Caterina along the road to Valle Seriana. Brescia ( Lombard: Brèsa) is a city in the region of Lombardy in northern Italy. Milan (Milano Milan (listen) is one of the largest cities in Italy, located in the plains of Lombardy. In the first decades of the twentieth century, the municipality erected major buildings like the new courthouse and various administrative offices in the lower part of Bergamo in order to create a new center of the city. Following that after World War II and during the so called miracolo economico (economic boom) many residential buildings were constructed in the lower part of the city. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including
Of artistic importance in Città Bassa are Pinacoteca dell'Accademia Carrara (picture museum of Carrara academy), known as "Accademia Carrara" and the nearby Galleria d'Arte Moderna e Contemporanea (gallery of modern and contemporary art), known as GAMEC. The Accademia Carrara (kaˈraɾa is an Art gallery and an Academy of Fine arts in Bergamo, Italy. The lower part of the city is divided into several distinct boroughs: Colognola, Valtesse, Redona, Borgo Palazzo, Celadina, Campagnola, Boccaleone, Longuelo. Colognola,located at is a quarter of the city of Bergamo. Geography The quarter of Colognola is in the south part of the side close to the motorway Valtesse, located at is a borough of the city of Bergamo in the north part of the city between the hill of Città Alta and Maresana Hill. Redona,, is a borough of the Italian city of Bergamo in Lombardy.
Miscellaneous
- Angelo Roncalli, later to become Pope John XXIII and born in the province of Bergamo, studied in the diocesan minor seminary of Bergamo. Pope John (numberingBlessed A minor seminary is a secondary Boarding school created for the specific purpose of enrolling teenage boys who have expressed interest in becoming Priests.
- The city is home to Costantino Rocca, the only Italian golfer to play in the Ryder Cup. Career outline In the 1980s Rocca struggled to retain a European Tour card and made several trips to the Qualifying School. The Ryder Cup is a Golf trophy donated by Samuel Ryder, which is awarded Biennially in an event called the "Ryder Cup Matches" between teams from
- The town hosted the seventh Congres Internationaux d'Architecture Moderne in 1951. The Congrès International d'Architecture Moderne ( CIAM) (or International Congress of Modern Architecture) founded in 1928 and disbanded in 1959 was Year 1951 ( MCMLI) was a Common year starting on Monday. Events of 1951 January
- The town has a Serie A football team called Atalanta. Serie A (officially known as the Lega Calcio Serie A TIM for Sponsorship reasons is a professional league competition for football clubs located Atalanta Bergamasca Calcio, commonly known as just Atalanta, Atalanta Bergamo or the abbreviation Atalanta BC, is an Italian football
- For about 55 years, from 1945 to 2000, the town was the site of the headquarters of the Mechanized Infantry Brigade "Legnano"
- Every year the town used to host an important poetry event called "BergamoPoesia"
- Giuseppe Donizetti also known as Donizetti Pasha, the eldest brother of Gaetano Donizetti, who became Instructor-General of the Ottoman Military Bands under Sultan Mahmud II and Sultan Abdulmecid was born in Bergamo in 1788. Giuseppe Donizetti (6 November 1788 Bergamo - 12 February 1856 Istanbul) was from 1828 Instructor General of the Imperial Ottoman Music at the court Domenico Gaetano Maria Donizetti (29 November 1797 &ndash 8 April 1848 was an Italian composer from Bergamo, Lombardy. Mahmud II ( Ottoman Turkish: محمود ثاني Mahmud-ı sānī) ( July 20, 1785 July 1, 1839 Abdülmecid I ( Ottoman Turkish: عبد المجيد اول ‘Abdü’l-Mecīd-i evvel) ( April 23 1823 June 25 1861
- The town has a woman's volleyball team named Foppapedretti Bergamo. Volleyball is an Olympic team sport in which two teams of 6 active players (5 normal players and one 'libero' are separated by a net that is usually four feet The Foppapedretti Bergamo is the Volleyball team of Bergamo. History The team was found in 1991.
- The city is also home to the Bergamo Lions American football team, one of the most successful European Football League history, winning multiple Eurobowls. The Bergamo Lions are an American football team from Bergamo Italy and one of the most successful amateur football teams in Europe American football, known in the United States and Canada simply as football, is a competitive Team sport known for mixing strategy with The European Football League (EFL is a European Cup style tournament for European American Football teams affiliated to EFAF (European Federation of American The Eurobowl is both the final game and the trophy of the European Football League (EFL a European American football contest
- Bergamo is the traditional birthplace of Arlecchino and Brighella, two popular characters of the commedia dell'arte
Gallery
 Old town, Bergamo |
 View of Bergamo |
 Palazzo della Ragione |
 Porta San Giacomo |
Sister cities
Greenville, United States- Pueblo, United States
Mulhouse, France
Tver', Russia
Bengbu, China
Buenos Aires, Argentina
External links
- Bergamo official website (italian)
- Turismo Bergamo
- Bergamo Tour
- Università degli Studi di Bergamo website (english)
- Paradoxplace Bergamo Photo Pages
- Bergamo is at coordinates Coordinates:
Commedia dell'Arte ( Italian: "the comedy of artists" is a form of Improvisational theatre that began in Italy in the 16th century Brighella (French Brighelle is a comic masked character from the Commedia dell'arte. Commedia dell'Arte ( Italian: "the comedy of artists" is a form of Improvisational theatre that began in Italy in the 16th century Greenville is a mid-sized city located in the upstate of South Carolina. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The City of Pueblo (ˈpwɛbloʊ is a Home Rule Municipality that is the County seat and the most populous city of Pueblo County Mulhouse (Mulhouse myluz Alsatian: Milhüsa or Milhüse, pronounced; Mülhausen i This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Tver (Тверь is a city in Russia, the administrative center of Tver Oblast. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Administration The Prefecture-level city of Bengbu administers 7 county-level divisions, including 4 districts and 3 counties. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Buenos Aires is the Capital and largest city of Argentina. It is geographically located on the southern shore of the Río de la Plata, on the southeastern For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system.