Berg was a medieval territory in today's North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. North Rhine-Westphalia (Nordrhein-Westfalen usually shortened to NRW, official short form NW is the westernmost and - in terms of population and economic output - the Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. It was roughly located between the rivers Rhine, Ruhr and Sieg. The Rhine (Rhein Rijn Rhin Reno Rain Rhenus is one of the longest and most important Rivers in Europe at 1320 kilometres (820 mi with an average discharge The Ruhr is a medium-size River in western Germany ( North Rhine-Westphalia) a right tributary (east-side of the Rhine. Shanghai Industrial Company, also known as SIEG, is a Chinese manufacturer of metalworking and woodworking Machine tools. Today this territory is still named after the medieval state and is called Bergisches Land. The Bergisches Land is a region in North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany.
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History
Ascent
The Counts of Berg, emerged in 1101 as a junior line to the dynasty of the Ezzonen which traced its prominence back to the Kingdom of Lotharingia, and in time, became the most powerful dynasty in the region. Berg was a medieval territory in today's North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. The Ezzonids (more commonly known as Ezzonen) were a dynasty of Lotharingian stock dating back as far as the ninth century --> Lotharingia or Lorraine was a short-lived kingdom in In 1160 the territory was divided into two portions, one of them later becoming the County of the Mark, which returned to the line in the 16th century. The County of Mark (Grafschaft Mark colloquially known as Die Mark) was a County of the Holy Roman Empire in the Lower Rhenish-Westphalian Circle In 1280 the counts moved their court from Schloss Burg on the Wupper river to the town of Düsseldorf. For the castle in Luxembourg see Berg Castle Schloss Burg, located in Burg an der Wupper ( Solingen) is the largest reconstructed The Wupper is a right tributary to the Rhine river in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Düsseldorf (ˈdʏsəldɔɐf is the capital city of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. The most powerful exponent of the early rulers of Berg was Engelbert II of Berg who was assassinated on November 7, 1225. Count Engelbert II of Berg, also known as Saint Engelbert, Engelbert of Cologne, Engelbert I Archbishop of Cologne or Engelbert I of Berg Archbishop Events 1492 - The Ensisheim Meteorite the oldest Meteorite with a known date of impact strikes the Earth around noon in a Wheat The count of Berg was on the winning side in the Battle of Worringen in 1288. The Battle of Worringen was fought on June 5, 1288 near the town of Worringen (also called Woeringen which is now considered to be a suburb of
The power of Berg was further enlarged in the 14th century. The County of Jülich was united with the County of Berg in 1348. In 1380 the counts of Berg were elevated to dukes creating the Duchy of Jülich-Berg.
Problems in succession
In 1509, John III, Duke of Cleves made a strategic marriage to Maria von Geldern, daughter of William VIII of Jülich-Berg, who became heiress to her father's estates: Jülich, Berg and County of Ravensberg, which under the salic laws of the Holy Roman Empire caused the properties to pass to the husband of the female heir (Woman could not hold property without a husband or guardian). John III "The Peaceful", Duke of Kleve - Mark (John III Duke of Cleves John I Duke of Jülich-Berg ( German: Johann III "Der Maria of Jülich-Berg ( 3 August 1491 - 29 August 1543) was born in Of Jülich the daughter of Wilhelm IV Duke of Jülich-Berg and Sibylle Berg was a medieval territory in today's North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. The County of Ravensberg (Grafschaft Ravensberg was a historical County of the Holy Roman Empire. Salic law ( Lat Lex Salica) was an important body of traditional Law codified for governing the Salian Franks in the Early Middle Ages The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in With the death of her father in 1521 the Dukes of Jülich-Berg became extinct, and the estate thus came to be ruled by John III, Duke of Cleves along with his birth territories, the County of the Mark and the Duchy of Cleves (Kleve) in a personal union. The County of Mark (Grafschaft Mark colloquially known as Die Mark) was a County of the Holy Roman Empire in the Lower Rhenish-Westphalian Circle The Duchy of Cleves (Herzogtum Kleve was a state of the Holy Roman Empire in present Germany (part of North Rhine-Westphalia) and the Netherlands As a result of this union, much of present North Rhine-Westphalia (except for the clerical states of the Archbishop of Cologne and Bishop of Münster) was ruled by the dukes of Jülich-Berg-Kleve-Mark. North Rhine-Westphalia (Nordrhein-Westfalen usually shortened to NRW, official short form NW is the westernmost and - in terms of population and economic output - the Bishops and Archbishops of Cologne Bishops of Colonia Agrippina, 88–784 All names before Maternus ('II' are to be approached with considerable The Bishopric of Münster was an ecclesiastical principality in the Holy Roman Empire, located in the northern part of today's North Rhine-Westphalia and western
However, the newest ducal dynasty also became extinct in 1609, when the last duke died, insane leading to a disputed succession of the various territories. A long dispute about the succession followed, before the territories were partitioned in 1614: Jülich and Berg were annexed by the Count Palatine of Neuburg, who had converted to Catholicism, while Cleves and Mark fell to the Elector of Brandenburg. Palatinate-Neuburg (Herzogtum Pfalz-Neuburg is a former state of the Holy Roman Empire, founded in 1505 Brandenburg ( Lower Sorbian: Bramborska; Upper Sorbian: Braniborska) is one of the sixteen states of Germany. Upon the extinction of the senior dynasty ruling the Palatinate in 1685, the Neuburg line inherited the Electorate, and generally made Düsseldorf their capital until the Elector Palatine inherited Bavaria as well in 1777. The Palatinate of the Rhine (Pfalzgrafschaft bei Rhein later the Electoral Palatinate (Kurpfalz was a historical territory of the Holy Roman Empire Year 1777 ( MDCCLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common
French revolution, Grand Duchy of Berg
The French annexation of Jülich during the French revolutionary wars separated the two duchies, and in 1803 Berg was separated from the other Bavarian territories and given to a junior branch of the Wittelsbachs. The Confederation of the Rhine or Rhine Confederation (Rheinbund États confédérés du Rhin officially and Confédération du Rhin in practice) lasted The French Revolutionary Wars were a series of major conflicts from 1792 until 1802 fought between the French Revolutionary government and several European states 1803 ( MDCCCIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Bavaria ( German:, with an area of 70553 Km² (27241 square miles and almost 12 The Wittelsbach family is a European Royal family and a German dynasty from Bavaria. In 1806, in the reorganization of Germany occasioned by the end of the Holy Roman Empire, Berg became a Grand Duchy under the rule of Napoleon's brother-in-law, Joachim Murat. Year 1806 ( MDCCCVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in Joachim-Napoléon Murat (born Joachim Murat) ( Gioacchino Napoleone Murat) ( March 25 1767 &ndash October 13 1815) The arms combined the red lion of Berg with the arms of the duchy of Cleves. The Duchy of Cleves (Herzogtum Kleve was a state of the Holy Roman Empire in present Germany (part of North Rhine-Westphalia) and the Netherlands The anchor and the batons were added because Murat was Grand Admiral and Marshal of the Empire. Being married to Napoleon's sister Murat was also entitled to the imperial eagle.
In 1809, one year after Murat has been promoted to the Kingdom of Naples, Napoleon's infant nephew, Prince Napoleon Louis Bonaparte (1804–1831, elder son of Napoleon's brother Louis Bonaparte, King of Holland) became Grand Duke, and the territory was administered by French bureaucrats. Year 1809 ( MDCCCIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The Kingdom of Naples was an informal name of the Polity officially known as the Kingdom of Sicily which existed on the mainland of the southern Italian Napoleon Louis Bonaparte ( October 11 1804 - March 17, 1831) or' Louis II of Holland', was the middle son of Louis Bonaparte Year 1804 ( MDCCCIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Year 1831 ( MDCCCXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Early life Louis was born Luigi Buonaparte in Ajaccio, Corsica. The Grand Duchy's short existence came to an end with Napoleon's defeat in 1813, and in the peace settlement that followed. Year 1813 ( MDCCCXIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common
Province of Jülich-Cleves-Berg
In 1815, after the Congress of Vienna, Berg was incorporated into a province of the Kingdom of Prussia: Province of Jülich-Cleves-Berg. The Congress of Vienna was a conference of ambassadors of the major powers of Europe, chaired by the Austrian statesman Clemens Wenzel von Metternich The Provinces of Prussia constituted the main administrative divisions of Prussia. The Kingdom of Prussia (Königreich Preußen was a German kingdom from 1701 to 1918 and from 1871 was the leading state of the German Empire, comprising }The Province of Jülich-Cleves-Berg (Provinz Jülich-Kleve-Berg was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1815-1822 In 1822 it was united with the Grand Duchy of the Lower Rhine to form the Rhine Province. }The Grand Duchy of the Lower Rhine (Großherzogtum Niederrhein or simply known as the Lower Rhine Province (Provinz Niederrhein was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia The Rhine Province (Rheinprovinz also known as Rhenish Prussia ( Rheinpreußen) was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia and the Free
Rulers of Berg
House of Ezzonen
- Hermann I "Pusillus" count palatine of Lotharingia
- Adolf I of Lotharingia, Vogt of Deutz
- Adolf II of Lotharingia, Vogt of Deutz
House of Berg
- 1077-1082 Adolf I of Berg, 1st count of Berg
- 1082-1093 Adolf II of Berg-Hövel (Huvili), count of Berg
- 1093-1132 Adolf III, count of Berg
- 1132-1160 Adolf IV, count of Berg
- 1160-1189 Engelbert I, count of Berg
- 1189-1218 Adolf VI, count of Berg
- 1218-1225 Engelbert II of Berg, Archbishop of Cologne, Regent of Berg
- 1218-1248 Irmgard, heiress of Berg
House of Limburg
- 1218-1247 Henry IV Duke of Limburg, count of Berg
- 1247-1259 Adolf VII count of Limburg, count of Berg
- 1259–1296 Adolf V. The Ezzonids (more commonly known as Ezzonen) were a dynasty of Lotharingian stock dating back as far as the ninth century Herman I (died 996 called Pusillus or the Slender, was the Count Palatine of Lotharingia and of several counties along the Rhine including Bonngau Eifelgau The Palatinate of the Rhine (Pfalzgrafschaft bei Rhein later the Electoral Palatinate (Kurpfalz was a historical territory of the Holy Roman Empire --> Lotharingia or Lorraine was a short-lived kingdom in Adolf I of Lotharingia, count of Keldachgau Vogt of Deutz from 1008 until 1018 is the son of Hermann I "Pusillus" (the Little Pfalzgraf Count palatine Adolf II of Lotharingia count in Keldachgau Vogt of Deutz (1002 – 1041 son of Adolf I of Lotharingia, count in Keldachgau Vogt of Deutz Adolf I of Berg, count of Berg from 1077 until 1082 Vogt of Werden Deutz Berg and Gerresheim (died 1086 son of Adolf II of Lotharingia count of Keldachgau Adolf II of Berg -Hövel (Huvili count of Berg, count in Auelgau and Siegburg Vogt of Werden (died 1090/1106 son of Adolf I of Berg. Adolf III of Berg was Count of Berg from 1093 until 1132 and count of Hövel from 1090 until 1106 Vogt of Werden (1080 – 12 October, Adolf IV of Berg count of Berg from 1132 until 1160 and of Altena (died after 1161 son of Adolf III of Berg count of Berg and Hövel Count Engelbert I of Berg (d July 1189 in Serbia) ruled the County of Berg from 1160 to 1189 Count Adolf VI of Berg (born before 1176 died 7 August 1218 at Damiette during the Hungarian crusade against Egypt) ruled the County Count Engelbert II of Berg, also known as Saint Engelbert, Engelbert of Cologne, Engelbert I Archbishop of Cologne or Engelbert I of Berg Archbishop Bishops and Archbishops of Cologne Bishops of Colonia Agrippina, 88–784 All names before Maternus ('II' are to be approached with considerable Irmgard of Berg, heiress of Berg (died 1248-9 daughter of Adolf VI count of Berg (1185-1218 and Berta von Sayn Henry IV (1195 &ndash 25 February 1247) was the Duke of Limburg and Count of Berg from 1226 to his death
- 1296–1308 William I.
- 1308–1348 Adolf VI.
House of Jülich(-Heimbach), Counts
– in union with Ravensberg –
- 1348–1360 Gerhard
- 1360–1380 Wilhelm II. ; becomes duke in 1380:
House of Jülich(-Heimbach), Dukes
– in union with Ravensberg (except 1389–1437) and since 1423 in union with the duchy of Jülich –
- 1380–1408 William I. The County of Ravensberg (Grafschaft Ravensberg was a historical County of the Holy Roman Empire. ;
- 1408–1437 Adolf
- 1437–1475 Gerhard
- 1475–1511 Wilhelm II.
House Mark, Dukes
– since 1521 a part of the duchy of Jülich-Cleves-Berg–
- 1511–1539 Johann
- 1539–1592 William III.
- 1592–1609 Johann Wilhelm I.
House of Wittelsbach, Dukes
– in union with Jülich und Palatinate-Neuburg, since 1690 also with the Electoral Palatinate, since 1777 also with Bavaria–
- 1614–1653 Wolfgang Wilhelm
- 1653–1679 Phillip Wilhelm
- 1679–1716 Johann Wilhelm II.
- 1716–1742 Karl Phillip
- 1742–1799 Karl Theodor
- 1799–1806 Maximilian Josef
French Grand Dukes
- 1806–1808 Joachim Murat
- 1808–1809 Napoléon Bonaparte
- 1809–1813 Napoleon Louis Bonaparte (under regency of Napoléon Bonaparte)
External links
- Edicts of Jülich, Cleves, Berg, Grand Duchy Berg, 1475-1815 (Coll. Scotti) online
- Historical Map of Northrhine-Westphalia 1789
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