| Benzyl alcohol | |
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| IUPAC name | Benzyl alcohol |
| Other names | Phenylmethanol Phenylcarbinol |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | [100-51-6] |
| SMILES | OCc1ccccc1 |
| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | C7H8O |
| Molar mass | 108. IUPAC Nomenclature is a system of naming Chemical compounds and of describing the science of Chemistry in general CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for Chemical compounds Polymers biological sequences mixtures and Alloys They are also referred to A chemical formula is a way of expressing information about the Atoms that constitute a particular Chemical compound, and how the relationship between those atoms changes Molar mass, symbol M, is the Mass of one mole of a substance ( Chemical element or Chemical compound) 14 g/mol |
| Density | 1. The density of a material is defined as its Mass per unit Volume: \rho = \frac{m}{V} Different materials usually have different 044 g/cm3 |
| Melting point |
-15 °C |
| Boiling point |
205 °C |
| Hazards | |
| MSDS | ScienceLab.com |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references |
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Benzyl alcohol is an organic compound with the formula C6H5CH2OH. The melting point of a solid is the temperature range at which it changes state from solid to Liquid. The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which the Vapor pressure of the liquid equals the environmental pressure surrounding the liquid A material safety data sheet ( MSDS) is a form containing data regarding the properties of a particular substance In Chemistry, the standard state of a material is its state at 1 bar (100 Kilopascals exactly An organic compound is any member of a large class of Chemical compounds whose Molecules contain Carbon. The benzyl group is commonly abbreviated "Bn", thus BnOH, for benzyl alcohol. In Organic chemistry, benzyl is the term used to describe the Substituent or molecular fragment possessing the structure C6H5CH2- Benzyl alcohol is a colorless liquid with a mild pleasant aromatic odor. It is a natural constituent of a variety of essential oils including jasmine, hyacinth, and ylang-ylang. An essential oil is a concentrated Hydrophobic Liquid containing volatile Aroma compounds from Plants They are also known as volatile Jasmine or Jessamine ( Jasminum) (from Persian yasmin, ie "gift from God" via Arabic) is a Genus of Shrubs A Hyacinth is any plant of genus Hyacinthus, which are bulbous Herbs formerly placed in the lily family Liliaceae but now regarded as the Ylang-ylang (ˈiːlæŋˈʔiːlæŋ (ee-lang ee-lang Cananga odorata, is a small flower of the Cananga tree [1] Benzyl alcohol is also a useful solvent due to its polarity, low toxicity, and low vapor pressure.
Benzyl alcohol is partially soluble in water (4 g/100 mL) and completely miscible in alcohols and ether. Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. In Chemistry, an alcohol is any Organic compound in which a Hydroxyl group ( - O[[hydrogen H]]) is bound to a Carbon Diethyl ether, also known as ether and ethoxyethane, is a clear colorless and highly Flammable liquid with a low Boiling point and a It is prepared by the hydrolysis of benzyl chloride using sodium hydroxide:
It can also be prepared via a Grignard reaction by reacting phenylmagnesium bromide (C6H5MgBr) with formaldehyde, followed by acidification. Hydrolysis is a Chemical reaction during which one or more water molecules are split into hydrogen and hydroxide ions which may go on to participate in further reactions Benzyl chloride, or α-chlorotoluene is an Organic compound consisting of a phenyl group substituted with a chloromethyl group Sodium hydroxide ( Na[[hydroxide OH]]) also known as Lye, caustic soda and (incorrectly according to IUPAC nomenclature Sodium hydroxide ( Na[[hydroxide OH]]) also known as Lye, caustic soda and (incorrectly according to IUPAC nomenclature For sodium chloride in the diet see Salt. Sodium chloride, also known as common salt, table salt, or Halite, is a The Grignard reaction, named for the French chemist François Auguste Victor Grignard, is an organometallic Chemical reaction in which Alkyl - Phenylmagnesium bromide, with the simplified formula C6H5MgBr is a a Magnesium -containing Organometallic compound. Formaldehyde is a Chemical compound with the formula H2CO It is the simplest Aldehyde —an organic compound containing a terminal Carbonyl Like most alcohols, it reacts with carboxylic acids to form esters. Carboxylic acids are Organic acids characterized by the presence of a Carboxyl group, which has the formula -C(=OOH usually written -COOH or -CO2H Esters are a class of Chemical compounds and Functional groups Esters consist of an inorganic or organic Acid in which at least
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Applications
Benzyl alcohol is used as a general solvent for inks, paints, lacquers, and epoxy resin coatings. A solvent is a liquid or gas that dissolves a solid liquid or gaseous Solute, resulting in a Solution. An ink is a Liquid containing various Pigments and/or Dyes used for coloring a surface to produce an Image, text, or Paint is any Liquid, liquifiable or mastic composition which after application to a substrate in a thin layer is converted to an opaque Solid In a general sense lacquer is a clear or coloured Varnish, that dries by solvent evaporation and often a curing process as well that produces a hard durable finish in any In Chemistry, epoxy or polyepoxide is a Thermosetting Epoxide Polymer that cures (polymerizes and crosslinks when mixed with a [2] It is also a precursor to a variety of esters, used in the soap, perfume, and flavor industries, as well as for pharmaceuticals. SOAP (see below for name and origins is a protocol for exchanging XML -based messages over Computer networks normally using Perfume is a mixture of fragrant Essential oils and Aroma compounds Fixatives and Solvents used to give the human body animals objects and living It exhibits bacteriostatic and antipruritic properties. Bacteriostatic Antibiotics limit the growth of bacteria by interfering with bacterial Protein production DNA replication or other aspects of Antipruritics, also known as anti-itch drugs, are Medications that inhibit the Itching (Latin Pruritus) that is often associated with Sunburns It is also used as a photographic developer.
Illustrative organic synthetic uses
In organic synthesis, benzyl esters are popular protecting groups because they can be removed by mild hydrogenolysis. A protecting group or protective group is introduced into a molecule by chemical modification of a Functional group in order to obtain Chemoselectivity Hydrogenolysis is a Chemical reaction whereby a carbon-carbon or carbon- Heteroatom single bond is cleaved or undergoes "lysis" by hydrogen [3]
BnOH reacts with acrylonitrile to give N-benzylacrylamide. Acrylonitrile is the Chemical compound with the formula CH2CHCN This is an example of a Ritter reaction:[4]
- C6H5CH2OH + NCCHCH2 → C6H5CH2N(H)C(O)CHCH2
Nanotechnological uses
Benzyl alcohol has been used as a dielectric solvent for the dielectrophoretic reconfiguration of nanowires. The Ritter reaction is a Chemical reaction that transforms a Nitrile into a N-alkyl Amide using various alkylating reagents for example strong acid and Dielectrophoresis (or DEP is a phenomenon in which a Force is exerted on a Dielectric particle when it is subjected to a non-uniform Electric field [5]
Health & safety
Benzyl alcohol is used as a bacteriostatic preservative in parenteral (IV) medications. Benzyl alcohol is also known for its toxic effects including respiratory failure, vasodilation, hypotension, convulsions, and paralysis. Sixteen Neonatal deaths have been associated with the use of benzyl alcohol as a preservative in saline flush solutions. [6] Preservative free solutions are now being used for the infant population.
Benzyl alcohol should be avoided by people with perfume allergy.
Other uses
Benzyl alcohol remarkably has nearly the same refraction index of quartz and wool fibre. The refractive index (or index of Refraction) of a medium is a measure for how much the speed of light (or other waves such as sound waves is reduced inside the medium Quartz (from German) is the most abundant Mineral in the Earth 's Continental crust (although Feldspar is more common in If a clear quartz object is immersed in benzyl alcohol therefore it becomes almost invisible. This has been used as a method to non-destructively recognize if an object is made of true quartz or not (see Crystal skulls). The crystal skulls are a number of Human skull models fashioned from blocks of clear or milky quartz crystal rock claimed to be Pre-Columbian Similarly, white wool immersed in benzyl alcohol also becomes almost invisible clearly revealing contaminants such as dark & medullated fibres and vegetable matter.
References
- ^ Merck Index, 11th Edition, 1138.
- ^ Benzyl alcohol at chemicalland21.com
- ^ Furuta, K. ; Gao, Q. -Z. ; Yamamoto, H. (1998). "Chiral (Acyloxy)borane Complex-Catalyzed Asymmetric Diels-Alder Reaction: (1R)-1,3,4-Trimethyl-3-Cyclohexene-1-Carboxaldehyde". Org. Synth.; Coll. Organic Syntheses is a Scientific journal that since 1921 has provided the Chemistry community with annual collections of detailed and checked procedures Vol. 9: 722.
- ^ Parris, C. L. (1973). "N-benzylacrylamide". Org. Synth.; Coll. Organic Syntheses is a Scientific journal that since 1921 has provided the Chemistry community with annual collections of detailed and checked procedures Vol. 5: 73.
- ^ Alexander Wissner-Gross (19 Oct 2006). "Nanowires get reconfigured". Nanotechweb. org.
- ^ "Neonatal Deaths Associated With Use Of Benzyl Alcohol — United States" (11 Jun 1982). Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 31 (22): 290-1.
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