Benzaldehyde

Benzaldehyde

IUPAC name	Benzaldehyde
Systematic name	Benzenecarbaldehyde
Other names	Phenylmethanal Benzenecarboxaldehyde Benzoic aldehyde
Identifiers
CAS number	[100-52-7]
SMILES	c1ccccc1C=O
Properties
Molecular formula	C₇H₆O
Molar mass	106. IUPAC Nomenclature is a system of naming Chemical compounds and of describing the science of Chemistry in general IUPAC Nomenclature is a system of naming Chemical compounds and of describing the science of Chemistry in general CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for Chemical compounds Polymers biological sequences mixtures and Alloys They are also referred to A chemical formula is a way of expressing information about the Atoms that constitute a particular Chemical compound, and how the relationship between those atoms changes Molar mass, symbol M, is the Mass of one mole of a substance ( Chemical element or Chemical compound) 13 g/mol
Appearance	colorless liquid
Density	1. The density of a material is defined as its Mass per unit Volume: \rho = \frac{m}{V} Different materials usually have different 0415 g/ml, liquid
Melting point	−26 °C
Boiling point	178. The melting point of a solid is the temperature range at which it changes state from solid to Liquid. The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which the Vapor pressure of the liquid equals the environmental pressure surrounding the liquid 1 °C
Solubility in water	Slightly soluble (0. Solubility is the characteristic Physical property referring to the ability of a given substance the Solute, to dissolve in a Solvent. Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. 6 wt at 20 °C)
Viscosity	1. Viscosity is a measure of the resistance of a Fluid which is being deformed by either Shear stress or Extensional stress. 4 cP at 25 °C
Thermochemistry
Std enthalpy of formation Δ_fH^o₂₉₈	−86. The poise (symbol P pwɑːz is the unit of dynamic Viscosity in the Centimetre gram second system of units. The standard enthalpy of formation or "standard heat of formation" of a compound is the change of Enthalpy that accompanies the formation of 1 mole of a 8 kJ/mol
Std enthalpy of combustion Δ_cH^o₂₉₈	−3525. The standard enthalpy of combustion is the Enthalpy change when one mole of a substance completely reacts with oxygen under standard thermodynamic conditions (although 1 kJ/mol
Hazards
MSDS	J. T. Baker
EU classification	Harmful (Xn)
NFPA 704	2 2 0
R-phrases	R22
S-phrases	(S2), S24
Flash point	63 C (Closed Cup)
Related compounds
Related aldehydes	anisaldehyde vanillin
Related compounds	Benzyl alcohol Benzoic acid
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references

Benzaldehyde (C₆H₅CHO) is a chemical compound consisting of a benzene ring with an aldehyde substituent. A material safety data sheet ( MSDS) is a form containing data regarding the properties of a particular substance Council Directive 67/548/EEC of 27 June 1967 on the approximation of laws regulations and administrative provisions relating to the classification packaging and labelling Symbolism The four divisions are typically color-coded with blue indicating level of Health Hazard, red indicating R-phrases (short for Risk Phrases) are defined in Annex III of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Nature of special risks attributed to dangerous R-phrases (short for Risk Phrases) are defined in Annex III of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Nature of special risks attributed to dangerous S-phrases are defined in Annex IV of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Safety advice concerning dangerous substances and preparations. S-phrases are defined in Annex IV of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Safety advice concerning dangerous substances and preparations. S-phrases are defined in Annex IV of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Safety advice concerning dangerous substances and preparations. The flash point of a flammable liquid is the lowest Temperature at which it can form an ignitable mixture in air In the Pensky-Martens closed cup flash point test, a Brass test cup is filled with a test specimen and fitted with a cover An aldehyde is an organic compound containing a terminal Carbonyl group. Anisaldehyde, or anisic aldehyde is an Organic compound that consists of a benzene ring substituted with an Aldehyde and a Methoxy group Vanillin, methyl vanillin, or 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde, is an Organic compound with the molecular formula C8H8O3 Benzyl alcohol is an Organic compound with the formula C6H5CH2OH Benzoic acid, C7H6O2 (or C6H5COOH is a colorless crystalline solid and the simplest Aromatic Carboxylic acid In Chemistry, the standard state of a material is its state at 1 bar (100 Kilopascals exactly Benzene, or benzol, is an organic Chemical compound and a known Carcinogen with the molecular formula C 6 H 6 An aldehyde is an organic compound containing a terminal Carbonyl group. It is the simplest representative of the aromatic aldehydes and one of the most industrially used members of this family of compounds. At room temperature it is a colorless liquid with a characteristic and pleasant almond-like odor: benzaldehyde is an important component of the scent of almonds, hence its typical odor. The Almond ( Prunus dulcis, syn Prunus amygdalus Batsch Amygdalus communis L It is the primary component of bitter almond oil extract, and can be extracted from a number of other natural sources in which it occurs, such as apricot, cherry, and laurel leaves, peach seeds and, in a glycoside combined form (amygdalin), in certain nuts and kernels. The Apricot ( Prunus armeniaca, "Armenian plum" in Latin syn This article is about the Cherry berry also classified as fruit for the ornamental tree See Cherry Blossom. The Bay Laurel ( Laurus nobilis, Lauraceae) also known as True Laurel, Sweet Bay, Grecian Laurel, Laurel, or In Botany, a leaf is an above-ground Plant organ specialized for Photosynthesis. The peach ( Prunus persica) is a species of Prunus native to China that bears an edible juicy fruit also called a peach A seed (in some plants referred to as a kernel) is a small embryonic Plant enclosed in a covering called the seed coat usually with some stored Amygdalin (from Greek: grc-Latn amygdálē “almond” C20H27NO11 is a Glycoside initially isolated from the seeds Nut is a general term for the large dry oily Seeds or Fruit of some Plants. A seed (in some plants referred to as a kernel) is a small embryonic Plant enclosed in a covering called the seed coat usually with some stored Currently benzaldehyde is primarily made from toluene by a number of different processes. Toluene, also known as methylbenzene or phenylmethane, is a clear water -insoluble liquid with the typical smell of Paint thinners redolent of

1 Production
2 Reactions
3 Uses
4 Biology
5 References
6 External links

Production

Benzaldehyde can be obtained by many processes. Currently liquid phase chlorination or oxidation of toluene are among the most used processes. "Fluorination" redirects here For the addition of fluoride to drinking water see Water fluoridation. Redox (shorthand for reduction-oxidation reaction describes all Chemical reactions in which atoms have their Oxidation number ( Oxidation state Toluene, also known as methylbenzene or phenylmethane, is a clear water -insoluble liquid with the typical smell of Paint thinners redolent of There are also a number of discontinued applications such as partial oxidation of benzyl alcohol, alkali treating of benzal chloride and reaction between benzene and carbon monoxide. Benzyl alcohol is an Organic compound with the formula C6H5CH2OH In Chemistry, an alkali (from Arabic: Al-Qaly القلي القالي) is a basic, ionic salt of an Alkali metal Benzal chloride is an Organic compound with the formula C6H5CHCl2 Carbon monoxide, with the chemical formula CO is a colorless odorless tasteless yet highly toxic Gas.

Reactions

On oxidation, benzaldehyde is converted into the odorless benzoic acid. Benzoic acid, C7H6O2 (or C6H5COOH is a colorless crystalline solid and the simplest Aromatic Carboxylic acid Benzyl alcohol can be formed from benzaldehyde by means of hydrogenation or by treating the compound with alcoholic potassium hydroxide thus undergoing a simultaneous oxidation and reduction which result in the production of potassium benzoate and benzyl alcohol. Benzyl alcohol is an Organic compound with the formula C6H5CH2OH Hydrogenation is the Chemical reaction that results in addition of Hydrogen (H2 Potassium hydroxide is the Inorganic compound with the formula K[[hydroxide OH]] Redox (shorthand for reduction-oxidation reaction describes all Chemical reactions in which atoms have their Oxidation number ( Oxidation state Potassium benzoate, the potassium salt of Benzoic acid, is a food Preservative that inhibits the growth of Mold, Yeast and some bacteria Reaction of benzaldehyde with anhydrous sodium acetate and acetic anhydride yields cinnamic acid, while alcoholic potassium cyanide can be used to catalyze the condensation of benzaldehyde to benzoin. Sodium acetate, (also sodium ethanoate) is the Sodium salt of Acetic acid. Acetic anhydride is the Chemical compound with the formula (CH3CO2O Cinnamic acid has the formula C6H5CHCHCOOH and is a white crystalline Acid, which is slightly Soluble in water Potassium cyanide is an Inorganic compound with the formula KCN Catalysis is the process in which the rate of a Chemical reaction is increased by means of a Chemical substance known as a catalyst "Benzoin" is also used to describe Benzoin resin, which does not contain the benzoin described on this page

Benzaldehyde can also undergo disproportionation in concentrated alkali (Cannizzaro's reaction): one molecule of the aldehyde is reduced to the corresponding alcohol and another molecule is simultaneously oxidized to the salt of a carboxylic acid. Disproportionation or dismutation is used to describe two particular types of chemical reaction A chemical reaction of the type 2A → A' + A" where The Cannizzaro reaction, named after its discoverer Stanislao Cannizzaro, is a Chemical reaction that involves the base -induced Disproportionation Carboxylic acids are Organic acids characterized by the presence of a Carboxyl group, which has the formula -C(=OOH usually written -COOH or -CO2H The speed of this reaction depends on the substituents present in the aromatic ring.

Uses

While it is commonly employed as a commercial food flavourant (almond flavour) or industrial solvent, benzaldehyde is used chiefly in the synthesis of other organic compounds, ranging from pharmaceuticals to plastic additives. Flavor or flavour is the sensory impression of a Food or other substance, and is determined The Almond ( Prunus dulcis, syn Prunus amygdalus Batsch Amygdalus communis L A solvent is a liquid or gas that dissolves a solid liquid or gaseous Solute, resulting in a Solution. It is also an important intermediate for the processing of perfume and flavouring compounds and in the preparation of certain aniline dyes. Aniline, phenylamine or aminobenzene is an Organic compound with the formula C6H7N A dye can generally be described as a Colored substance that has an affinity to the substrate to which it is being applied

The synthesis of mandelic acid starts from benzaldehyde:

First hydrocyanic acid is added to benzaldehyde and the resulting mandelic acid nitrile is subsequently hydrolysed to a racemic mixture of mandelic acid. Mandelic acid is an Aromatic Alpha hydroxy acid with the molecular formula C8H8O3 Hydrogen cyanide is a Chemical compound with Chemical formula HCN A nitrile is any Organic compound which has a - C ≡ N Functional group. Hydrolysis is a Chemical reaction during which one or more water molecules are split into hydrogen and hydroxide ions which may go on to participate in further reactions In Chemistry, a racemic mixture, or racemate, is one that has equal amounts of left- and right-handed enantiomers of a chiral Mandelic acid is an Aromatic Alpha hydroxy acid with the molecular formula C8H8O3 (The scheme above depicts only one of the two formed enantiomers). In Chemistry, an enantiomer ( from the Greek ἐνάντιος opposite and μέρος part or portion is one of two Stereoisomers that are nonsuperimposable

Glaciologists LaChapelle and Stillman reported in 1966 that benzaldeyde and N-heptaldehyde inhibit the recrystallization of snow and therefore the formation of depth hoar. Depth hoares are large Crystals occurring at the base of a Snowpack that form from when uprising water Vapor freezes onto existing snow crystal This treatment may prevent avalanches caused by unstable depth hoar layers. However, the chemicals are not in widespread use because they damage vegetation and contaminate water supplies.

Biology

Almonds, apricots, apples and cherry kernels, contain significant amounts of amygdalin. The Almond ( Prunus dulcis, syn Prunus amygdalus Batsch Amygdalus communis L The Apricot ( Prunus armeniaca, "Armenian plum" in Latin syn The apple is the pomaceous Fruit of the apple tree Species Malus domestica in the Rose family Rosaceae. This article is about the Cherry berry also classified as fruit for the ornamental tree See Cherry Blossom. Amygdalin (from Greek: grc-Latn amygdálē “almond” C20H27NO11 is a Glycoside initially isolated from the seeds This glycoside breaks up under enzyme catalysis into benzaldehyde, hydrocyanic acid and two molecules of glucose. Hydrogen cyanide is a Chemical compound with Chemical formula HCN Glucose (Glc a Monosaccharide (or simple Sugar) also known as grape sugar, is an important Carbohydrate in Biology.

References

External links

Dictionary

-noun

(organic chemistry, uncountable) A chemical compound (C₆H₅CHO) consisting of a benzene ring with an aldehyde substituent.
(countable) Any of various derivatives of benzaldehyde.

© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
network: | |

Contents