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Benozzo Gozzoli: a self-portrait which appears in his fresco of the Procession of the Magi.
Benozzo Gozzoli: a self-portrait which appears in his fresco of the Procession of the Magi.

Benozzo Gozzoli (c. 1421 – 1497) was an Italian Renaissance painter from Florence. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest The Renaissance (from French Renaissance, meaning "rebirth" Italian: Rinascimento, from re- "again" and nascere Painting (pān'tīng in Art, is the practice of applying Color to a Surface (support base such as e He is best known for a series of murals in the Palazzo Medici-Riccardi depicting festive, vibrant processions with wonderful attention to detail and a pronounced International Gothic influence. The Palazzo Medici, also called the Palazzo Medici Riccardi for the later family that acquired and expanded it is a Renaissance Palace located in International Gothic is a phase of Gothic art which developed in Burgundy, Bohemia, France and northern Italy in the late

Contents

Biography

Apprenticeship

He was born Benozzo di Lese[1]in the village of Sant'Ilario a Colombano around 1421, and moved with his family to Florence in 1427. Florence ( Italian: Firenze Florentia and Fiorenza) is the Capital City of the Italian region of Tuscany According to Giorgio Vasari, in the early part of his career he was a pupil and assistant of Fra Angelico: some of the works in the convent of San Marco of Florence were executed by Gozzoli from Angelico's design. Giorgio Vasari ( 30 July 1511 – 27 June 1574) was an Italian painter and Architect, who is today famous Fra Angelico (c 1395 &ndash February 18 1455) born Guido di Pietro, was an Early Italian Renaissance painter referred to in Vasari San Marco is the name of religious complex in Florence, Italy. In 1444-1447 he collaborated with Lorenzo Ghiberti and his studio on the Paradise Doors of the Battistero di San Giovanni. Lorenzo Ghiberti (born Lorenzo di Bartolo) (1378 &ndash December 1, 1455) was an Italian artist of the early Renaissance best known The Florence Baptistry or Battistero di San Giovanni ( Baptistery of St

On May 23, 1447 Gozzoli was in Rome with Fra Angelico, called by Pope Eugene IV to carry out the fresco decoration of a chapel in the Vatican Palace. Events 1430 - Siege of Compiègne: Joan of Arc is captured by the Burgundians while leading an army to relieve Compiègne Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Fra Angelico (c 1395 &ndash February 18 1455) born Guido di Pietro, was an Early Italian Renaissance painter referred to in Vasari Pope Eugene IV (1383 &ndash February 23, 1447) born Gabriele Condulmer, was Pope from March 3, 1431, to his death Later the two worked until June 1448 in the Cappella Niccolina for Nicholas V. The Niccoline Chapel (Italian Cappella Niccolina) is a Chapel in the Vatican Palace. See also Antipope Nicholas V. Pope Nicholas V (Italian Niccolò V; November 15, 1397 &ndash March From 1449 is a banner with Madonna and Child in the church of Santa Maria sopra Minerva, perhaps designed by Angelico. Santa Maria sopra Minerva is a Basilica church in Rome. The church located in the Campus Martius region is considered the only Gothic In Rome he executed also, in Santa Maria in Aracoeli, a fresco of St Anthony and Two Angels. Santa Maria in Aracoeli (" St Mary of the Altar of Heaven " is a titular Basilica church in Rome, located on Fresco (plural either frescos or frescoes) is any of several related Painting types done on Plaster on walls or Benozzo's last collaboration with Angelico is the vault of the Duomo di Orvieto in Umbria. The Duomo di Orvieto is a large 14th century Roman Catholic Cathedral situated in the town of Orvieto in Umbria, central Italy. Umbria is one of the 20 Regions of Italy. The capital is Perugia.

In Umbria

In 1449 he left Angelico, and moved to Umbria. From 1450 is an Annunciation in Narni, signed OPU[S] BENOT[I] DE FLORENT[IA]. Narni is an ancient hilltown and Comune of Umbria in central Italy, with 20100 inhabitants according to the 2003 census at altitude 240 m (787 ft In the monastery of San Fortunato, near Montefalco, he painted a Madonna and Child with Saints and Angels, and three other works. Montefalco is a town and Comune in the central part of the Italian Province of Perugia, ( Umbria) on an outcrop of the Colli Martani One of these, the altarpiece representing St Thomas receiving the Girdle of the Virgin, is now in the Lateran Museum and shows the affinity of Benozzo's early style to Angelico's. The Pontifical Museum of Christian Antiquities is a Museum founded by the Popes housed in the Lateran Palace, adjacent to the Basilica of St He next painted in the monastery of S. Francesco, Montefalco, filling the choir with three registers of subjects from the life of the saint, with various accessories, including portrait heads of Dante, Petrarch and Giotto. Francesco Petrarca ( July 20, 1304 – July 19, 1374) known in English as Petrarch, was an Italian scholar This work was completed in 1452, and is still marked by the style of Angelico, crossed here and there with a more distinctly Giottesque influence. In the same church, in the chapel of Saint Jerome, is a fresco by Gozzoli of the Virgin and Saints, the Crucifixion and other subjects. Jerome (c 347 – September 30, 420) ( Latin: Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus; Εὐσέβιος Σωφρόνιος Ἱερώνυμος Crucifixion (from Latin crucifixio, noun of process crucifixio, from perfect passive participle crucifixus, fixed to a cross from

He remained at Montefalco (with an interval at Viterbo) probably till 1456, employing Pier Antonio Mezzastris as assistant. Viterbo is an ancient city and Comune in the Lazio region of central Italy, the capital of the Province of Viterbo. Pier Antonio Mezzastris (or Mezastris; c 1430 &ndash c 1506 was an Italian painter, belonging to the Umbrian school of painting Thence he went to Perugia, and painted in a church a Virgin and Saints that is now in the local academy. Perugia is the capital City of the region of Umbria in central Italy, near the Tiber river and the capital of the Province of Perugia

Soon afterwards her returned to his native Florence, the epicenter of Quattrocento art. Between 1459 and 1461, Gozzoli painted what may be his most important work: his frescoes of the Magi in the Magi Chapel of the Palazzo Medici-Riccardi, the Journey of the Magi to Bethlehem, and in the tribune, a composition of Angels in Paradise. The Magi Chapel is a Chapel in Palazzo Medici Riccardi of Florence. The Palazzo Medici, also called the Palazzo Medici Riccardi for the later family that acquired and expanded it is a Renaissance Palace located in Gozzoli incorporated portraits of the Medici family into his fresco The Journey of the Magi. Gozzoli also included his self-portrait in the procession, with his name written around the rim of his cap (illustration above). His 'Virgin and Child with Saints of 1461, in the National Gallery, London, belongs also to the period of this stay in Florence. [2]

The Glory of St. Thomas Aquinas, detail. Paris, Musée du Louvre.
The Glory of St. Thomas Aquinas, detail. Paris, Musée du Louvre. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city The Louvre Museum (Musée du Louvre located in Paris is the world's most visited art museum a historic monument and a national museum of France

Late years in Tuscany

In 1464 Gozzoli left Florence for San Gimignano, where he executed some extensive works; in the church of Sant'Agostino, a composition of St. The Collegiata is the main church of San Gimignano, Tuscany, situated in the Piazza del Duomo at the town's heart Sebastian protecting the City from the Plague of this same year, 1464; over the entire choir of the church, a triple course of scenes from the legends of St Augustine, from the time of his entering the school of Tegaste on to his burial, seventeen chief subjects, with some accessories; in the Pieve di San Gimignano, the Martyrdom of Sebastian, and other subjects, and some further works in the city and its vicinity. Here his style combined something of Filippo Lippi with its original elements, and he received co-operation from Giusto d'Andrea. Fra' Filippo Lippi (1406 &ndash October 8 1469

He stayed in this city till 1467, and in 1469 began the vast series of mural paintings in the Campo Santo of Pisa with which his name is specially identified. Pisa is a city in Tuscany, central Italy, on the right bank of the mouth of the Arno River on the Ligurian Sea. There are twenty-four subjects from the Old Testament, from the Invention of Wine by Noah to the Visit of the Queen of Sheba to Solomon. In Western Christianity, the Old Testament refers to the books that form the first of the two-part Christian Biblical canon. The Queen of Sheba (ንግሥተ ሳባ, 'מלכת שבא, ملكة سبأ) was the woman who ruled the ancient kingdom of Sheba and is referred to in Habeshan King Solomon ( Ge'ez: ስለሞን Arabic: ar سليمان, Sulayman, all from the Triliteral root S-L-M, "peace" He contracted to paint three subjects per year for about ten ducats each. It appears, however, that this contract was not strictly adhered to, for the actual rate of painting was only three pictures in two years. Perhaps the great multitude of figures and accessories was accepted as a set-off against the slower rate of production.

By January 1470 he had executed the fresco of Noah and his Family, followed by the Curse of Ham, the Building of the Tower of Babel (which contains portraits of Cosimo de' Medici, the young Lorenzo, Angelo Poliziano and others), the Destruction of Sodom, the Victory of Abraham, the Marriages of Rebecca and of Rachel, the Life of Moses, etc. The Tower of Babel (מגדל בבל Migdal Bavel برج بابل Burj Babil) is a structure featured in chapter 11 of the Book of Genesis, an enormous Cosimo di Giovanni de' Medici (September 27 1389 &ndash August 1 1464 was the first of the Medici political dynasty de facto rulers of Lorenzo de' Medici (January 1 1449 &ndash 9 April 1492 was an Italian statesman and de facto ruler of the Florentine Republic during the Italian Renaissance Angelo Ambrogini, best known as Poliziano ( July 14, 1454 &ndash September 24, 1494) was a Florentine Classical In the Cappella Ammannati, facing a gate of the Campo Santo, he painted also an Adoration of the Magi, wherein appears a portrait of himself. The Adoration of the Magi is the name traditionally given to the Christian subject in the Nativity of Jesus in art in which the three Magi, represented as kings

Three Wise Men, fresco in the Magi Chapel of Palazzo Medici-Riccardi, Florence, 1459-1461.
Three Wise Men, fresco in the Magi Chapel of Palazzo Medici-Riccardi, Florence, 1459-1461. "Three Kings" or "Three Wise Men" redirects here Fresco (plural either frescos or frescoes) is any of several related Painting types done on Plaster on walls or The Magi Chapel is a Chapel in Palazzo Medici Riccardi of Florence. The Palazzo Medici, also called the Palazzo Medici Riccardi for the later family that acquired and expanded it is a Renaissance Palace located in Florence ( Italian: Firenze Florentia and Fiorenza) is the Capital City of the Italian region of Tuscany

All this enormous mass of work, in which Benozzo was probably assisted by Zanobi Macchiavelli, was performed, in addition to several other pictures during his stay in Pisa (including the Glory of St. Thomas Aquinas, now in the Louvre), in sixteen years, lasting up to 1485. This is the latest date which can with certainty be assigned to any work from his hand. Gozzoli died in Pistoia in 1497, perhaps of a pestilence. Pistoia is a city in the Tuscany region of Italy, the capital of a province of the same name, located about 30 km west and north of Florence

In 1478 the Pisan authorities had given him, as a token of their regard, a tomb in the Campo Santo. He had likewise a house of his own in Pisa, and houses and land in Florence.

Detail
Detail

Evaluation

According to the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition: "Gozzoli's art does not rival that of his greatest contemporaries, either in elevation or in strength, but it is attractive because of its sense of what is rich, lively and abundant in the appearances of people and objects. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica His landscapes, which are crowded with birds and animals, especially dogs, are more varied, and alluring than those of any predecessor; his compositions are crowded with figures, more characteristically true when happily and gracefully occupied than when the demands of the subject require tragic or dramatic intensity, or turmoil of action; his colours are bright and festive. Gozzoli's genius was, on the whole, more versatile and referential than particularly original; his drawings exhibited some imperfections, especially towards the edges, and in his draftmanship, and in the perspective of his elaborate buildings. In fresco-painting he used the technique of tempera. Tempera (also known as egg tempera) is a type of artist's Paint and associated art techniques that were known from the classical world where it appears Of his untiring industry, the intensity of his work and the number of paintings produced are the most convincing proof. . . In rectitude of life he is said to have been worthy of his first master, Fra Angelico. "

Major works

References

Notes

  1. ^ The nickname "Gozzoli" does not appear in any documents; Giorgio Vasari recorded it in his second edition of the Vite (1568). The Lives of the Most Excellent Painters Sculptors and Architects, or Le Vite delle più eccellenti pittori scultori ed architettori as it was originally known
  2. ^ Another small picture in the same gallery, the Rape of Helen, is of dubious authenticity.

External links

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