| Benjamin Smith Barton | |
 | |
| Born | February 10, 1766 |
|---|---|
| Died | December 19, 1815 (aged 49) New York City |
| Nationality | American |
| Fields | Botany |
| Institutions | University of Philadelphia |
Benjamin Smith Barton (February 10, 1766 - December 19, 1815) was an American botanist and physician. Events 1355 - The St Scholastica's Day riot breaks out in Oxford, England, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead Year 1766 ( MDCCLXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 324 - Licinius abdicates his position as Roman Emperor. Year 1815 ( MDCCCXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The City of New York The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Botany, plant science(s, phytology, or plant biology is a branch of Biology and is the scientific study of plant Life Philadelphia University, founded in 1884 is a private University located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Events 1355 - The St Scholastica's Day riot breaks out in Oxford, England, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead Year 1766 ( MDCCLXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 324 - Licinius abdicates his position as Roman Emperor. Year 1815 ( MDCCCXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Botany, plant science(s, phytology, or plant biology is a branch of Biology and is the scientific study of plant Life A physician, medical practitioner or medical doctor who practices Medicine, and is concerned with maintaining or restoring human Health
Barton studied at the York Academy in Lancaster, Pennsylvania from 1780 to 1782, then attended the College of Philadelphia, studying medicine under Thomas Shippen from 1784, and accompanying David Rittenhouse on an expedition to survey the western boundary of Pennsylvania in 1785, which aroused his interest in Native Americans. Lancaster is a city in the South Central part of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and is the County seat of Lancaster County. The Academy and College of Philadelphia in Philadelphia Pennsylvania, USA, is considered by many to have been the first American Academy. David Rittenhouse ( April 8, 1732 June 26, 1796) was a renowned American Astronomer, Inventor, Clockmaker Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States In 1786 he transferred to the University of Edinburgh, where he stayed for two years before leaving as a result of disagreements with two professors. The University of Edinburgh (Oilthigh Dhùn Èideann founded in 1582 is a renowned centre for teaching and research in Edinburgh, Scotland, UK. He then moved to the University of Göttingen, from which he obtained an M.D. in 1789. The University of Göttingen ( German: Georg-August-Universität Göttingen) is a University in the city of Göttingen, Germany. Doctor of Medicine ( MD or MD, from the Latin Medicinæ Doctor meaning "Teacher of Medicine" is a doctoral Year 1789 ( MDCCLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common
Upon graduation, Barton returned to the College of Philadelphia as an instructor, which would soon (in 1781) merge with the University of Pennsylvania. The University of Pennsylvania (also known as Penn) is a private University located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. In 1790 he was appointed professor of botany and natural history, and in 1795 chair of materia medica. Botany, plant science(s, phytology, or plant biology is a branch of Biology and is the scientific study of plant Life Natural history is the Scientific research of Plants or Animals leaning more towards the Observational than Experimental methods Materia medica is a Latin medical term for the body of collected knowledge about the therapeutic properties of any substance used for healing In 1813 he became chair of the theory and practice of medicine following the death of Benjamin Rush, but continued to retain his position in natural history and botany. Benjamin Rush ( December 24 1745 &ndash April 19 1813) was a Founding Father of the United States. Concurrently with his academic position, he served as a physician at Pennsylvania Hospital from 1798 through his death in 1815. Pennsylvania Hospital ("Pennsy" is a Hospital in Center City Philadelphia currently affiliated with the University of Pennsylvania Health System
In 1803 Barton published Elements of botany, or Outlines of the natural history of vegetables, the first American handbook of botany. From 1798-1804, he published a work on plants for medical use.
Barton was also interested in anatomy and zoology, and published Memoir Concerning the Fascinating Faculty Which Has been Ascribed to the Rattle-Snake. Anatomy (from the Greek anatomia, from ana separate apart from and temnein, to cut up cut open is a branch of Biology that is the consideration Zoology (from Greek ζῷον, zoon, "animal" + λόγος, " Logos " "knowledge" is the branch of In 1803 he published a comparative study of linguistics, Etymology of Certain English Words and one Their Affinity to Words in the Languages of Different European, Asiatic and American (Indian) Nations and a test on the origin of the first American people, New Views of the Origin of the Tribes and Nations of America (1797). He was the editor of Philadelphia Medical and Physical Journal (1805-1808), one of the oldest scientific publications of the United States.
Barton made one significant contribution to the field of archaeology as well. Archaeology, archeology, or archæology (from Greek grc ἀρχαιολογία archaiologia – grc ἀρχαῖος archaīos Although his Observations on Some Parts of Natural History in 1787 incorrectly attributed the prehistoric mounds of Ohio to the Danish people, his 1797 book (mentioned above) correctly identifies the Mound builders as Native Americans. A mound is a general term for an artificial heaped Pile of Earth, Gravel, Sand, rocks Ohio ( is a Midwestern state of the United States. As part of the Great Lakes region, Ohio has long been a cultural and geographical crossroads The term Dane may refer to People with a Danish ancestral or ethnic identity whether living in Denmark, emigrants or the descendants of emigrants Mound Builder is a general term referring to the American Indians who constructed various styles of earthen Mounds for burial residential and ceremonial purposes While he was not the first to make this claim, he may have been the first to suggest a significant age to the mounds, speculating that they may have been older than James Ussher's famous Biblical chronology. James Ussher (sometimes spelled Usher) (4 January 1581–21 March 1656 was Anglican Archbishop of Armagh and Primate of All Ireland Barton also correctly guessed that Native Americans had an Asian origin.
In botany, his author abbreviation is Barton. Botany, plant science(s, phytology, or plant biology is a branch of Biology and is the scientific study of plant Life
He was vice president of the American Philosophical Society from 1802 to his death, and president of the Philadelphia Medical Society from 1808 to his death. The American Philosophical Society is a discussion group founded in 1743 by Benjamin Franklin as an offshoot of his earlier club the Junto. He died of tuberculosis in New York City. Tuberculosis (abbreviated as TB for tubercle bacillus or T u' b' erculosis Bacillus --> is a common The City of New York
His older brother, William Barton, was also a member of the American Philosophical Society. William Barton (1754-1817 was a Pennsylvania lawyer scholar and the designer (with Charles Thomson) of the Great Seal of the United States. His maternal uncle, David Rittenhouse, served as the Society's second president after the death of founder Benjamin Franklin in 1790. David Rittenhouse ( April 8, 1732 June 26, 1796) was a renowned American Astronomer, Inventor, Clockmaker Benjamin Franklin ( April 17 1790 was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States of America. Year 1790 ( MDCCXC) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year
References
- Joseph Ewan and Nesta Dunn Ewan (2007). Benjamin Smith Barton, Naturalist and Physician in Jeffersonian America. St. Louis: Missouri Botanical Garden Press. ISBN 978-1930723351
- Rolf Swensen (1997). "Barton, Benjamin Smith". Biographical Dictionary of American and Canadian Naturalists and Environmentalists. Ed. Keir B. Sterling et al. Greenwood Press. pp. 59–61. ISBN 0313230471.
External links
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| NAME | Barton, Benjamin Smith |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | |
| SHORT DESCRIPTION | American botanist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | February 10, 1766 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | |
| DATE OF DEATH | December 19, 1815 |
| PLACE OF DEATH | New York City |
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