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The history of cinema in Bengal dates back to the 1890s, when the first "bioscopes" were shown in theatres in Calcutta. South Asian cinema refers to the cinema of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Afghanistan, Sri Lanka, Nepal, This article addresses Persian and Pashto cinemas of Afghanistan The Bangladeshi film industry, popularly known as Dallywood (a Portmanteau of the words Dhaka and Hollywood) has The Indian film industry is the largest in the world in terms of ticket sales and number of films produced annually (877 feature films and 1177 short films were released in the year 2003 Assamese cinema was born in 1935 when Jyoti Prasad Agarwala released his movie Joymoti. Bollywood (बॉलीवूड بالی وڈ is the informal term popularly used for the Mumbai -based Hindi-language Film industry in India The Cinema of Karnataka, sometimes colloquially referred to as Sandalwood encompasses movies made in the Indian state of Karnataka. Tamil cinema or Kollywood ( Tamil: கோலிவுட் kōlivūṭ) is the English name of the popular Tamil Film Industry based in the Malayalam cinema refers to Films made in the Indian state of Kerala in the Malayalam language. Marathi cinema (मराठी चित्रपट is one of the oldest in regional Indian films industry Punjwood is the informal name given to Punjabi cinema, the Punjabi language film industry in the state of Punjab in India. The himalayan country of Nepal does not have a very long Film history but the industry has its own place in the cultural heritage of Nepal The cinema of Pakistan refers to Pakistan 's film industry Most of the feature films shot in Pakistan are in Urdu language but may also include films in Punjabi Sri Lankan cinema in recent years has featured films that tackle gritty subjects including family relationships abortion and the years of conflict between the military and Tamil Etymology and ethnology The exact origin of the word Bangla or Bengal is unknown though it is believed to be derived from the Dravidian-speaking tribe Bang Le Bioscope is a Theme park located at Ungersheim, in the Upper Rhine (the Haut-Rhin département) of France. Within a decade, the first seeds of the industry was sown by Hiralal Sen, considered a stalwart of Victorian era cinema [1] when he set up the Royal Bioscope Company, producing scenes from the stage productions of a number of popular shows[1] at the Star Theatre,Minerva Theatre , Classic Theatre. Hiralal Sen ( Bengali: হীরালাল সেন Hiralal Shen) (1866 – 1917 was a Bengali photographer generally considered one of India Culture The Victorian fascination with novelty resulted in a deep interest in the relationship between modernity and cultural continuities The Royal Bioscope Company was the first Film production company in Bengal and possibly the first in India, set up in 1898 by Hiralal Sen, along with Star Theatre (also known as Demolishing and Building Up the Star Theatre) is a 1901 short Documentary film in which time-lapse photography is used to show Following a long gap after Sen's works, [2] Dhirendra Nath Ganguly (Known as D. Dhirendra Nath Ganguly ( Bengali: ধীরেন্দ্রনাথ গাঙ্গুলী (26 March 1893 - 18 November 1978 better known as Dhiren Ganguly G) established Indo British Film Co, the first Bengali owned production company, in 1918. The Indo British Film Co was a Film production company set up by Dhirendra Nath Ganguly in 1918 However, the first Bengali Feature film, Billwamangal, was produced in 1919, under the banner of Madan Theatre. Billwamangal (bilamaŋal Bengali: বিল্লমঙ্গল is a 1919 Bengali Black & White, 10 Reel, 35mm Madan Theatre Company, also known as Madan Theatres Limited or in short Madan Theatres was a film production company founded by Jamshedji Framji Madan, Bilat Ferat was the IBFC's first production in 1921. Bilat Ferat is a 1921 Bengali silent film directed by NC Lahiri and produced by Dhirendra Nath Ganguly. The Madan Theatre production of Jamai Shashthi was the first Bengali talkie. Madan Theatre Company, also known as Madan Theatres Limited or in short Madan Theatres was a film production company founded by Jamshedji Framji Madan, Jamai Shashthi (জামাই ষষ্ঠী is a 1931 Bengali film directed by Amar Chaudhury produced by Madan Theatre Limited. A sound film is a motion picture with synchronized sound, or sound technologically coupled to image as opposed to a Silent film. [3] A long history has been traversed since then, with stalwarts such as Satyajit Ray, Mrinal Sen and Ritwik Ghatak and others having earned international acclaim and securing their place in the movie history. Satyajit Ray (সত্যজিত রায় or সত্যজিৎ রায়) (2 May 1921–23 April 1992 was a Bengali Indian Filmmaker. Mrinal Sen (মৃনাল েসন also spelled Mrinal Shen) is a famous Bengali Indian filmmaker Ritwik Ghatak (ঋত্বিক (কুমার ঘটক Rittik (Kumar Ghôţok) ( November 4 1925 February 6 1976) was a
Today, there are two Bengali film industries, one in Kolkata, India and the lesser known one in Dhaka, Bangladesh (called Dhallywood, a portmanteau of the words Dhaka and Hollywood). India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Dhaka (also known as Dacca ( Bangla: ঢাকা ɖʱaka is the Capital of Bangladesh and the principal city of Dhaka District. ( Bengali: বাংলাদেশ inc-Latn Bangladesh) officially
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Motion picture in Bengal
Early history
Hiralal Sen is credited as one of Bengal's, and India's first directors. Hiralal Sen ( Bengali: হীরালাল সেন Hiralal Shen) (1866 – 1917 was a Bengali photographer generally considered one of India However, these were all silent films. Hiralal Sen is also credited as one of the pioneers of advertisement films in India. The first Bengali-language movie was the silent feature Billwamangal, produced by the Madan Theatre Company of Calcutta and released on November 8, 1919, only six years after the first full-length Indian feature film, Raja Harish Chandra, was released. Billwamangal (bilamaŋal Bengali: বিল্লমঙ্গল is a 1919 Bengali Black & White, 10 Reel, 35mm Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Raja Harishchandra (राजा हरिश्चंद्र is a 1913 silent Indian film directed and produced by Dadasaheb Phalke, and [4]
The early beginnings of the "talking film" industry go back to the early 1930s, when it came to British India, and to Calcutta. For usage see British rule in India British Raj ( rāj, lit "reign" in Hindustani) primarily refers to the British The movies were originally made in Urdu or Persian as to accommodate a specific elite market. Urdu ( ur '''{{Nastaliq اردو}}''' trans Urdū, historically spelled Ordu) is a Central Indo-Aryan language Urdu is a standardised One of the earliest known studios was the East India Film Company. The first Bengali film to be made as a talkie was Jamai Shashthi, released in 1931. A sound film is a motion picture with synchronized sound, or sound technologically coupled to image as opposed to a Silent film. Jamai Shashthi (জামাই ষষ্ঠী is a 1931 Bengali film directed by Amar Chaudhury produced by Madan Theatre Limited. It was at this time that the early heroes of the Bengali film industry like Pramathesh Barua and Debaki Bose were at the peak of their popularity. Pramathesh Chandra ( PC) Barua ( Bengali: প্রমথেশ চন্দ্র বড়ুয়া Promothesh Chôndro Boŗua) (1903&ndash1951 Debaki Bose ( Bengali: দেবকী বোস (1898 1971 also known as Debaki Kumar Bose was a top director writer actor of Bengali cinema / Indian cinema Barua also directed a number of movies, exploring new dimension in Indian cinema. Debaki Bose directed Chandidas in 1932; this film is noted for its breakthrough in recording sound. Sound recordist Mukul Bose found out solution to the problem of spacing out dialogue and frequency modulation.
The contribution of Bengali film industry to Indian film is quite significant. Based in Tollygunge, an area of South Kolkata, West Bengal and is more elite and artistically-inclined than the usual musical cinema fare in India. Tollygunge is a suburban locality of South Kolkata. It is flanked by the Eastern Railway south suburban line to the north Lake Gardens and Golf Green in the east West Bengal ( Bengali: পশ্চিমবঙ্গ Poshchim Bônggo poʃtʃim bɔŋgo is a state in eastern India. The musical film is a Film genre in which several Songs sung by the characters are interwoven into the narrative In the past, it enjoyed a large, even disproportionate, representation in Indian cinema, and produced film directors like Satyajit Ray, who was an Academy Honorary Award winner, and the recipient of India and France's greatest civilian honours, the Bharat Ratna and Legion of Honor respectively, and Mrinal Sen, who is the recipient of the French distinction of Commander of the Order of Arts and Letters and the Russian Order of Friendship. The Indian film industry is the largest in the world in terms of ticket sales and number of films produced annually (877 feature films and 1177 short films were released in the year 2003 Satyajit Ray (সত্যজিত রায় or সত্যজিৎ রায়) (2 May 1921–23 April 1992 was a Bengali Indian Filmmaker. The Academy Honorary Award, instituted in 1948 for the 21st Academy Awards (previously called the Special Award) is given by the discretion of the Bharat Ratna (translates to Jewel of India or Gem of India in English) is India 's highest Civilian award, awarded for the Mrinal Sen (মৃনাল েসন also spelled Mrinal Shen) is a famous Bengali Indian filmmaker The Ordre des Arts et des Lettres (Order of Arts and Literature is an Order of France, established on May 2, 1957 by the Minister The Order of Friendship is a state decoration of Russia established by decree # 442 of March 2, 1994 of the President of the Russian Federation
Other prominent film makers in the Bengali film industry are Bimal Roy, the late Ritwik Ghatak, and Aparna Sen. Bimal Roy (বিমল রায় ( July 12, 1909 &ndash January 7, 1966) was one of the most accalimed Hindi Ritwik Ghatak (ঋত্বিক (কুমার ঘটক Rittik (Kumar Ghôţok) ( November 4 1925 February 6 1976) was a The Bengali film industry has produced classics like 'Pather Panchali', 'Devi', 'Jalsaghar', 'Devdas', 'Neel Akasher Neechey', 'Meghe Dhaka Tara' etc. Devi ( Bengali: দেবী ''Devi'') is a 1960 film by Bengali director Satyajit Ray, starring Soumitra Chatterjee and Jalsaghar (জলসাঘর was released in 1958, sometimes released in the English-speaking world as Jalsaghar The Music Room, is the fourth Devdas (দেবদাস Debdash; Hindi: देवदास Devdās) (also called Debdas) (1917 is a Bengali Neel Akasher Neechey ( Bengali: নীল আকাশের নীচে Nil akasher niche, "Under the Blue Sky" is a 1959 Bengali Meghe Dhaka Tara (মেঘ ঢাকা তারা (The Cloud-Capped Star is a 1960 film by director Ritwik Ghatak.
The most well known Bengali actor to date has been Uttam Kumar; he and co-star Suchitra Sen were known as The Eternal Pair in the early 1950s. Etymology and ethnology The exact origin of the word Bangla or Bengal is unknown though it is believed to be derived from the Dravidian-speaking tribe Bang Uttam Kumar ( Bangla: উত্তম কুমার) ( 3 September 1926 - 24 July 1980) born as Arun Kumar Chatterjee Suchitra Sen ( April 6 1929) or April 6, 1931[http //wwwtripurainfo Soumitra Chatterjee is a notable actor, having acted in several Satyajit Ray films, and considered as a rival to Uttam Kumar in the 1960s. Soumitra Chatterjee (সৌমিত্র চট্টোপাধ্যায় Shoumitro Chôţţopaddhae) (born January 19, 1935) is a Bengali Satyajit Ray (সত্যজিত রায় or সত্যজিৎ রায়) (2 May 1921–23 April 1992 was a Bengali Indian Filmmaker. Uttam Kumar ( Bangla: উত্তম কুমার) ( 3 September 1926 - 24 July 1980) born as Arun Kumar Chatterjee He is famous for the characterization of Feluda in Sonar Kella and Joy Baba Felunath, written and directed by Ray. Feluda (ফেলুদা is a fictional character starring in a series of novels and short stories written by the famous Indian film director and writer Satyajit Ray. Sonar Kella ( Bengali: েসানার েকল্লা also Shonar Kella, released in the United States as The Joi Baba Felunath (The Elephant God is a 1978 film by Bengali director Satyajit Ray, featuring the actors Soumitra Chatterjee, Santosh Dutta Siddartha
The pioneers in Bengali film music include Raichand Boral, Pankaj Mullick and K. C. Dey, all associated with New Theatres Calcutta [5]. Rai Chand (RC Boral (1903&ndash1981 was a famous Indian composer considered by music conoisseurs to be the father of Bollywood film music Pankaj Kumar Mullick ( Bangla: পঙ্কজ কুমার মল্লিক Pôngkoj Kumar Mollik) ( 10 May 1905 - 19 February Krishna Chandra De ( Bengali: কৃষ্ণ চন্দ্র দে (1893-1962 better known as K New Theatres, Calcutta was formed by producer B N Sircar (Birendranath Sircar the recipient of Dadasaheb Phalke Award of 1970) Other famous playback singers in Bengali film music were Hemanta Mukherjee,Manna Dey, Sandhya Mukhopadhyay and Kishore Kumar. Hemanta Kumar Mukhopadhyay ( Bangla: হেমন্ত কুমার মুখোপাধ্যায় Hemonto Kumar Mukhopaddhae) also known as Hemanta Prabodh Chandra Dey (born May 1, 1920) better known by his nickname Manna Dey (মান্না দে Manna De is one of the greatest playback singers Sandhya Mukhopadhyay ( Bengali: সন্ধ্যা মুখোপাধ্যায় (1931-is a famous Indian singer and musician specialising in Bengali Kishore Kumar ( Hindi: किशोर कुमार ( August 4, 1929 &ndash October 13, 1987) was an Indian film
In the 1980s, however, the Bengal film industry went through a period of turmoil, with a shift from its traditional artistic and emotional inclinations to an approach more imitating the increasingly more popular Hindi films, along with a decline in the audience and critical appreciation, with notable exceptions of the works of directors like Gautam Ghose. Bollywood (बॉलीवूड بالی وڈ is the informal term popularly used for the Mumbai -based Hindi-language Film industry in India Gautam Ghose (Credited as Goutam Ghose in International Media Bengali: গৌতম ঘোষ is one of the most acclaimed film directors of modern India However, even at this time, a number of actors and actresses enjoyed popularity, including Tapas Pal, Proshenjit, Chironjeet, Rituparna Sengupta and others. Tapas Pal (তাপস পাল is a Bengali actor from Calcutta the son of Dr Prasenjit Chatterjee (প্রসেনজিৎ চট্টপাধ্যায় ''Proshenjit Chôṭṭopaddhae'')( Born: September 30, 1962 Rituparna Sengupta (ঋতুপর্ণা সেনগুপ্তা, born on 7th November 1971 in Calcutta, is a leading Bengali Actress and However, toward the end of the 90s, with the a number of directors coming increasingly into prominence, including Rituparno Ghosh, Gautam Ghose, Aparna Sen, Sandip Ray among others, a number of popular and critically acclaimed movies have come out of the Bengali film industry in recent years. Rituparno Ghosh ( Bangla: ঋতুপর্ণ ঘোষ Ritupôrno Ghosh) is a young Bengali Film director whose work has met with considerable Gautam Ghose (Credited as Goutam Ghose in International Media Bengali: গৌতম ঘোষ is one of the most acclaimed film directors of modern India Sandip Ray (সন্দীপ রায় Shôndip Rae) (b 8 September 1954) is a Film director living in the city of Kolkata, West Bengal These include, Unishe April, Titli, Mr. and Mrs. Iyer, Bombaiyer Bombete, etc and signal a resurgence of the Bengali film industry. Unishe April (উনিশে এপ্রিল "19th April" ( 1994) is an award-winning feature film directed by Rituparno Ghosh. Titli ("The First Monsoon day" is a 2002 film by Rituporno Ghosh, starring Konkana Sen Sharma, Aparna Sen, Mithun Chakraborty Mr and Mrs Iyer (2002 is an Indian drama film, written and directed by Aparna Sen and produced by N Bombaiyer Bombete (বোম্বাইর বোম্বেটে( 2003) is a thriller film directed by Sandip Ray based on the story of the same
Films
Bangladesh movie industry
The Bangladeshi film industry is based in Dhaka. The Bangladeshi film industry, popularly known as Dallywood (a Portmanteau of the words Dhaka and Hollywood) has Dhaka (also known as Dacca ( Bangla: ঢাকা ɖʱaka is the Capital of Bangladesh and the principal city of Dhaka District. As of 2004, it produced approximately 100 movies a year. The average movie's budget was about 6500000 Bangladeshi taka. The taka ( Bengali: টাকা ṭaka) is the Currency of Bangladesh. [6]
References
- ^ a b Who's Who of Victorian Cinema. Hiralal Sen
- ^ Pioneers of Bangladeshi Cinema
- ^ IMDB page on Jamai Shashthi
- ^ BANGLAPEDIA: Film, Feature, accessed 27-VII-2006
- ^ New Theatres Calcutta
- ^ Bangladeshis reject "smutty" Bengali films, AFP/Helen Rowe, accessed 27-VII-2006
See also
External links
The Bangladeshi film industry, popularly known as Dallywood (a Portmanteau of the words Dhaka and Hollywood) has World cinema is a term used primarily in English language speaking countries to refer to the Films and film industries of non-English speaking countries Asian cinema refers to the film industries and films produced in the continent of Asia. South Asian cinema refers to the cinema of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Afghanistan, Sri Lanka, Nepal,Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic