A Bence Jones protein is a monoclonal globulin protein found in the blood or urine. Globulin is one of the two types of serum Proteins the other being albumin. Proteins are large Organic compounds made of Amino acids arranged in a linear chain and joined together by Peptide bonds between the Carboxyl Blood is a specialized Bodily fluid that delivers necessary substances to the body's cells €”such as nutrients and oxygen—and transports Waste products Urine is a liquid waste product of the body secreted by the Kidneys by a process of filtration from Blood and Excreted through the Urethra. Finding this protein in the context of end-organ manifestations such as malignant bone marrow cancer, renal failure, lytic bone disease, or anemia, or large numbers of plasma cells in the bone marrow of patients can be diagnostic of multiple myeloma, in which it is present in 2/3 of cases. Renal failure or kidney Anemia ( AmE) or anæmia/anaemia ( BrE) (from the Ancient Greek grc-Latn anaĂ®mia, meaning “without blood” is defined as a qualitative Plasma cells (also called plasma B cells or plasmocytes) are cells of the Immune system that secrete large amounts of antibodies. Bone marrow is the flexible tissue found in the hollow interior of Bones In adults marrow in large bones produces new Blood cells It constitutes 4% of Multiple myeloma (also known as MM, myeloma, plasma cell myeloma, or as Kahler's disease after Otto Kahler) is a type of [1]
The proteins are antibody immunoglobulin free light chains (paraproteins) and are produced by neoplastic plasma cells. Antibodies (also known as immunoglobulins, abbreviated Ig) are Gamma globulin Proteins that are found in Blood or other Bodily Antibodies (also known as immunoglobulins, abbreviated Ig) are Gamma globulin Proteins that are found in Blood or other Bodily A paraprotein is an abnormal Protein in the Urine or Blood, most often associated with benign MGUS (monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance Plasma cells (also called plasma B cells or plasmocytes) are cells of the Immune system that secrete large amounts of antibodies. They can be kappa (most of the time) or lambda. [1] The light chains can be immunoglobulin fragments or single homogenous immunoglobulins. They are found in urine as they are small and hence easily cleared by the kidneys. The light chains can be detected by heating or electrophoresis of concentrated urine. Electrophoresis is the most well-known electrokinetic phenomenon. Urine is a liquid waste product of the body secreted by the Kidneys by a process of filtration from Blood and Excreted through the Urethra. Light chains precipitate when heated to 50 - 60 degrees C and redisolve at 90 -100 degrees C. These tests are essential in patients suspected of having Bence Jones proteins in their urine as these proteins don't react with the reagents normally utilized in urinalysis dipsticks. A urinalysis (or "UA" is an array of tests performed on Urine and one of the most common methods of Medical Diagnosis. This leads to false negative results in people with Bence Jones proteins in their urine undergoing standard urinalysis. There are various rarer conditions which can produce Bence Jones proteins, such as Waldenström's macroglobulinemia and other malignanices.
The Bence Jones protein was described by the English physician Henry Bence Jones in 1847 and published in 1848. Henry Bence Jones ( December 31, 1813 - April 20, 1873) English Physician and Chemist, was born at Thorington [2] The protein was later sequenced by Frank Putnam at the laboratory of Fred Sanger in Cambridge, who was the first to report the entire sequence. Frederick Sanger, OM, CH, CBE, FRS (born 13 August 1918) is an English biochemist and twice
References
- ^ a b Hoffbrand V, Moss P, Pettit J (2006). Essential Haematology (Essential), 5th edition, Blackwell Publishing Professional, 218. ISBN 1405136499.
- ^ Jones HB (1848). "On a new substance occurring in the urine of a patient with mollities ossium". Phil Trans R Soc Lond 138: 55–62. The Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, or Phil Trans doi:. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document.
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