A bellows is a device for delivering pressurized air in a controlled quantity to a controlled location. Temperature and layers The temperature of the Earth's atmosphere varies with altitude the mathematical relationship between temperature and altitude varies among five Basically, a bellows is a deformable container which has an outlet nozzle. When the volume of the bellows is decreased, the air escapes through the outlet. A bellows typically also has a separate inlet and valves or flaps for ensuring that air enters only through the inlet and exits only through the outlet.

Contents 1 Metallurgy 2 Further applications 3 References 4 See also 5 External links

Metallurgy

Several processes, such as metallurgical iron smelting and welding, require so much heat that they could only be developed after the invention of the bellows. Chemical reduction, or smelting, is a form of Extractive metallurgy. Welding is a fabrication process that joins materials usually Metals or Thermoplastics by causing coalescence. The bellows are used to deliver additional air to the fuel, raising the rate of combustion and therefore the heat output.

Various kinds of bellows are used in metallurgy:

• Box bellows were and are traditionally used in Asia. Metallurgy is a domain of Materials science that studies the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements, their intermetallic compounds, and their (1)
• Pot bellows were used in ancient Egypt. (2)
• Accordion bellows, with the characteristic pleated sides, have been used in Europe for many centuries. (3)
• Piston bellows were developed in the middle of the 18th century in Europe (4). However, the double action piston bellows were utilised by the Han rulers in ancient China as early as the 3rd century BCE (5).
• Metal bellows were made to absorb axial movement in a dynamic condition. Bellows technology of the twentieth and twenty-first century is centered on metal bellows. Often referred to as Axial Dynamics bellow types (6)

The ancient Chinese engineer Du Shi once applied water-power (waterwheel) to operate bellows of a blast furnace forging cast iron. Middle Chinese ( or Ancient Chinese as used by linguist Bernhard Karlgren, refers to the Chinese language spoken during Southern and Northern Du Shi ( d 38 was a Chinese governmental Prefect of Nanyang in 31 AD and a mechanical Engineer of the Eastern Han Dynasty in Ancient A water wheel is a means of extracting power from the flow (or fall of water otherwise known as Hydropower. A blast furnace is a type of metallurgical Furnace used for Smelting to produce metals generally Iron. Cast iron usually refers to grey cast iron, but identifies a large group of Ferrous Alloys which solidify with a Eutectic. The ancient Greeks, ancient Romans, and other civilizations used bellows in bloomery furnaces producing wrought iron. The Greeks ( Greek: Έλληνες) are a Nation and Ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and neighbouring regions This is a list of topics related to ancient Rome that aims to include aspects of both the ancient Roman Republic and Roman Empire. A bloomery is a type of Furnace once widely used for Smelting Iron from its oxides. QtubIronPillarJPG|thumb|right| Iron pillar at Delhi India containing 98% wrought iron]] Wrought iron is commercially pure Iron.

In modern industry, reciprocating bellows are usually replaced with motorized blowers.

Further applications

• Bellows are widely used in Industrial Applications such as Rod Boots, Machinery Way Covers, Lift covers and Rail Covers.

Urethane bellows

A large bellows creates a mushroom cloud at the Exploratorium in San Francisco, California. The Exploratorium is a public science Museum, located in the Marina District at the Palace of Fine Arts in San Francisco California The City and County of San Francisco is the fourth most populous city

• Cuckoo clocks also use bellows

• Folding cameras such as early Polaroid models and some early Kodak Retina and Retinette cameras used bellows. A cuckoo clock is a Clock, typically pendulum driven, that strikes the hours using small bellows and pipes that imitate the call of the Common For the Polaroid instant camera see Instant camera. For the company see Polaroid Corporation. Retina was the name of a long-running series of German -built Kodak Cameras Retinas were manufactured in Stuttgart by Nagel Camerawerk which Kodak Retinette is the name of a classic series of cameras manufactured by the Eastman Kodak company

In musical instruments, the bellows is often employed as a substitute or regulator for air pressure provided by the human lungs. A musical instrument is a device constructed or modified for the purpose of making Music. lung is the essential Respiration organ in air-breathing Animals including most Tetrapods a few Fish and a few Snails The most primitive

The following instruments use bellows:

• Accordion, Concertina and related instruments
• Reed organ
• Pipe organ
• some varieties of Bagpipe
• Harmonium
• Portative

References

1. http://www.witzenmann.com
2. http://www.anvilfire.com/FAQs/archives/g072002d.htm . The accordion is a portable box-shaped Musical instrument of the hand-held Bellows -driven free-reed aerophone family sometimes referred to as a Squeezebox A concertina is a free-reed Musical instrument, like the various Accordions and the Harmonica. A reed organ, also called parlor organ pump organ cabinet organ cottage organ, is an organ that generates its sounds using free metal reeds. The pipe organ is a Musical instrument that produces sound when pressurized air (wind is driven through a series of pipes, controlled by a keyboard Bagpipes are a class of Musical instrument, Aerophones using enclosed reeds fed from a constant reservoir of air in the form of a bag A harmonium is a free-standing musical keyboard instrument similar to a Reed Organ or Pipe Organ A portative organ ( portatif organ, portativ organ, or simply portative, portatif, or portativ) (from the Latin verb
3. http://www.archaeogate.org/egittologia/article/182/8/mersa-gawasis-red-sea-egypt-unoisiao-and-bu-2003-2004-f.html .
4. [ref. needed]
5. http://www.davistownmuseum.org/TDMtoolGlossary.htm
6. Gernet, Jacques, trans. by J. R. Foster (1972): A History of Chinese Civilization, Cambridge University Press.

See also

• sylphon for uses of metal bellows in experimental physics and engineering. A sylphon is an old name for a cylindrical symmetry Bellows. When made of metal the sylphon shape was formerly created by Metal spinning inside of a metal mold

External links

• http://www.wwmag.net/blacksmith.htm for bellows used in primitive blacksmithing.
• http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Bellows for a general discussion of bellows in metal work.

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