BCE Inc.
Type	Public (TSX: BCE, NYSE: BCE)
Founded	1880, by Charles Fleetford Sise
Headquarters	Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Key people	Michael J. Sabia (President)
Industry	Communications Services
Revenue	▲$20 billion CAD (2007)[1]
Operating income	▲$4 billion CAD (2007)
Employees	54,434[2]
Website	bce.ca

Bell Canada Enterprises (TSX: BCE, NYSE: BCE), legally BCE Inc. A public company usually refers to a company that is permitted to offer its registered securities ( Stock, bonds, etc The New York Stock Exchange ( NYSE) is a Stock exchange based in New York City. Year 1880 ( MDCCCLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Charles Fleetford Sise ( 27 September 1834 in Portsmouth, New Hampshire &ndash 9 April 1918 in Montreal, Montreal, or Montréal in French ( pronounced in French, in English) is the largest city in the Canadian province of Quebec Quebec (kwɨˈbɛk Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Michael John Sabia BA MA MPhil (born 1953 in St Catharines Ontario) is the former CEO of Bell Canada and Bell Canada Enterprises. President is a Title leaders of Organizations companies, Trade unions universities, and countries. For other uses of this term see Industry (disambiguation An industry (from Latin industrius, "diligent industrious" In business revenue or revenues is Income that a company receives from its normal business activities usually from the sale of goods and services In financial and business Accounting, earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT is a measure of a firm's profitability that excludes interest and income tax expenses Employment is a Contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages The New York Stock Exchange ( NYSE) is a Stock exchange based in New York City. , is a major Canadian telecommunications company. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Through its subsidiaries including Bell Canada, Bell Aliant, Northwestel, Télébec, and NorthernTel, it is the incumbent local exchange carrier for telephone services in most of Canada east of Manitoba and in the northern territories, and a leading competitive local exchange carrier (CLEC) in the western provinces. Bell Aliant Regional Communications is a communications company providing services primarily in rural areas throughout eastern Northwestel (a short-form name sometimes spelt NorthwesTel, for Northwest Telecommunications) Inc Télébec is a Telephone company located in the Province of Quebec in Canada. NorthernTel (formerly Northern Telephone Limited or NTL is a Telephone company in Ontario, Canada. ILEC, short for Incumbent local exchange carrier, is a local Telephone company in the United States that was in existence Basic principle A traditional landline telephone system also known as "plain old telephone service" (POTS, commonly handles both signaling and audio information Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Manitoba (English ˌmænɨˈtoʊbə French /manitoba/ is a province of Canada, spanning 647797 square kilometres (250116  sq mi of North America A Competitive Local Exchange Carrier ( CLEC) in the United States, is a Telecommunications provider company (sometimes called a " carrier In a majority of its service territory, Bell Canada's principal competition is Rogers Communications. Rogers Communications Inc (,) is one of Canada's largest communications companies particularly in the field of wireless communications and Cable television, with additional Bell Canada currently services over 13 million phone lines, and functions under the umbrella brandname "Bell". The current president of the group is Michael Sabia. Michael John Sabia BA MA MPhil (born 1953 in St Catharines Ontario) is the former CEO of Bell Canada and Bell Canada Enterprises. BCE ranks number 224 on the Forbes Global 2000 list (2008 edition). The Forbes Global 2000 is an annual ranking of the top 2000 Public companies in the world by Forbes magazine

History

Historically, Bell Canada has been one of Canada's most important and most powerful companies, and in 1975 was listed as the fifth "largest" in the country. ^[3]

Inception

Bell Canada logo used from 1902 to 1922. Year 1902 ( MCMII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Year 1922 ( MCMXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Note USA-oriented stars used in other Bell System trademarks. The Bell System which was named for Alexander Graham Bell, the technologist popularly credited with the invention of the Telephone, was a Trademark and A later version used from 1922 to 1940 used maple leaves instead. Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The maple leaf is the characteristic Leaf of the Maple tree, and is an important national symbol of Canada.

Alexander Graham Bell, who vacationed most of his life in Nova Scotia, Canada, received a US patent (#7,789) for the telephone in 1877. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Nova Scotia (ˌnəʊvəˈskəʊʃə ( Latin for New Scotland; Alba Nuadh Nouvelle-Écosse is a Canadian province located on Canada 's Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Basic principle A traditional landline telephone system also known as "plain old telephone service" (POTS, commonly handles both signaling and audio information Year 1877 ( MDCCCLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Bell assigned 75% of the Canadian patent rights to his father, Melville Bell, who, with a friend, Reverend Thomas Henderson, leased pairs of wooden hand telephones for use on private lines constructed by the client from, for example, a store to a nearby warehouse or from a business to an executive's residence. Alexander Melville Bell ( March 1, 1819 &ndash August 7, 1905) Teacher and father of Alexander Graham Bell (the inventor In 1879 Melville Bell sold the rights to National Bell Telephone Company in Boston, Massachusetts, USA, and thus officially became one of the first regional operating companies of what was to become the Bell System. Year 1879 ( MDCCCLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Before proposing a merge request please see Talk and see if the merger you propose has recently been made and The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Bell System which was named for Alexander Graham Bell, the technologist popularly credited with the invention of the Telephone, was a Trademark and Charles Fleetford Sise, a Chicago businessman, was brought in as general manager, and The Bell Telephone Company of Canada Ltd. Charles Fleetford Sise ( 27 September 1834 in Portsmouth, New Hampshire &ndash 9 April 1918 in Montreal, was founded in 1880. See also 1879 in Canada, other events of 1880, 1881 in Canada and the Timeline of Canadian history. ^[4] With a government-granted monopoly on Canadian long-distance telephone service, The Bell Telephone Company serviced 237,000 subscribers by 1914. Year 1914 ( MCMXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year

Since the early years of The Bell Telephone Company of Canada, Ltd. , it was known colloquially as "The Bell" or "Bell Canada. " On 7 March 1968 Canadian law renamed The Bell Telephone Company of Canada, Ltd. Events 161 - Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius dies and is succeeded by co-Emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus Year 1968 ( MCMLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. , as Bell Canada.

Competition and territory reduction

Bell Canada originally extended lines clear from Nova Scotia to the foot of the Rocky Mountains in what is now Alberta. Nova Scotia (ˌnəʊvəˈskəʊʃə ( Latin for New Scotland; Alba Nuadh Nouvelle-Écosse is a Canadian province located on Canada 's Mountain peaks of the Rocky Mountains The Rocky Mountains, often called the Rockies, are a Mountain range in western North America. Alberta (ælˈbɝtə is one of Canada's prairie provinces. It became a province on September 1 1905 However, most of the attention given to meeting demand for service focused on major cities in Ontario, Quebec, and the Maritime Provinces. Ontario (ɒnˈtɛrioʊ is a province located in the central part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest after Quebec Quebec (kwɨˈbɛk The Maritime provinces, called the Maritimes in local English (or the Canadian Maritimes by non-Canadians is a region of Eastern Canada

During the late 19th century, Bell sold its Atlantic operations in the three Maritime provinces, but acquired interests in all Atlantic companies during the early 1960s. It held interests in the parents of NBTel, Island Telecom, NewTel, and MTT. NBTel was founded as The New Brunswick Telephone Company in 1888 after Bell Telephone Company of Canada 's attempt to establish telephone service in the Maritime Island Telecom was a telephone Service provider in Prince Edward Island. NewTel Communications was a telephone internet and cellular service provider in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador Maritime Telephone and Telegraph Company (MT&T later MTT was founded around 1910 in Halifax Nova Scotia and operated as such until 1998 when it merged with These four companies later merged into Aliant in the late 1990s, in which Bell continues to own a stake. Bell Aliant Regional Communications is a communications company providing services primarily in rural areas throughout eastern

Independent companies appeared in many areas of Ontario, Quebec and the Maritime provinces without adequate Bell Canada service. Bell went on during the 20th century to acquire most of the independent companies in Ontario and Quebec. Quebec, however, still has large swaths of relatively rural areas served by Telus and Télébec as well as some 20 small independent companies. Telus ( TSX: T TA NYSE: TU is a national Telecommunications company in Canada that provides a wide range of communications products and Télébec is a Telephone company located in the Province of Quebec in Canada. As of 1980, Ontario still had some 30 independent companies, and Bell has not acquired any; the smaller ones were sold to larger independents with larger capital resources. Year 1980 ( MCMLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar)

The three prairie provinces, at separate times up to 1912, acquired Bell Canada operations and formed provincial utility services, investing to develop proper telephone services throughout those provinces; Bell Canada's investment in the prairies had been scant or insufficient relative to growth. Year 1912 ( MCMXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting Having achieved a high level of development, Manitoba moved to privatize its telephone utility and Alberta privatized Alberta Government Telephones to create Telus in the 1990s. Manitoba (English ˌmænɨˈtoʊbə French /manitoba/ is a province of Canada, spanning 647797 square kilometres (250116  sq mi of North America Alberta Government Telephones (AGT (formally the Alberta Government Telephones Commission) was formed by the Liberal government of Alexander Cameron Rutherford Saskatchewan continues to own SaskTel as a crown corporation. Saskatchewan (səˈskætʃəwən) is a prairie province in Canada, which has an area of 588276 Saskatchewan Telecommunications (SaskTel is a provincial Crown Corporation operating under the authority of the Saskatchewan Telecommunications Act In the Commonwealth realms a Crown corporation is a State-controlled company or enterprise Edmonton was served by a city-owned utility that was sold to Telus of Alberta in the 1990s.

British Columbia, served today by Telus, was served by numerous small companies that mostly amalgamated to form BC Tel (the last known acquisition was the Okanagan Telephone Company in the late 1970s), which served the province from the 1960s until its sale to Telus. British Columbia (ˌbrɪtɨʃ kəˈlʌmbiə ( BC) ( (la Colombie-Britannique C Telus ( TSX: T TA NYSE: TU is a national Telecommunications company in Canada that provides a wide range of communications products and (The amalgamations produced one anomaly: Atlin is surrounded by the territory of Northwestel, implying that the company that established service there was acquired by a company serving territories further south. Northwestel (a short-form name sometimes spelt NorthwesTel, for Northwest Telecommunications) Inc )

Although Bell Canada entered the Northwest Territories with an exchange at Iqaluit (then known as Frobisher Bay, in the territory now known as Nunavut) in 1958, Canadian National Telecommunications, a subsidiary of Canadian National Railways, provided most of the telephone service in Canada's northern territories. The Northwest Territories (ˌnɔrθˌwɛstˈtɛrɨtɔriz ( NWT or NT; French, les Territoires du Nord-Ouest) is a territory Iqaluit (iqaluit ᐃᖃᓗᐃᑦ in Inuktitut syllabics; often pronounced ɨˈkæljuːɨt in English is the territorial Nunavut (ˈnuːnəvʊt ( Inuktitut syllabics: ᓄᓇᕗᑦ is the largest and newest territory of Canada; it was separated officially from the Year 1958 ( MCMLVIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. CNR created Northwestel in 1979, and Bell Canada Enterprises acquired the company in 1988 as a wholly owned subsidiary. Northwestel (a short-form name sometimes spelt NorthwesTel, for Northwest Telecommunications) Inc Bell Canada sold its 22 exchanges in the eastern region of the NWT to Northwestel in 1992, and BCE transferred ownership of the company to Bell Canada in 1999. Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar)

Divestiture and deregulation

The Bell System had two main companies in the telephone industry in Canada: Bell Canada as a regional operating company (owned by and affiliated with AT&T until 1956) and Northern Electric as an equipment manufacturer (owned by and affiliated with Western Electric until 1956, which itself was also affiliated with Nippon Electric in Japan until 1956). Basic principle A traditional landline telephone system also known as "plain old telephone service" (POTS, commonly handles both signaling and audio information Before proposing a merge request please see Talk and see if the merger you propose has recently been made and Year 1956 ( MCMLVI) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Nortel Networks Corporation () formerly known as Northern Telecom Limited and sometimes known simply as Nortel, is a multinational Telecommunications Western Electric Company (sometimes abbreviated WE and WECo) was an American Electrical engineering company the manufacturing arm is a Japanese multinational IT company headquartered in Minato Tokyo, Japan. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. The Bell Telephone Company of Canada and Northern Electric were structured similarly in Canada to the analogous portions of the Bell System in the United States; the regional operating company (Bell Canada) sold telephone services as a local exchange carrier, and Western Electric (Northern Electric) designed and manufactured telephone equipment.

Because of the 1956 break-up of the Bell System to which AT&T and the United States Department of Justice consented as a resolution of an antitrust lawsuit filed in the United States in 1949, AT&T and the Bell System proper divested Northern Electric and Bell Canada. Nortel Networks Corporation () formerly known as Northern Telecom Limited and sometimes known simply as Nortel, is a multinational Telecommunications Northern Electric renamed itself Northern Telecom in 1976, which in turn became Nortel Networks in 1998 with the acquisition of Bay Networks. Nortel Networks Corporation () formerly known as Northern Telecom Limited and sometimes known simply as Nortel, is a multinational Telecommunications

Bell Canada acquired 100 percent of Northern Electric in 1964; starting in 1973, Bell's ownership stake in Northern Electric was diminished through public stock offerings, though it retained majority control. In 1983, as a result of deregulation, Bell Canada Enterprises (later shortened to BCE) was formed as the parent company to Bell Canada and Northern Telecom. As a result of the stock transaction used by Northern Telecom to purchase Bay Networks, BCE ceased to be the majority owner of Nortel, and in 2000, BCE spun out its share of Nortel, distributing its holdings to its shareholders.

Between 1980 and 1997, the federal government fully deregulated the telecommunications industry and Bell Canada's monopoly ended. Year 1980 ( MCMLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar) Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar Today Bell Canada itself provides local phone service only in major city centres in Ontario and Quebec. Ontario (ɒnˈtɛrioʊ is a province located in the central part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest after Quebec Quebec (kwɨˈbɛk

Convergence strategy / Internet boom and bust

When Jean Monty assumed the job of CEO in 1998, he pursued a convergence strategy, attempting to combine both content creation and distribution within BCE, and to take greater advantage of the emerging Internet market. BCE Emergis was formed to market e-commerce solutions. Emergis Inc is a Canadian e-Business company dealing with interactions between companies and electronic commerce now owned by Telus. Capitalizing on the success of its Internet service provider division, Sympatico, in 1999 BCE formed a partnership with Lycos to create an Internet portal for its customers. Lycos is a search engine and web portal centered around broadband entertainment content

Shortly after the AOL - Time Warner merger, BCE purchased the CTV television network in 2000. Time Warner Inc ( is the world's largest media and entertainment conglomerate, headquartered in New York City. CTV is a Canadian English language Television network. It is Canada's largest privately owned network the main television asset of CTVglobemedia In 2001, BCE acquired control of The Globe and Mail, and combined it with CTV and the Sympatico-Lycos portal, its other content creation assets, to form Bell Globemedia. The Globe and Mail is a Canadian English language nationally distributed Newspaper, based in Toronto and printed in six cities The desired synergies did not occur and the portal was sold back to Bell Canada in 2002. Bell Globemedia was highly profitable, however, and it was spun out as a separate company in August 2006. The new company assumed the name CTVglobemedia in 2007. CTVglobemedia (often abbreviated "CTVgm" or CGM is one of Canada 's largest private media companies.

In 2000, BCE acquired control of Teleglobe, an overseas carrier coveted by Bell since the early 1980s. VSNL International Canada (formerly called Teleglobe) is an international telco carrier The acquisition was a disaster as BCE lost billions of dollars financing Teleglobe. In 2002, BCE sold Teleglobe, and Jean Monty resigned. ^[5] Michael Sabia subsequently assumed the position of CEO. Michael John Sabia BA MA MPhil (born 1953 in St Catharines Ontario) is the former CEO of Bell Canada and Bell Canada Enterprises.

Post Teleglobe: Refocus on core business

Michael Sabia refocused BCE on its core telecommunications business, prompting BCE to buy back the 20% share in Bell Canada that it had sold in 1999 to Ameritech (which was subsequently acquired by SBC). AT&T Teleholdings Inc, formerly Ameritech Corporation (and before that American Information Technologies Corporation) is a U Before proposing a merge request please see Talk and see if the merger you propose has recently been made and ^[6] BCE also spun off operating units that it did not consider to be core to its business, including Emergis in 2004, and Bell Globemedia and Telesat Canada in 2006. Emergis Inc is a Canadian e-Business company dealing with interactions between companies and electronic commerce now owned by Telus. CTVglobemedia (often abbreviated "CTVgm" or CGM is one of Canada 's largest private media companies. Telesat Canada is a Canadian Satellite communications company founded on May 2, 1969.

On February 1, 2006, stating the need to remain competitive, Bell Canada announced job cuts of 3,000 to 4,000 employees by the end of 2006. Events 1327 - Teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.

On April 28, BCE announced that CEO Michael Sabia was taking a 555% pay increase, his salary being raised from $1. 21 million CAD a year to $6. 71 million CAD a year. The pay included a $1. 25 million CAD salary, a $2. 2 million CAD bonus that Sabia converted to deferred share units, a long-term incentive payout of $3 million CAD and other compensation, the filing shows. Bell Canada also posted record revenue increases for the previous fiscal year.

Under pressure from investors, on October 11, 2006, BCE announced it would be wound down, with its remaining assets converted to an income trust. An income trust is an Investment trust that holds Income -producing Assets The term also designates a legal entity, Capital structure The new entity was planned to be named "Bell Canada Income Fund". As part of this restructuring, Bell Aliant offered to take Bell Nordiq private, while remaining separate from the new Bell trust. ^[7] Due to announced changes in taxation law by the Canadian federal government, on December 12, 2006, BCE announced it would not proceed with its planned conversion to an income trust, but would go ahead with its plans to simplify the corporate structure and eliminate the BCE holding company. An income trust is an Investment trust that holds Income -producing Assets The term also designates a legal entity, Capital structure On June 6, 2007, BCE shareholders approved renaming BCE Inc. to Bell Canada Inc. ^[8] Bell plans to have two operating business units: Bell and Bell Aliant Regional Communications. ^[9]

On April 30, 2007, the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) announced its decision to allow pay phone rates for Bell Canada, Telus, Bell Aliant, SaskTel, and MTS Allstream to increase from 25 cents to 50 cents, starting as early as June 1. Events 313 - Roman emperor Licinius unifies the entire Eastern Roman Empire under his rule Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. CRTC may also stand for Cathode Ray Tube Controller. Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission ( CRTC, in French Conseil Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected The CRTC also permitted local rural rates to increase by the lesser of the annual rate of inflation or five percent, and removed price caps on optional rural services, such as call display and voicemail. ^[10] On June 2, 2007, Bell Canada increased the cost of a local pay phone call to 50 cents when paid in cash and one dollar when paid by calling card or credit card,^[11] Bell's first increase in pay phone rates since 1981. Events 455 - The Vandals enter Rome, and plunder the city for two weeks Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ^[10]

Acquisition by the Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan

Due to its stagnant share price, starting in April 2007, BCE was courted for acquisition by pension funds and private equity groups, including a consortium led by the Canada Pension Plan Investment Board (with Kohlberg Kravis Roberts as one of the participants), a consortium led by the Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan, and a consortium that included Cerberus Capital Management. The Canada Pension Plan ( CPP) is a contributory earnings-related Social insurance program Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co (commonly referred to as KKR) is a New York City -based Private equity firm that focuses primarily on late-stage Leveraged The Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan (OTPP commonly referred to as Teachers', is the organization responsible for administering pensions for Public school teachers Cerberus Capital Management LP is one of the largest Private equity investment firms in the USA ^[12]

On June 30, 2007, BCE accepted a bid of $42. Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, is defeated and killed by troops of the Usurper Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. 75 per share in cash, for a total valuation of $51. 7 billion, from the group led by the Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan, and including Providence Equity Partners, Madison Dearborn Partners, Merrill Lynch Global Private Equity, and Toronto-Dominion Bank. The Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan (OTPP commonly referred to as Teachers', is the organization responsible for administering pensions for Public school teachers Providence Equity Partners is a Private equity firm headquartered in Providence Rhode Island that focuses on investments in media and telecommunications Merrill Lynch & Co Inc () is a global financial services firm The proposed deal is the largest acquisition in Canadian history and the largest leveraged buyout ever. ^{[13] [14]} BCE shareholders approved the sale on September 21, 2007. Events 1217 - The Estonian tribal leader Lembitu of Lehola was killed in a battle against Teutonic Knights. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ^[15] The transaction would give the OTPP effective control of Bell's 15% share in CTVglobemedia, thus bumping OTPP's share up to 40%, putting it at parity with The Woodbridge Company. CTVglobemedia (often abbreviated "CTVgm" or CGM is one of Canada 's largest private media companies. The Woodbridge Company Limited is a Canadian private Holding company and the principal and controlling shareholder (53 percent of Thomson Reuters.

On March 27, 2008, the CRTC approved the Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan takeover of Bell Canada, subject to certain conditions for its corporate governance structure to ensure that Bell remains under Canadian control. Events 196 BC - Ptolemy V ascends to the throne of Egypt. 1309 - Pope Clement V excommunicates 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common CRTC may also stand for Cathode Ray Tube Controller. Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission ( CRTC, in French Conseil ^[16] The proposal awaits approvals of other authorities, including the Financial Services Commission of Ontario and Industry Canada. Industry Canada is the department of the Government of Canada with responsibility for regional economic development investment and innovation/ Research and development

Financial and legal obstacles

Due to the tightening of the credit market, caused by the subprime mortgage crisis, the investment banks financing the deal — led by Citigroup, Deutsche Bank and the Royal Bank of Scotland — started negotiations on May 16, 2008, to revise the terms of the loans with higher interest rates and greater restrictions to protect themselves. The subprime mortgage crisis is an ongoing financial crisis characterized by contracted Liquidity in global credit markets and Banking Deutsche Bank AG (literally "German Bank" ˈdɔɪtʃə,) is an international Universal bank with a broad private clients franchise headquartered in The Royal Bank of Scotland plc ( Scottish Gaelic: Banca Rìoghail na h-Alba) is one of the retail banking subsidiaries of the Royal Bank of Scotland Group ^[14]

The Quebec Court of Appeal blocked the sale of BCE on May 21, 2008, ruling that BCE failed to adequately consider the effect on its bondholders of its sale and the CAD $30 billion debt that would be assumed. Events 878 - Syracuse Italy is captured by the Muslim sultan of Sicily. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common ^[17] The Supreme Court of Canada agreed to hear BCE's appeal and scheduled a hearing date on June 17, 2008. The Supreme Court of Canada ( French: Cour suprême du Canada) is the highest court of Canada and is the final court of appeal in the Canadian ^[18]

Project Cleanfeed Canada

In November 2006, Bell, Bell Aliant, MTS Allstream, Rogers, Shaw, SaskTel, Telus, and Videotron, in conjunction with cybertip.ca (a nationwide tipline for reporting the online sexual exploitation of children), announced the creation of Project Cleanfeed Canada, an initiative designed to block access to child pornography sites. Bell Aliant Regional Communications is a communications company providing services primarily in rural areas throughout eastern Manitoba Telecom Services Inc ( or MTS, formerly Manitoba Telephone System is the primary telecommunications carrier in the Canadian Province of Rogers Communications Inc (,) is one of Canada's largest communications companies particularly in the field of wireless communications and Cable television, with additional Shaw Communications is a Canadian Telecommunications company that provides telephone internet and television services Saskatchewan Telecommunications (SaskTel is a provincial Crown Corporation operating under the authority of the Saskatchewan Telecommunications Act Telus ( TSX: T TA NYSE: TU is a national Telecommunications company in Canada that provides a wide range of communications products and Vidéotron Limited is an integrated Telecommunications company active in Cable television, Interactive Multimedia development It is based on a similar program introduced by British Telecom in 2004. [1] Project Cleanfeed Canada uses an encrypted blacklist of known child-pornography sites operating outside the country and targets only those sites that offer images of prepubescent children.

However, some critics denounce the initiative, saying that this amounts to nothing more than internet censorship. Censorship is the suppression of speech or deletion of communicative material which may be considered objectionable harmful or sensitive as determined by a censor [2] Others argue that it is a risk worth taking. [3]

Current operations

The BCE subsidiary Bell Canada has moved into new industries via new divisions such as Bell Sympatico, an Internet service provider; Bell Mobility, a cellular wireless service now operating in most Canadian provinces; Bell ExpressVu, one of Canada's two national satellite television providers; Bell Home Monitoring, a new division announced in February 2007; and Bell Distribution. An Internet service provider ( ISP, also called Internet access provider or IAP) is a company which primarily offers their customers access to the Internet Bell Mobility is the division of Bell Canada which sells Wireless services in Canada. Satellite television is Television delivered by the means of Communications satellites as compared to conventional Terrestrial television and Cable

BCE also owns 15% of CTVglobemedia, one of Canada's largest privately held media companies which owns the CTV television network, A-Channel and The Globe and Mail, a national newspaper, as well as other (primarily television) media assets. CTVglobemedia (often abbreviated "CTVgm" or CGM is one of Canada 's largest private media companies. CTV is a Canadian English language Television network. It is Canada's largest privately owned network the main television asset of CTVglobemedia The Globe and Mail is a Canadian English language nationally distributed Newspaper, based in Toronto and printed in six cities

In July 2006, Bell and former subsidiary Aliant completed a restructuring whereby Aliant, renamed Bell Aliant Regional Communications, took over Bell's wireline operations in much of Ontario and Quebec (while continuing to use the "Bell" name in those regions), as well as its 63% ownership in rural lines operator Bell Nordiq (a publicly traded income trust that controls NorthernTel and Télébec). Bell Aliant Regional Communications is a communications company providing services primarily in rural areas throughout eastern NorthernTel (formerly Northern Telephone Limited or NTL is a Telephone company in Ontario, Canada. Télébec is a Telephone company located in the Province of Quebec in Canada. These are in additional to Aliant's most of operations in Atlantic Canada. Atlantic Canada, also known as the Atlantic provinces, is the region of Canada comprising four provinces located on the Atlantic coast: In turn, Bell has assumed responsibility for Aliant's wireless and retail operations. Bell Aliant, now itself an income trust, is currently 73. 5% owned by Bell.

Other company assets include satellite systems integrator Telesat Canada, Western Canada CLEC Bell West, and a 29% minority stakes in IT service provider CGI. Telesat Canada is a Canadian Satellite communications company founded on May 2, 1969. A Competitive Local Exchange Carrier ( CLEC) in the United States, is a Telecommunications provider company (sometimes called a " carrier All in all, BCE partially or fully owns 17 companies in the fields of telecommunications, media, and information technology. e-Business unit Emergis was spun off in 2004. Emergis Inc is a Canadian e-Business company dealing with interactions between companies and electronic commerce now owned by Telus. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again "

Shifting its focus to IP, Bell has in recent years deployed MPLS on their nationwide fibre ring network in anticipation of upcoming consumer and enterprise-level IP applications, such as IPTV and VoIP. The Internet Protocol ( IP) is a protocol used for communicating data across a Packet-switched Internetwork using the Internet Protocol MPLS redirects here For other uses see Mpls In Computer networking and Telecommunications, Multi Protocol Label Switching IPTV ( Internet Protocol Television) is a system where a Digital television service is delivered using Internet Protocol over a network infrastructure which Voice-over-Internet protocol ( VoIP, vɔɪp is a protocol optimized for the transmission of voice through the Internet

Corporate governance

Current members of the board of directors of Bell Canada Enterprises are: Richard Currie, André Bérard, Ronald Brenneman, Anthony Fell, Donna Kaufman, Brian Levitt, Edward Lumley, Judith Maxwell, John McArthur, Thomas O'Neill, Jim Pattison, Robert Pozen, Michael Cora, Paul Tellier, and Victor Young. Richard James Currie, OCBScEngMBA LLD PEng was born in 1937 in Saint John New Brunswick, and is a notable Canadian businessman André Bérard (born 1940 is a Canadian businessman and former President Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of the National Bank of Canada. Anthony S Fell is a Canadian Businessman and chairman of RBC Capital Markets. Edward C Lumley, PC (born July 8 1934) is a corporate executive and former Canadian politician John McArthur ( November 17, 1826 &ndash May 15, 1906) was a Union general during the American Civil War. James (Jimmy Allen Pattison, CM, OBC, (born October 1, 1928 in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan) is a Vancouver -based Robert Pozen (born 1946) is a law and economics scholar and practicing Lawyer who has served as Professor at New York University and Paul Mathias Tellier Queen's Privy Council for Canada, Order of Canada and LL

See also

• Bell Tower, a skyscraper in Edmonton

Former BCE units:

• Teleglobe Canada Inc - now VSNL International Canada
• Nortel - formerly Northern Telecom and Northern Electric

References

External links

• Bell Canada Official Website
• Bell Canada Enterprises
• Bell Telephone Company of Canada - public historical documents
• CRTC chart of Bell Canada's assets
• Operator. May I help you?: Bell Canada's 125 Years — Bell Canada's origins (illustrated with many early photographs)
• BCE and Aliant form one of North America's largest regional telecommunications service providers
• Bell Better home bundle
• Multi dwelling unit services from Bell
• TSX Stock Quote for BCE