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For other uses, see Bell.
Parts of a typical bell: 1. yoke, 2. crown, 3. head, 4. shoulder, 5. waist, 6. sound ring, 7. lip, 8. mouth, 9. clapper, 10. bead line
Parts of a typical bell: 1. yoke, 2. crown, 3. head, 4. shoulder, 5. waist, 6. sound ring, 7. lip, 8. mouth, 9. clapper, 10. bead line

A bell is a simple sound-making device. Sound' is Vibration transmitted through a Solid, Liquid, or Gas; particularly sound means those vibrations composed of Frequencies The bell is a percussion instrument and an idiophone. An idiophone is any Musical instrument which creates sound primarily by way of the instrument vibrating itself without the use of strings or membranes Its form is usually an open-ended hollow drum which resonates upon being struck. The striking implement can be a tongue suspended within the bell, known as a clapper, a small, free sphere enclosed within the body of the bell, or a separate mallet.

Bells are usually made of cast metal, but small bells can also be made from ceramic or glass. The word ceramic is derived from the Greek word κεραμικός ( keramikos) Glass in the common sense refers to a Hard, Brittle, transparent Solid, such as that used for Windows many Bells can be of all sizes: from tiny dress accessories to church bells weighing many tons.


Contents

Church and temple bells

Church with Belltower
Church with Belltower
La Piagnona, Florence, Italy
La Piagnona, Florence, Italy

In the Western world, its most classical form is a church bell or town bell, which is hung within a tower and sounded by having the entire bell swung by ropes, whereupon an internal hinged clapper strikes the body of the bell (called a free-swinging bell). Florence ( Italian: Firenze Florentia and Fiorenza) is the Capital City of the Italian region of Tuscany Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest The term Western world, the West or the Occident ( Latin: occidens -sunset -west as distinct from the Orient) can have multiple meanings A church bell is a bell which is rung in a (especially Christian) church either to signify the Hour or the time for worshippers to go to A set of bells, hung in a circle for change ringing, is known as a ring of bells. Change ringing is the art of ringing a set of tuned bells in a series of mathematical patterns called "changes" " Ring of bells " (or " peal of bells " is a term most often applied to a set of bells hung in the English style typically for Change

In the Eastern world, the traditional forms of bells are temple and palace bells, small ones being rung by a sharp rap with a stick, and very large ones rung by a blow from the outside by a large swinging beam. The term Eastern world refers very broadly to the various Cultures social structures and philosophical systems of " the East " This last technique is employed world-wide for some of the largest tower-borne bells, because swinging the bell itself could damage the tower.

In the Roman Catholic Church and among some High Lutherans and Anglicans, small hand-held bells, called Sanctus or sacring bells, are often rung by a server at Mass when the priest holds high up first the host, and then the chalice immediately after he has said the words of consecration over them (the moment known as the Elevation). Lutheranism is a major branch of Western Christianity that identifies with the teachings of the sixteenth-century German reformer Martin Luther Anglicanism is a tradition of Christian faith Churches in this tradition either have historical connections to the Church of England or have similar beliefs Sanctus is the Latin word for holy or saint and is the name of an important Hymn of Christian Liturgy. In the Roman Catholic Church and in some churches of the Anglican Communion, an altar bell is a small bell placed on the credence or in some other convenient In Christian liturgy the Elevation is the ritual of raising the Consecrated elements of bread and wine during the celebration of the This serves to indicate to the congregation that the bread and wine have just been transformed into the body and blood of Christ (see transubstantiation), or, in the alternative Reformation teaching, that Christ is now bodily present in the elements, and that what the priest is holding up for them to look at is Christ himself (see consubstantiation). See also Eucharist (Catholic Church On the related belief that Christ is present in the Eucharist in body blood soul and divinity see Real Presence. The Protestant Reformation was a reform movement in Europe that began in 1517 though its roots lie further back in time Consubstantiation is a theological doctrine that (like Transubstantiation) attempts to describe the nature of the Christian Eucharist in concrete metaphysical

Japanese religious bells

Japanese Shintoist and Buddhist bells are used in religious ceremonies. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. is the native religion of Japan and was once its State religion. Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices Suzu, a homophone meaning both "cool and refreshing," are spherical bells which contain metal pellets that produce sound from the inside. A is a ball-shaped Shinto religious bell Ringing a handheld clustered suzu like sleigh bells for musical instrument, is same as waving a, means calling gods and divinized The hemispherical bell is the Kane bell, which is struck on the outside. The (IPA kɑːnɛ is a type of bell from Japan. The same pronunciation of the word in Japanese can also mean metal or money See also Kane (musical instrument), ja:鈴, ja:梵鐘. The (IPA kɑːnɛ is a type of bell from Japan. The same pronunciation of the word in Japanese can also mean metal or money

Buddhist bells

Buddhist bells are used in religious ceremonies. Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices See also Tibetan tingsha bells. Tingshajpg|thumb|right|Tingsha cymbals designed with the Eight auspicious symbols ]] Tibetan tingsha (or Ting-Sha) ( are small Cymbals used in prayer

Farm bells

Whereas the church and temple bells called to mass or religious service, bells were used on farms for more secular signaling. Mass is a fundamental concept in Physics, roughly corresponding to the Intuitive idea of how much Matter there is in an object A farm is an area of land including various structures devoted primarily to the practice of producing and managing food ( Produce, Grains, or Livestock The greater farms in Scandinavia usually had a small bell-tower resting on the top of the barn. Terminology and usage As a cultural term "Scandinavia" has no official definition and is subject to usage by those who identify with the culture in question as well A barn is an agricultural building used for storage and as a covered workplace The bell was used to call the workers from the field at the end of the day's work.

In folk tradition, it is recorded that each church and possibly several farms had their specific rhymes connected to the sound of the specific bells. Folk religion consists of Beliefs Superstitions and Rituals transmitted from generation to generation in a specific Culture. This article is about the poetic technique For the form of ice see Rime ice. An example is the Pete Seeger song The Bells of Rhymney. Peter "Pete" Seeger (born May 3 1919 is an American folk singer political Activist, and a key figure in the mid-20th century American

Bells as musical instruments

Some bells are used as musical instruments, such as carillons, (clock) chimes, or ensembles of bell-players, called bell choirs, using hand-held bells of varying tones. A musical instrument is a device constructed or modified for the purpose of making Music. A carillon (/kaʁijɔ̃/ /ˈkærɪljɒn/ or /kəˈrɪljən/ is a Musical instrument consisting of at least 23 cast bronze cup-shaped bells which are played A Carillon -like instrument with fewer than 23 bells is called a chime. A handbell is a bell designed to be rung by hand To ring a handbell a ringer grasps the bell by its slightly flexible handle &mdash traditionally made of leather but often A "ring of bells" is a set of 4 to twelve bells or more used in change ringing, a particular method of ringing bells in patterns. Change ringing is the art of ringing a set of tuned bells in a series of mathematical patterns called "changes" A peal in changing ringing may have bells playing for several hours, playing 5,000 or more patterns without a break or repetition. A peal is a term used to describe a performance of Change ringing, usually on tower or hand bells. .

Ancient Chinese bells

The ancient Chinese had bronze bells called bianzhong or zhong (鐘) which were used as musical instruments. Bianzhong ( is an ancient Chinese musical instrument consisting of a set of Bronze bells played melodically Some of these bells were dated from 2000 to 3600 years old. These bells can each produce two tones. These bells usually have inscriptions on them from which scholars used as references for studying ancient Chinese writings (also known as Bronzeware script). Chinese Bronze inscriptions are writing in a variety of Chinese scripts on Chinese bronze artifacts such as zhōng bells and dǐng tripodal cauldrons Another related ancient Chinese musical instrument is called qing (磬 pinyin qing4) but it was made of stone instead of metal. Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use

This copper bell was made by pre-Columbian North American natives.
This copper bell was made by pre-Columbian North American natives.

Bellmaking

The process of casting bells is called bellmaking or bellfounding, and in Europe dates to the 4th or 5th century. Bellfounding is the craft of creating bells in a Foundry [1] The traditional metal for these bells is a bronze of about 23% tin. Bronze is any of a broad range of Copper alloys, usually with Tin as the main additive but sometimes with other elements such as Phosphorus Tin is a Chemical element with the symbol Sn (stannum and Atomic number 50 Known as bell metal, this alloy is also the traditional alloy for the finest Turkish and Chinese cymbals. Bell metal is a hard Alloy used for making bells. It is a form of Bronze, usually approximately 31 ratio of Copper to Tin (78% copper Cymbals are made from four main Alloys, all of them Copper -based Cymbals are a modern percussion instrument Cymbals consist of thin normally round plates of various Cymbal alloys; see Cymbal making for a discussion of their Other materials sometimes used for large bells include brass and iron. Brass is any Alloy of Copper and Zinc; the proportions of zinc and copper can be varied to create a range of brasses with varying properties Iron (ˈаɪɚn is a Chemical element with the symbol Fe (ferrum and Atomic number 26 Bells are always cast mouth down.

Bells are made to exact formulas, so that given the diameter it is possible to calculate every dimension, and its musical note, or tone. The frequency of a bell's note in Hz varies with the square of its thickness, and inversely with its diameter. Much experimentation has been devoted to determining the exact shape that will give the best tone. The thickness of a church bell at its thickest part, called the 'sound bow' is usually one thirteenth its diameter. If the bell is mounted as cast, it is called a "maiden bell" while "tuned bells" are worked after casting to produce a precise note.

Bell towers

Bells are also associated with clocks, indicating the hour by ringing. Circadian Locomotor Output Cycles Kaput, or Clock is a gene which encodes proteins regulating Circadian rhythm. Indeed, the word clock comes from the Latin word cloca, meaning bell. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Clock towers or bell towers can be heard over long distances which was especially important in the time when clocks were too expensive for widespread use. A Tower which contains one or more bells or which is obviously designed to hold bells (even if it has none is a bell tower.

In the case of clock towers and grandfather clocks, a particular sequence of tones may be played to represent the hour. One common pattern is called the "Westminster Quarters," a sixteen-note pattern named after the Palace of Westminster which popularized it as the measure used by Big Ben. Description The melody consists of five different Permutations of four pitches which can be played in any key The Clock Tower is the world's largest four-faced chiming Clock.

Wonderful Famous bells

The bell within the Clock Tower colloquially known as Big Ben

Mingun Bell weighs 55,555 viss, or 90 tonnes. The Clock Tower is the world's largest four-faced chiming Clock. The Mingun Bell is a bell located in Mingun, Sagaing division Myanmar. Burmese units or the Burmese system is a collection of units used in Myanmar. This article is about the tonne or metric ton For other tons see Ton.

Philadelphia's Liberty Bell

Tsar Bell, by the Motorins. Philadelphia (ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə The Liberty Bell, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, is a bell that has served as one of the most prominent symbols of the American Revolutionary The Tsar Bell ( Russian: Царь–колокол Tsar Kolokol, literally " Tsar of bells" is a huge bell on display on the grounds The Motorins, also spelled Matorins ( Моторины, Маторины in Russian) were a famous Russian family of bell casters

The Zygmunt (Sigismund) Bell in Kraków, Poland. Zygmunt ( Sigismund in Latin) named after King Sigismund (Zygmunt I the Old, is a bell that hangs inside Zygmunt's Tower Kraków, in English also spelled Krakow or Cracow (ˈkrækaʊ M-W: krăk'ou krāk'ō is one of the largest and oldest cities in Poland Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland

The World Peace Bell in Kentucky. The Commonwealth of Kentucky ( is a state located in the East Central United States of America.

St. Petersglocke (with person for scale)

Chinese bells from the ancient Warring States, Hubei Provincial Museum, Wuhan, China. The Warring States Period ( also known as the Era of Warring States covers the period from some time in the 5th century BC to the unification of China by the ( Postal map spelling: Hupeh) is a central province of the People's Republic of China. ( is the capital of Hubei province and is the most populous city in central People's Republic of China. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National

Notable bells

Chimes

A variant on the bell is the tubular bell. Tubular bells (also known as chimes) are Musical instruments in the percussion family Several of these metal tubes which are struck manually with hammers, form an instrument named tubular bells or chimes. In the case of wind or aeolian chimes, the tubes are blown against one another by the wind.

Footnotes

  1. ^ Milham, Willis I. (1945). Time and Timekeepers. New York: MacMillan. ISBN 0780800087.   p. 313-318

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