Belgrade Београд Beograd
City of Belgrade
Aerial view of Belgrade
Flag Coat of arms
Location of Belgrade within Serbia
Coordinates: 44°49′14″N 20°27′44″E / 44.82056, 20.46222
Country	Serbia
District	City of Belgrade
Municipalities	17
Founded	269 B.C.
City rights	150 A.D.
Government
- Mayor	Zoran Alimpić (DS) (acting)
- Ruling parties	DS/DSS/G17+
Area
- City	3,222. The flag of Belgrade is composed of three Serbian national Colours red blue and white Belgrade has small medium and large coat of arms. History The small coat of arms was sketched by Đorđe Andrejević Kun in 1931 and Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically Serbia (Србија Srbija) officially the Republic of Serbia (Република Србија Republika Srbija) is a Landlocked Country See also Subdivisions of Serbia Districts (Окрузи Okruzi) are the Administrative units of Serbia, comprising several municipalities See also Subdivisions of Serbia There are 200 municipalities in Serbia: 124 in Central Serbia, 46 in Vojvodina and 30 in Kosovo The Mayor of Belgrade is the head of the City of Belgrade (capital of Serbia) Zoran Alimpić (Зоран Алимпић is the former Chairman of the Assembly of the City of Belgrade. This article lists political parties in Serbia. Serbia has a Multi-party system with numerous parties in which no one party often has a chance of gaining The Democratic Party of Serbia ( Serbian: Демократска странка Србије or Demokratska stranka Srbije) is the largest Conservative Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 68 km² (1,244. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 3 sq mi)
- Urban	1,035. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. 0 km² (399. 6 sq mi)
Elevation [1]	117 m (384 ft)
Population (2002. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit )[2]
- City	1. 576. 512
- Density	7,450/km² (19,295. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 4/sq mi)
- Urban	1. 281. 801
- Urban Density	4,880/km² (12,639. 1/sq mi)
Time zone	CET (UTC+1)
- Summer (DST)	CEST (UTC+2)
Postal code	11000
Area code(s)	(+381) 11
Car plates	BG
Website: www.beograd.rs

Belgrade (Serbian: Београд, Beograd listen (help·info)), is the capital and largest city of Serbia. Central European Time ( CET) is one of the names of the Time zone that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+1 is used in the following locations Central European Time West Africa Time Western European Summer Time Daylight saving time ( DST Central European Summer Time ( CEST) is one of the names of UTC+2 Time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+2 corresponds to the following Time zones Eastern European Time Egypt Standard Time Central Africa Time A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks Serbian car License plate codes consist of a two-letter region code followed by two 2- or 3-digit numbers Serbian (sr-Cyrl српски језик sr-Latn ''srpski jezik'' is a South Slavic language, Serbia (Србија Srbija) officially the Republic of Serbia (Република Србија Republika Srbija) is a Landlocked Country The city lies at the confluence of the Sava and Danube Rivers in north central Serbia, where the Pannonian Plain meets the Balkan Peninsula. The Sava ( Bosnian, Croatian, Slovene: Sava; Serbian: Сава, Sava) is a river in The Danube (In Donau from earlier Danuvius, Celtic *dānu, meaning "to flow run" Slovak and Polish Dunaj The Pannonian Plain is a large Plain in Central Europe that remained when the Pliocene Pannonian Sea dried out With a population of over 1. 9 million (estimate2008), Belgrade is the largest city in the territory of the former Yugoslavia, and the fourth largest in Southeastern Europe, after Istanbul, Athens, and Bucharest. The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene, Macedonian: Istanbul (historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see the other Names of Istanbul) is the largest city of Turkey Athens (ˈæθənz Αθήνα Athina,) the Capital and largest city of Greece, dominates the Attica periphery as one of the world's Bucharest ( Romanian: Bucureşti) is the Capital city, industrial and commercial centre of Romania.

One of Europe's oldest cities,^[3][4] Belgrade's wider city area was the birthplace of the largest prehistoric culture of Europe, the Vinča culture. The Vinča culture was an early culture of Europe (between the 6th and the 3rd millennium BC stretching around the course of Danube in what today is Serbia ^[5] The foundation of the city itself dates back to Celtic and later, Roman periods, followed by the settlement of Slavs around the 7th century. Celts (ˈkɛlts or /ˈsɛlts/, see Names of the Celts The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial In medieval times, it was in the possession of Byzantine, Frankish, Bulgarian, Hungarian and Serbian rulers, until it was conquered by the Ottomans in 1521 and became the seat of the Pashaluk of Belgrade. The Franks or Frankish people (Franci or gens Francorum) were West Germanic tribes first identified in the 3rd century as an Ethnic group The First Bulgarian Empire (Първo Българско царство Părvo Bălgarsko Tsarstvo) was a Medieval Bulgarian state founded in AD 632 This article deals with the history of the Kingdom of Hungary from the 10th century to c The Serbian Despotate ( Serbian: Српска деспотовина or Srpska despotovina) was among the last Serbian states to be conquered by the The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish The Sanjak of Smederevo ( Serbian: Smederevski sandžak or Смедеревски санџак, Turkish: Semendire Sancağı) also It became the capital of an independent Serbian state for the first time in 1284 (lost to Hungary in 1427), the status that it would regain only in 1841, after the liberation from the Ottomans. Stefan Dragutin (died March 12 1316) was King of Serbia from 1276 to 1282 and King of Srem from 1282 to 1316 The Kingdom of Hungary (short form Hungary) was a considerable state in Central Europe that existed from 1001 to 1918 then from 1919 to 1946 Serbian revolution or Revolutionary Serbia refers to the national and Social revolution of the Serbian people between 1804 and 1817 during In the 20th century, it was also the capital of several incarnations of Yugoslavia, up to 2006, when Serbia became an independent state again. See also Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian

Belgrade has the status of a separate territorial unit in Serbia, with its own autonomous city government. ^[6] Its territory is divided into 17 municipalities, each having its own local council. Belgrade (Београд Beograd is the Capital and largest city of Serbia. ^[7] It covers 3. 6% of the territory of Serbia, and 21% of the Serbian population lives in the city. ^[8] Belgrade is the central economic hub of Serbia, and the capital of Serbian culture, education and science. Serbian culture refers to the culture of Serbia as well as the culture of Serbs in other parts of the former Yugoslavia and elsewhere in the world Education in Serbia is regulated by the Ministry of Education.

Contents 1 Geography 1.1 Climate 2 History 2.1 Ancient city 2.2 Middle Ages 2.3 Turkish conquest / Austrian invasions 2.4 Serbian capital 2.5 World War I / Unified city 2.6 World War II 2.7 Post-communist history 2.8 Names through history 3 Government and politics 3.1 Municipalities 4 Demographics 5 Economy 6 Culture 6.1 Museums 6.2 Architecture 6.3 Tourism 6.4 Nightlife 6.5 Sport 7 Media 8 Education 9 Transportation 10 International cooperation and honours 11 Belgrade photo gallery 12 See also 13 References 14 Further reading 15 External links

Geography

Belgrade lies 116. 75 metres (383 ft) above sea level and is located at the confluence of the Danube and Sava rivers, at coordinates 44°49'14" North, 20°27'44" East. Mean sea level (MSL is the average (mean height of the Sea, with reference to a suitable reference surface Confluence, in Geography, describes the meeting of two or more Bodies of water. The Danube (In Donau from earlier Danuvius, Celtic *dānu, meaning "to flow run" Slovak and Polish Dunaj The Sava ( Bosnian, Croatian, Slovene: Sava; Serbian: Сава, Sava) is a river in A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. The historical core of Belgrade (today's Kalemegdan) is on the right bank of the rivers. Kalemegdan ( Serbian Cyrillic: Калемегдан) is a Park in an urban area neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital Since the 19th century, the city has been expanding to the south and east, and after World War II, New Belgrade was built on the Sava's left bank, merging Belgrade with Zemun. Novi Beograd or New Belgrade ( Serbian Cyrillic: Нови Београд) is one of 17 municipalities which constitute the City of Belgrade Zemun ( Serbian Cyrillic: Земун, German: Semlin Hungarian: Zimony is an urban neighborhood and one of the 17 municipalities Smaller, chiefly residential communities across the Danube, like Krnjača and Ovča, also merged with the city. Krnjača ( Serbian Cyrillic: Крњача) is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. Location Ovča is located in the northern Banat section of the Palilula municipality ( Pančevački Rit) 13 kilometers north of downtown Belgrade The city has an urban area of 360 square kilometres (139 sq mi), while together with its metropolitan area it covers 3,223 km² (1,244. 4 sq mi). Throughout history, Belgrade has been a major crossroad between the West and the Orient. The term Western world, the West or the Occident ( Latin: occidens -sunset -west as distinct from the Orient) can have multiple meanings The Orient is a term which simply means the " East " It originated in Western Asia to describe that part of the world ^[9]

On the right bank of the Sava, central Belgrade has hilly terrain, while the highest point of Belgrade proper is Torlak hill at 303 m (994 ft). Kumodraž ( Serbian Cyrillic: Кумодраж) is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. The mountains of Avala (511 m (1,677 ft)) and Kosmaj (628 m (2,060 ft)) lie south of the city. Avala ( Serbian Cyrillic: Авала) is the mountain overlooking the city of Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. Kosmaj ( Serbian Cyrillic: Космај) is the mountain south of Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. ^[10] Across the Sava and Danube, the land is mostly flat, consisting of alluvial plains and loessial plateaus. An alluvial plain is a relatively flat Landform created by the deposition of sediment over a long period of time by one or more Rivers coming from highland regions Loam is Soil composed of Sand, Silt, and Clay in relatively even concentration (about 40-40-20% concentration respectively considered In Geology and Earth science, a plateau, also called a high plateau or tableland, is an area of highland, usually consisting

Climate

Climate chart for Belgrade
J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
49   4 -2	44   6 0	50   12 3	59   18 8	71   23 12	90   25 15	66   27 16	51   27 16	51   24 13	40   18 8	54   11 4	58   5 0
temperatures in °C • precipitation totals in mm source: Climate-Charts.com
Imperial conversion J F M A M J J A S O N D     1. 9   39 28     1. 7   43 32     2   54 37     2. 3   64 46     2. 8   73 54     3. 5   77 59     2. 6   81 61     2   81 61     2   75 55     1. 6   64 46     2. 1   52 39     2. 3   41 32 temperatures in °F • precipitation totals in inches

Belgrade has a moderate continental climate. Continental climate is a Climate that is characterized by Winter Temperatures cold enough to support a fixed period of Snow cover each Year The year-round average temperature is 11. 7 °C (53. 1 °F), while the hottest month is July, with an average temperature of 22. 1 °C (71. 8 °F). There are, on average, 31 days a year when the temperature is above 30 °C, and 95 days when the temperature is above 25 °C. Belgrade receives about 700 millimetres (27. The Millimetre ( American spelling: millimeter, symbol mm) is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to 56 in) of precipitation a year. Inches redirects here To see the Les Savy Fav album see Inches. The average annual number of sunny hours is 2,096. The sunniest months are July and August, with an average of about 10 sunny hours a day, while December and January are the gloomiest, with an average of 2–2. 3 sunny hours a day. ^[11] The highest ever recorded temperature in Belgrade was +43,1 °C,^[12] while on the other end, the lowest temperature was -26. 2 °C on January 10th, 1893. ^[13]

History

See also: Timeline of Belgrade history

Ancient city

The Neolithic Starčevo and Vinča cultures existed in or near Belgrade and dominated the Balkans (as well as parts of Central Europe and Asia Minor) about 7,000 years ago. The Neolithic (from Greek νεολιθικός — neolithikos from νέος neos, "new" + λίθος lithos The Starčevo culture, also called Starčevo-Körös culture or Starčevo-Körös-Criş culture was a widespread early Neolithic Archaeological culture The Vinča culture was an early culture of Europe (between the 6th and the 3rd millennium BC stretching around the course of Danube in what today is Serbia Central Europe is the Region lying between the variously and vaguely defined areas of Eastern and Anatolia (Anadolu Ανατολία Anatolía) or Asia minor, comprising most of modern Turkey, is the geographic region bounded by the Black ^[14][15] Settled in the fourth century BC by a Celtic tribe, the Scordisci, the city's first recorded name was Singidūn, before becoming the Roman settlement of Singidunum in the first century AD. Celts (ˈkɛlts or /ˈsɛlts/, see Names of the Celts Scordisci were in ancient geography a war-like tribe inhabiting the southern part of lower Pannonia, comprising parts of the present-day countries Austria, The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial Singidunum was an ancient Roman city first settled by the Celtic Scordisci tribe in the 3rd century BC and later garrisoned and fortified by the Romans

In the mid 2nd century, the city was proclaimed a municipium by the Roman authorities, evolving into a full fledged colonia (highest class Roman city) by the end of the century. For other meanings see Jovian (disambiguation. Flavius Iovianus, Anglicized to Jovian, ( 331 - 17 February The Roman Emperor was the ruler of the Roman State during the imperial period (starting at about 27 BC Singidunum was an ancient Roman city first settled by the Celtic Scordisci tribe in the 3rd century BC and later garrisoned and fortified by the Romans A municipium (pl municipia) belonged to the second highest class of Roman cities being A Roman colonia (plural coloniae) was originally a Roman outpost established in conquered territory to secure it The first Christian Emperor of Rome was born in modern Serbia: Constantine I known as Constantine the Great (Naissus, 280 A. A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth The Roman Emperor was the ruler of the Roman State during the imperial period (starting at about 27 BC Serbia (Србија Srbija) officially the Republic of Serbia (Република Србија Republika Srbija) is a Landlocked Country Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus (27 February ca. 272 &ndash 22 May 337 commonly known as Constantine I, Constantine the Great, or Saint Constantine Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus (27 February ca. 272 &ndash 22 May 337 commonly known as Constantine I, Constantine the Great, or Saint Constantine Events By Place Roman Empire Emperor Probus suppresses the revolt of the usurper Proculus. D. ^[16]) and a Roman Emperor was born in Belgrade, Jovian, the restorer of Christianity, Flavius Iovianus, (Singidunum, 332 A. For other meanings see Jovian (disambiguation. Flavius Iovianus, Anglicized to Jovian, ( 331 - 17 February Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings For other meanings see Jovian (disambiguation. Flavius Iovianus, Anglicized to Jovian, ( 331 - 17 February Singidunum was an ancient Roman city first settled by the Celtic Scordisci tribe in the 3rd century BC and later garrisoned and fortified by the Romans Events By Place Roman Empire Emperor Constantine I defeats the Visigoths in battle D. ^[17]) Jovian reestablished Christianity as the official religion of the Roman Empire, ending the brief revival of paganism under his predecessor Julian. The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial In 395 AD, the site passed to the Eastern Roman or Byzantine Empire. ^[15] Across the Sava from Singidunum was the Celtic city of Taurunum (Zemun), that through Roman and Byzantine times shared a common fate with its "twin brother" (the two cities were connected by a bridge). Zemun ( Serbian Cyrillic: Земун, German: Semlin Hungarian: Zimony is an urban neighborhood and one of the 17 municipalities ^[15] However, for most of the succeeding period (from the 6th until the early 20th century), the two cities have grown apart from each other, belonging to different states. ^[18]

Middle Ages

Singidunum was occupied and often ravaged by successive invasions of Huns, Sarmatians, Ostrogoths and Avars before the arrival of the Slavs around 630 AD. The Siege of Belgrade occurred from July 4 to July 22, 1456. After the Fall of Constantinople in 1453, Ottoman The Huns were an early confederation of Central Asian equestrian nomads or semi-nomads with a Turkic core of aristocracy The Sarmatians, Sarmatae or Sauromatae ( Old Iranian Sarumatah 'archer' Σαρμάτες The Ostrogoths (Ostrogothi or Austrogothi were a branch of the Goths, an East Germanic tribe that played a major role in the political events of the late The Caucasian Avars are a modern people of Caucasus, mainly of Dagestan. The Avars were finally destroyed in the 9th century by the Frankish Kingdom, which incorporated the former Taurunum into its territory (renaming it to Malevilla). Francia or Frankia, later also called the Frankish Empire (imperium Francorum Frankish Kingdom (Latin regnum Francorum, "Kingdom of the Zemun ( Serbian Cyrillic: Земун, German: Semlin Hungarian: Zimony is an urban neighborhood and one of the 17 municipalities ^[18] At the same time (around 878), the first record of the Slavic name Beligrad has appeared, during the rule of the First Bulgarian Empire. The Slavic languages (also called Slavonic languages) a group of closely related Languages of the Slavic peoples and a subgroup of Indo-European languages The First Bulgarian Empire (Първo Българско царство Părvo Bălgarsko Tsarstvo) was a Medieval Bulgarian state founded in AD 632 For about four centuries, the city remained a battleground between the Byzantine Empire, the Kingdom of Hungary and the First Bulgarian Empire. The Kingdom of Hungary (short form Hungary) was a considerable state in Central Europe that existed from 1001 to 1918 then from 1919 to 1946 The First Bulgarian Empire (Първo Българско царство Părvo Bălgarsko Tsarstvo) was a Medieval Bulgarian state founded in AD 632 ^[18] The city hosted the armies of the First and the Second Crusade;^[19] while passing through during the Third Crusade, Frederick Barbarossa and his 190,000 crusaders saw Belgrade in ruins. The First Crusade was launched in 1095 by Pope Urban II with the dual goals of conquering the sacred city of Jerusalem and the Holy Land and freeing The Second Crusade (1147&ndash1149 was the second major Crusade launched from Europe, called in 1145 in response to the fall of the County of Edessa the The Third Crusade (1189&ndash1192 also known as the Kings' Crusade, was an attempt by European leaders to reconquer the Holy Land from Saladin Frederick I Barbarossa (1122 &ndash 10 June 1190) was elected King of Germany at Frankfurt on 4 March 1152 and crowned The Third Crusade (1189&ndash1192 also known as the Kings' Crusade, was an attempt by European leaders to reconquer the Holy Land from Saladin ^[20] Capital of the Kingdom of Syrmia since 1284, the first Serbian king to rule over Belgrade was Dragutin, who received it as a gift from his father-in-law, the Hungarian king Stephen V. Stefan Dragutin (died March 12 1316) was King of Serbia from 1276 to 1282 and King of Srem from 1282 to 1316 This is a list of Serbian monarchs. Notes Entries bounded within parentheses are for reference only for instance the Roman numerals keep counts of Stefans Stefan Dragutin (died March 12 1316) was King of Serbia from 1276 to 1282 and King of Srem from 1282 to 1316 A father-in-law is a spouse's Father. See also Affinity (law Marriage Mother-in-law Stephen V (V István Stjepan VI Štefan V (before October 18 1239 Buda, Hungary &ndash August 6 1272 Csepel Island, Hungary) King ^[21] Following the Battle of Maritsa in 1371, and the Battle of Kosovo in 1389, the Serbian Empire began to crumble as the Ottoman Empire conquered its southern territory. The Battle of Maritsa or Battle of Chernomen (also known as the Second Battle of Maritsa) (Маричка битка битка при Черномен took This page is about the Battle of Kosovo of 1389; for other battles see Battle of Kosovo (disambiguation. The Serbian Empire ( Serbian: Српско Царство Srpsko Carstvo) was a medieval empire in the Balkans that emerged from the medieval The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish ^[22][23] The north, however, resisted through the Serbian Despotate, which had Belgrade as its capital. The Serbian Despotate ( Serbian: Српска деспотовина or Srpska despotovina) was among the last Serbian states to be conquered by the The city flourished under despot Stefan Lazarević, son of the famous Serbian ruler Lazar Hrebeljanović. Despotism is a Form of government by a single authority either an individual or tightly knit group, which rules with absolute political power Stefan Lazarević ( Serbian Cyrillic: Стефан Лазаревић 1374 &ndash 19 July, 1427) was a Serbian Despot. Stefan Lazar (Стефан Лазар Tzar Lazar Hrebeljanović ( Serbian Cyrillic: Кнез Лазар Хребељановић or Knez Lazar Lazarević built a castle with a citadel and towers, of which only the Despot's tower and the west wall remain. The Despot Stefan Tower is a structure in Belgrade, Serbia, built ca He also refortified the city's ancient walls, allowing the Despotate to resist the Ottomans for almost 70 years. During this time, Belgrade was a haven for the many Balkan peoples fleeing from Ottoman rule, and is thought to have had a population of some 40–50,000. ^[21]

In 1427, Stefan's successor Đurađ Branković had to return Belgrade to the Hungarians, and the capital was moved to Smederevo. Đurađ Branković ( Serbian Cyrillic: Ђурађ Бранковић Hungarian: Brankovics György; 1377 &ndash 24 December, 1456 The Kingdom of Hungary (short form Hungary) was a considerable state in Central Europe that existed from 1001 to 1918 then from 1919 to 1946 Smederevo Fortress ( Serbian Latin: Smederevska tvrđava, Cyrillic: Cмeдepeвcκa твpђaвa in Smederevo, Serbia, During his reign, the Ottomans captured most of the Serbian Despotate, unsuccessfully besieging Belgrade first in 1440^[19] and again in 1456. The Serbian Despotate ( Serbian: Српска деспотовина or Srpska despotovina) was among the last Serbian states to be conquered by the ^[24] As it presented an obstacle to their further advance into Central Europe, over 100,000 Ottoman solders^[25] have launched the famous Siege of Belgrade, where the Christian army under John Hunyadi successfully defended the city from the Ottomans, wounding the Sultan Mehmed II^[26] This battle "decided the fate of Christendom";^[27] the noon bell ordered by Pope Callixtus III commemorates the victory throughout the Christian world to this day. Central Europe is the Region lying between the variously and vaguely defined areas of Eastern and The Siege of Belgrade occurred from July 4 to July 22, 1456. After the Fall of Constantinople in 1453, Ottoman Christendom usually refers to Christianity as a territorial phenomenon John Hunyadi ( Medieval Latin: Ioannes Corvinus, Hungarian: Hunyadi János, (c During the Siege of Belgrade in 1456, Hungarian noblemen John Hunyadi (leader of the Hungarian royal army and Mihály Szilágyi (Captain of Pope Calixtus III ( December 31, 1378 &ndash August 6, 1458) né Alfonso de Borja, was Pope from April ^[28][19]

Turkish conquest / Austrian invasions

It wasn't until 28 August 1521 (7 decades after the last siege), that the fort was finally captured by Sultan Suleyman the Magnificent and his 250,000 soldiers; subsequently, most of the city was razed to the ground and its entire Christian population deported to Istanbul. Events 475 - The Roman General Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his Capital Suleiman I (سليمان Sulaymān, Süleyman almost always Kanuni Sultan Süleyman) ( 6 November 1494 5/ 6 September 1566 Istanbul (historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see the other Names of Istanbul) is the largest city of Turkey ^[19] Belgrade was made the seat of the district (Sanjak), attracting new inhabitants—Turks, Armenians, Greeks, Ragusan traders, and others, and there was peace for the next 150 years. Sanjak and Sandjak (other variants sinjaq sanjaq) are the most common English transcriptions of the Turkish word sancak The Turkic peoples are Eurasian peoples residing in northern central and western Eurasia who speak languages belonging to the Turkic language family The Armenians (Հայեր Hayer) are a Nation and Ethnic group originating in the Caucasus and in the Armenian Highlands A large The Greeks ( Greek: Έλληνες) are a Nation and Ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and neighbouring regions The Republic of The city became the second largest Ottoman town in Europe at over 100,000 people, surpassed only by Constantinople. The Ottoman Turks were the subdivision of the Ottoman Muslim Millet that dominated the ruling class of the Ottoman Empire. Constantinople (Κωνσταντινούπολις Konstantinoúpolis, or gr ἡ Πόλις hē Polis, Latin: la CONSTANTINOPOLIS ^[25] Turkish rule also introduced Ottoman architecture to Belgrade and many mosques were built, increasing the city's Oriental influences. Ottoman architecture is the Architecture of the Ottoman Empire which emerged in Bursa and Edirne in 14th and 15th centuries A "mosque" in English refers to all types of buildings dedicated for Islamic worship although there is a distinction in Arabic between the smaller privately owned mosque and the larger The Orient is a term which simply means the " East " It originated in Western Asia to describe that part of the world ^[29] In 1594, a major Serb rebellion was crushed by the Turks. The Serb uprising in Banat in 1594 was one of the three largest uprisings in the Serbian history and the largest one before the First Serbian Uprising, Further on, Albanian- born Grand Vizir Sinan Pasha^[30] ordered the relics of Saint Sava to be publicly torched on the Vračar plateau; more recently, the Temple of Saint Sava was built to commemorate this event. Sinan Pasha ( 1506 - April 3, 1596) was an Albanian born Ottoman military commander ( Pasha) and statesman A relic is an object or a personal item of religious significance carefully preserved with an air of Veneration as a tangible memorial Saint Archbishop Sava (or saint Sabbas; Serbian: Свети Сава Sveti Sava) ( 1175 - January 14, 1235) originally The Vračar plateau is the plateau with absolute height of 134 Meters above the sea level The Temple of Saint Sava ( Serbian: Храм светог Саве or Hram svetog Save) is the largest Orthodox church in the world situated in Belgrade ^[31] In retaliation for the rebellion, most of the city's population was deported to Istanbul; the Belgrade Forest is, centuries on, still named after those Serbian refugees. Istanbul (historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see the other Names of Istanbul) is the largest city of Turkey ^[32]

Occupied by Austria three times (1688–1690, 1717–1739, 1789–1791), Belgrade was quickly recaptured and substantially razed each time by the Ottomans. Habsburg Monarchy (alternatively Habsburg Empire) refers to the territories ruled by the Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg, and then by the successor ^[29] During this period, the city was affected by the two Great Serbian Migrations, in which hundreds of thousands of Serbs, led by their patriarchs, retreated together with the Austrians into the Habsburg Empire, settling in today's Vojvodina and Slavonia. The term Great Serb Migrations (Serbian Велике сеобе Срба/Velike seobе Srba refers to the two large migrations of Serbs from the Ottoman Empire to This is a list of the Archbishops and Patriarchs of Peć and the Serbs from the creation of the church as an archdiocese in 1219 to today's Patriarchate The Autonomous Province of Vojvodina ( Serbian: Аутономна Покрајина Војводина or Autonomna Pokrajina Vojvodina; Hungarian: Vajdaság Not to be confused with Slovenia, a nearby country Slavonia ( Croatian, Serbian: Slavonija, Cyrillic script ^[33]

Serbian capital

During the First Serbian Uprising, the Serbian revolutionaries held the city from 8 January 1806 until 1813, when it was retaken by the Ottomans. The First Serbian Uprising was a Serbian national Revolution which lasted for nine years and approx Events 871 - Battle of Ashdown - Ethelred of Wessex defeats a Danish invasion army Year 1806 ( MDCCCVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common ^[34] After the Second Serbian Uprising in 1817, Serbia reached semi-independence, which was formally recognized by the Porte in 1830. The Second Serbian Uprising (1815-1817 was a second phase of the national revolution of the Serbs against the Ottoman Empire, which erupted shortly after Ottoman Porte (also Sublime Porte, High Porte, or in Ottoman Turkish, Bab-ı Ali) used to refer to the Divan (court ^[35] In 1841, Prince Mihailo Obrenović moved the capital from Kragujevac to Belgrade. Mihailo (Michael Obrenović III ( Serbian Cyrillic: Михаило Обреновић) ( September 16 ( September 4, OS 1823 Kragujevac ( Serbian Cyrillic: Крагујевац) is a city in Serbia, the largest city of the Šumadija ^[36][37]

With the Principality's full independence in 1878, and its transformation into the Kingdom of Serbia in 1882, Belgrade once again became a key city in the Balkans, and developed rapidly. The Serbian Principality (Serbian Кнежевина Србија Kneževina Srbija) was a state in the Balkans that came into existence as a result of the The Kingdom of Serbia ( Serbian Cyrillic: Краљевина Србија Serbian Latinica Kraljevina Srbija) was created when Prince Milan Obrenović ruler ^[34][38] Nevertheless, conditions in Serbia as a whole remained those of an overwhelmingly agrarian country, even with the opening of a railway to Niš, Serbia's second city, and in 1900 the capital had only 69,100 inhabitants. ^[39] Yet by 1905 the population had grown to more than 80,000, and by the outbreak of World War I in 1914, it had surpassed the 100,000 citizens, not counting Zemun which then belonged to Austria-Hungary. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Zemun ( Serbian Cyrillic: Земун, German: Semlin Hungarian: Zimony is an urban neighborhood and one of the 17 municipalities ^[40]

The first-ever projection of motion pictures in the Balkans and Central Europe was held in Belgrade in June 1896 by Andre Carr, a representative of the Lumière brothers. Central Europe is the Region lying between the variously and vaguely defined areas of Eastern and He shot the first motion pictures of Belgrade in the next year; however, they have not been preserved. ^[41]

World War I / Unified city

"Kalemegdan is the prettiest and most courageous piece of optimism I know. Kalemegdan ( Serbian Cyrillic: Калемегдан) is a Park in an urban area neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital " Rebecca West in 1913[42]

Gavrilo Princip's assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg, in Sarajevo on 28 June 1914 triggered World War I. Gavrilo Princip ( Cyrillic: Гаврило Принцип gaʋ'rilɔ 'prinʦip ( &ndash) was a Bosnian Serb and proclaimed himself to be a Yugoslav TemplateInfobox City for more fields--> Sarajevo is the Capital city and largest urban center of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with Events 1098 - Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul. Year 1914 ( MCMXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Most of the subsequent Balkan offensives occurred near Belgrade. Austro-Hungarian monitors shelled Belgrade on 29 July 1914, and it was taken by the Austro-Hungarian Army under General Oskar Potiorek on 30 November. The Austro-Hungarian Navy was the naval force of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. A monitor was a type of relatively small Warship which was neither fast nor strongly armoured but carried disproportionately large guns and was used by some navies Events 1014 - Byzantine-Bulgarian Wars: Battle of Kleidion: Byzantine emperor Basil II inflicts a decisive defeat Year 1914 ( MCMXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The Austro-Hungarian Army was the ground force of the Austro-Hungarian Dual Monarchy (1867 - 1918 Oskar Potiorek ( 20 November 1853 &ndash 17 December 1933) was an Austrian General who served as the Austro-Hungarian Events 1700 - Battle of Narva — A Swedish army of 8500 men under Charles XII defeats On 15 December, it was re-taken by Serbian troops under Marshal Radomir Putnik. Events 533 - Byzantine general Belisarius defeats the Vandals, commanded by King Gelimer, at the Battle of The Serbian Campaign was fought from August 1914 when Austria-Hungary invaded Serbia at the outset of First World War, until the end of the war in Radomir Putnik, also known as Vojvoda Putnik, (Радомир Путник - Војвода Путник (born January 24 1847 in Kragujevac After a prolonged battle which destroyed much of the city, between 6 October and 9 October 1915, Belgrade fell to German and Austro-Hungarian troops commanded by Field Marshal August von Mackensen on 9 October 1915. Events 105 BC - Battle of Arausio: The Cimbri inflict the heaviest defeat on the Roman army of Gnaeus Mallius Maximus Events 768 - Carloman I and Charlemagne are crowned Kings of The Franks. Year 1915 ( MCMXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The German Army (Deutsches Heer heɐ) is the land component of the armed forces of the Federal Republic of Germany. Anton Ludwig August von Mackensen (December 6 1849 &ndash November 8 1945 born August Mackensen, was a German soldier and field marshal. Events 768 - Carloman I and Charlemagne are crowned Kings of The Franks. Year 1915 ( MCMXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The city was liberated by Serbian and French troops on 5 November 1918, under the command of Marshal Louis Franchet d'Espérey of France and Crown Prince Alexander of Serbia. The French Army, officially the Armée de Terre (Land Army is the land-based component of the French Armed Forces and its largest Events 1499 - Publication of the Catholicon in Treguier ( Brittany) Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Louis Félix Marie François Franchet d'Espérey ( 25 May 1856 &ndash 8 July 1942) was a French general during the First This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The title Aleksandar of Yugoslavia also has other uses. Alexander I also called Alexander the Unificator ( Serbo-Croatian Decimated as the front-line city, for a while it was Subotica^[43] that was the largest city in the Kingdom; still, Belgrade grew rapidly, retrieving its position by the early 1920s. Subotica ( Serbian: Суботица Subotica,, Hungarian: Szabadka, Croatian: Subotica) is a city and municipality in The Kingdom of Yugoslavia (Serbo-Croato-Slovene ie Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene: Kraljevina Jugoslavija

After the war, Belgrade became the capital of the new Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, renamed the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929. The Kingdom of Yugoslavia (Serbo-Croato-Slovene ie Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene: Kraljevina Jugoslavija The Kingdom was split into banovinas, and Belgrade, together with Zemun and Pančevo, formed a separate administrative unit. The subdivisions of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (initially known as the Kingdom of Serbs Croats and Slovenes) existed successively in three different Zemun ( Serbian Cyrillic: Земун, German: Semlin Hungarian: Zimony is an urban neighborhood and one of the 17 municipalities Pančevo ( Serbian: Панчево is a city and municipality located in Serbia at 44 ^[44]

During this period, the city experienced faster growth and significant modernisation. Belgrade's population grew to 239,000 by 1931 (incorporating the town of Zemun, formerly in Austria-Hungary), and 320,000 by 1940. Zemun ( Serbian Cyrillic: Земун, German: Semlin Hungarian: Zimony is an urban neighborhood and one of the 17 municipalities The population growth rate between 1921 and 1948 averaged 4. 08% a year. ^[45] In 1927, Belgrade's first airport opened, and in 1929, its first radio station began broadcasting. The Pančevo Bridge, which crosses the Danube, was opened in 1935. Pančevo Bridge or colloquially Pančevac ( Serbian: Cyrillic: Панчевачки мост, Latin: Pančevački most ^[46]

World War II

On 25 March 1941, the government of regent Crown Prince Paul signed the Tripartite Pact, joining the Axis powers in an effort to stay out of the Second World War. The National Theatre ( Serbian: Народно позориште у Београду / Narodno Pozorište u Beogradu) was founded in the latter half Events 1199 - Richard I is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting France which leads to his death on April 6. Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A regent, from the Latin regens "who reigns" is a person selected to act as Head of state (ruling or not because the ruler is a minor Prince Paul of Yugoslavia ( Serbian:Павле/Pavle ( April 27 1893 – September 11 1976) of the Serbian later Yugoslav Royal The Tripartite Treaty (1906 also refers to a 1906 treaty concerning the Nile river (see Hydropolitics in the Nile Basin. The Axis powers also known as the Axis alliance Axis nations Axis countries or sometimes just the Axis were those Countries World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including This was immediately followed by mass protests in Belgrade and a military coup d'état led by Air Force commander General Dušan Simović, who proclaimed King Peter II to be of age to rule the realm. Peter II of Yugoslavia, known also as Petar II Karađorđević ( Cyrillic: Краљ Петар II Карађорђевић (6 September 1923 – 3 November 1970 Consequently, the city was heavily bombed by the Luftwaffe on 6 April 1941, and up to 17,000 citizens were killed. The city of Belgrade was bombed during two campaigns in World War II, the first undertaken by the Luftwaffe in 1941 and the latter by Allied air forces in 1944 ( German 'luftvafe is a generic German term for an Air force. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato in the Battle of Thapsus Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. ^[47] Yugoslavia was then invaded by German, Italian, Hungarian, and Bulgarian forces, and suburbs as far east as Zemun, in the Belgrade metropolitan area, were incorporated into a Nazi puppet state, the Independent State of Croatia. See also Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers The term Italian Fascism denotes the totalitarian Fascismo political movement that ruled Italy from 1922 until 1943 under leader Benito Mussolini This article is about the history of Hungary from March 1919 to November 1940 The military history of Bulgaria during World War II encompasses an initial period of neutrality until 1 March 1941, a period of alliance Zemun ( Serbian Cyrillic: Земун, German: Semlin Hungarian: Zimony is an urban neighborhood and one of the 17 municipalities A puppet state is a State that is nominally independent but in reality under the control of another power The Independent State of Croatia ( Croatian: Nezavisna Država Hrvatska, NDH was a Puppet state of the Axis powers. Belgrade became the seat of another puppet government, headed by General Milan Nedić. Several months after the occupation and division of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia by the Axis Powers in World War II, the territory of Serbia became known as Militärverwaltung Milan Nedić ( Serbian Cyrillic Милан Недић ( September 2, 1878 &ndash February 4, 1946) was a Serbian

During the summer and fall of 1941, in reprisal for guerrilla attacks, Germans carried out several massacres of Belgrade citizens; in particular, members of the Jewish community were subject to mass shootings at the order of General Franz Böhme, the German Military Governor of Serbia. Jews first arrived in what is now the Republic of Serbia in Roman times Franz Friedrich Böhme (15 April 1885 Austria – 29 May 1947 was a general in the German Army, serving as Commander of the Twentieth Mountain Army Böhme rigorously enforced the rule that for every German killed, 100 Serbs or Jews would be shot. ^[48]

Belgrade was bombed by the Allies on 16 April 1944, killing about 1,600 people. The city of Belgrade was bombed during two campaigns in World War II, the first undertaken by the Luftwaffe in 1941 and the latter by Allied air forces in 1944 The Allies of World War II were the countries officially opposed to the Axis powers during the Second World War. Events 1178 BC - A Solar eclipse may have marked the return of Odysseus, legendary King of Ithaca, to his kingdom Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Both this and the earlier Luftwaffe bombing fell on the Orthodox Christian Easter. The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world Easter ( Greek: Πάσχα Pascha or Pasxa) is the most important religious feast in the Christian Liturgical year. Most of the city remained under German occupation until 20 October 1944, when it was liberated by Communist Yugoslav Partisans and the Red Army. Events 1740 - Maria Theresa takes the throne of Austria. France, Prussia, Bavaria and Saxony Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based The Yugoslav Partisans, or simply the Partisans, ( Serbo-Croatian, Croatian, Serbian, Macedonian, Slovene: Partizani The Red Army ( Russian: Рабоче-Крестьянская Красная Армия R aboche- K rest'yanskaya K rasnaya A rmiya On 29 November 1945, Marshal Josip Broz Tito proclaimed the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia in Belgrade (later to be renamed to Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia on 7 April 1963). Events 1777 - San Jose California, is founded as el Pueblo de San José de Guadalupe Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene, Macedonian: The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene, Macedonian: Events 529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

During the post-war period, Belgrade grew rapidly as the capital of the renewed Yugoslavia, developing as a major industrial centre. ^[38] In 1958, Belgrade's first television station began broadcasting. In 1961, the conference of Non-Aligned Countries was held in Belgrade under Tito's chairmanship. The Non-Aligned Movement ( NAM) is an International organization of states considering themselves not formally aligned with or against any major power bloc In 1968, major student protests against Tito led to several street clashes between students and the police, ending with Tito's famous saying, "Students are right!". In March 1972, Belgrade was at the centre of the last major outbreak of smallpox in Europe, which, through enforced quarantine and mass vaccination, was contained by late May. The 1972 outbreak of smallpox in Yugoslavia was the last major outbreak of Smallpox in Europe. ^[49]

Post-communist history

On 9 March 1991, massive demonstrations led by Vuk Drašković were held in the city against Slobodan Milošević. The Pobednik ( Serbian Cyrillic: Победник; English: The Victor) is a monument in the Kalemegdan Fortress (in Events 590 - Bahram Chobin is crowned as king Barham VI of Persia. Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. March 9th protest refers to a mass rally on the streets of Belgrade that turned into a riot featuring vicious clashes between the protesters and police Vuk Drašković (Вук Драшковић (b November 29 1946, Međa, Žitište, Serbia, former FPR Yugoslavia) leader ^[50] According to various media outlets, there were between 100,000 and 150,000 people on the streets. ^[51] Two people were killed, 203 injured and 108 arrested during the protests, and later that day tanks were deployed onto the streets to restore order. ^[52] Further protests were held in Belgrade from November 1996 to February 1997 against the same government after alleged electoral fraud at local elections. ^[53] These protests brought Zoran Đinđić to power, the first mayor of Belgrade since World War II who did not belong to the League of Communists of Yugoslavia or its later offshoot, the Socialist Party of Serbia. Zoran Đinđić, PhD (often Zoran Djindjić, from Serbian Cyrillic: Зоран Ђинђић, /ˈzorɑn ˈdʑɪndʑɪtɕ/ (1 August The Mayor of Belgrade is the head of the City of Belgrade (capital of Serbia) World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including League of Communists of Yugoslavia ( Savez komunista Jugoslavije) before 1952 the Communist Party of Yugoslavia ( Komunistička partija Jugoslavije) was The Socialist Party of Serbia (Социјалистичка партија Србије Socijalistička partija Srbije) is a Political party in Serbia. ^[54]

The NATO bombing during the Kosovo War in 1999 caused substantial damage to the city. The NATO bombing of Yugoslavia (code-named Operation Allied Force) was NATO 's military operation against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia that The term Kosovo War or Kosovo Conflict is often used to describe two sequential and at times parallel armed conflicts in Kosovo: 1996–1999 Among the sites bombed were the buildings of several ministries, the RTS building, which killed 16 technicians, several hospitals, the Jugoslavija Hotel, the Central Committee building, the Avala TV Tower, and the Chinese embassy. Radio Television of Serbia (Радио-телевизија Србије (PTC or sr Radio-televizija Srbije) is the public broadcaster in Serbia. See also Civilian casualties inflicted during Operation Allied Force The NATO bombing of the Serb Radio and Television headquarters occurred on April 23 1999 Ušće Tower ( Serbian Cyrillic: Ушће) is the tallest building in Belgrade, Serbia. The Avala TV Tower ( Serbian: Авалски торањ / Avalski toranj) was a 202 See also Targeting of civilian areas during Operation Allied Force On May 7 1999 in Operation Allied Force, NATO bombs hit the ^[55]

After the elections in 2000, Belgrade was the site of major street protests, with over half a million people on the streets (800,000 by police estimates, over 1,000,000 according to Misha Glenny). Misha Glenny (born 1958 is a British journalist and specialist on Southeastern Europe. These demonstrations resulted in the ousting of president Milošević. The 5th October Overthrow (sometimes colloquially called the Bulldozer Revolution) is a term referring to the series of events that occurred in 2000 in the Federal Republic ^[56][57]

Names through history

Name	Notes
Singidūn(on)	Named by the Celtic tribe of the Scordisci; dūn(on) means 'lodgment, enclosure, fort'; 279 BC[58]
Singidūnum	Romans conquered the city and Romanised the Celtic name
Beograd, Београд	Slavic name first mentioned in 878 as Beligrad in the letter of Pope John VIII to Boris of Bulgaria which means "White city / white fortress". Scordisci were in ancient geography a war-like tribe inhabiting the southern part of lower Pannonia, comprising parts of the present-day countries Austria, Dun (from the Brythonic Din (modern Welsh Dinas and Gaelic Dùn, meaning fort) is now used both as a generic term for a fort Singidunum was an ancient Roman city first settled by the Celtic Scordisci tribe in the 3rd century BC and later garrisoned and fortified by the Romans John VIII was Pope from December 13, 872 to December 16, 882. [59]
Alba Graeca, "Alba" may be derived from the Latin word for "white"	Latin
Dar Ul Jihad	Ottoman Turkish "House of War"
Alba Bulgarica	Latin name during the period of Bulgarian rule over the city[59]
Weißenburg and Griechisch-Weißenburg	German translation. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Modern German is Belgrad. [59]
Castelbianco	Italian translation[59]
Nandoralba	In medieval Hungary up to the 14th century[59]
Nándorfehérvár, Landorfehérvár	In medieval Hungary. Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. The Kingdom of Hungary (short form Hungary) was a considerable state in Central Europe that existed from 1001 to 1918 then from 1919 to 1946 Modern Hungarian is Belgrád. [59]
Veligrad(i)on or Velegrada/Βελέγραδα	Byzantine name. Modern Greek is Veligradi (Βελιγράδι). Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly

Government and politics

Belgrade is a separate territorial unit in Serbia, with its own autonomous city government. The Old Palace ( Serbian: Стари Двор, Stari Dvor), the Royal Palace of the Obrenović dynasty of Serbia, presently housing ^[6] The post of mayor was held by the Democratic Party member Nenad Bogdanović from 2004 and until his death on 27 September 2007. The Mayor of Belgrade is the head of the City of Belgrade (capital of Serbia) The Democratic Party (Демократска странка Demokratska stranka,) is the main Center-left Political party in Serbia. Nenad Bogdanović ( Serbian Cyrillic: Ненад Богдановић (born May 12 1954, Beška, Vojvodina, Serbia Yugoslavia The first mayor to be democratically elected after World War II was Dr. Zoran Đinđić, in 1996. Democracy is a form of government in which the supreme power is held completely by the people under a free electoral system World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Zoran Đinđić, PhD (often Zoran Djindjić, from Serbian Cyrillic: Зоран Ђинђић, /ˈzorɑn ˈdʑɪndʑɪtɕ/ (1 August Mayors were also elected democratically prior to the war.

The Civic Assembly of Belgrade has 90 councilors who are elected for four-year terms. The current majority parties are the same as in the Parliament of Serbia (Democratic Party, Democratic Party of Serbia and G17 Plus), and in similar proportions, with the Serbian Radical Party, the Socialist Party of Serbia and the Serbian Strength Movement in opposition. The unicameral Parliament of Serbia is known as the National Assembly of the Republic of Serbia ( Serbian: Народна The Democratic Party (Демократска странка Demokratska stranka,) is the main Center-left Political party in Serbia. The Democratic Party of Serbia ( Serbian: Демократска странка Србије or Demokratska stranka Srbije) is the largest Conservative G17 Plus (ofeten referred to as G17+) is a Liberal conservative Political party in Serbia. The Serbian Radical Party (Српска радикална странка or Srpska radikalna stranka, SRS is a Nationalist right-wing Political party The Socialist Party of Serbia (Социјалистичка партија Србије Socijalistička partija Srbije) is a Political party in Serbia. The Serbian Strength Movement ( Serbian: Покрет Снага Србије Pokret Snaga Srbije) is a Political party in Serbia led by ^[60]

Municipalities

See also: Subdivisions of Belgrade, List of Belgrade neighborhoods and suburbs, and List of former and proposed municipalities of Belgrade

The city is divided into 17 municipalities, ten with "urban" status, and seven with "suburban" status. The city of Belgrade is divided into 17 municipalities ten with "urban" status and seven with "suburban" status Below is a list of the neighborhoods and suburbs of Belgrade, the capital city of Serbia. This is a list of former and proposed municipalities of Belgrade. While each has its own local council, the suburban municipalities have slightly expanded municipal powers, mainly with regard to construction, town planning and public utility provision. ^[7]

Most of the municipalities are situated on the southern side of the Danube and Sava rivers, in the Šumadija region. The Danube (In Donau from earlier Danuvius, Celtic *dānu, meaning "to flow run" Slovak and Polish Dunaj The Sava ( Bosnian, Croatian, Slovene: Sava; Serbian: Сава, Sava) is a river in Šumadija (Шумадија is a geographical region in Serbia. Three municipalities (Zemun, Novi Beograd, and Surčin) are on the northern bank of the Sava, in the Syrmia region, and the municipality of Palilula, spanning the Danube, is in both the Šumadija and Banat regions. Zemun ( Serbian Cyrillic: Земун, German: Semlin Hungarian: Zimony is an urban neighborhood and one of the 17 municipalities Novi Beograd or New Belgrade ( Serbian Cyrillic: Нови Београд) is one of 17 municipalities which constitute the City of Belgrade Surčin ( Serbian Cyrillic: Сурчин) is a suburban settlement (town and one of 17 municipalities which constitute the City Palilula ( Serbian: Палилула is an urban neighborhood and one of 17 municipalities which constitute the City of Belgrade, the capital of The Banat is a geographical and historical region in Central Europe currently divided between three countries the eastern part lies in Romania (the counties

Name	Area (km²)	Population (1991)	Population (2002)	Urban/Suburban
Barajevo	213	20,846	24,641	Suburban
Čukarica	156	150,257	168,508	Urban
Grocka	289	65,735	75,466	Suburban
Lazarevac	384	57,848	58,511	Suburban
Mladenovac	339	54,517	52,490	Suburban
Novi Beograd	41	218,633	217,773	Urban
Obrenovac	411	67,654	70,975	Suburban
Palilula	451	150,208	155,902	Urban
Rakovica	31	96,300	99,000	Urban
Savski Venac	14	45,961	42,505	Urban
Sopot	271	19,977	20,390	Suburban
Stari Grad	5	68,552	55,543	Urban
Surčin	285	Part of Zemun municipality until 2004. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of Barajevo ( Serbian Cyrillic: Барајево) is a suburban settlement and one of 17 municipalities which constitute Čukarica ( Serbian Cyrillic: Чукарица is an urban neighborhood and one of the 17 municipalities than constitute the City of Belgrade Grocka ( Serbian Cyrillic: Гроцка is a suburban settlement and one of 17 municipalities which constitute the City of Belgrade, the capital Lazarevac (Лазаревац is a town and municipality located in Serbia at 44 Mladenovac ( Serbian Cyrillic: Младеновац is a Town and municipality located in Serbia at 44 Novi Beograd or New Belgrade ( Serbian Cyrillic: Нови Београд) is one of 17 municipalities which constitute the City of Belgrade Obrenovac (Обреновац is a town and municipality located in Serbia at 44 Palilula ( Serbian: Палилула is an urban neighborhood and one of 17 municipalities which constitute the City of Belgrade, the capital of Rakovica ( Serbian Cyrillic: Раковица) is an urban neighborhood and one of 17 municipalities which Savski Venac ( Serbian Cyrillic: Савски Венац) is one of 17 municipalities which constitute the Sopot (Сопот is a town and municipality in Serbia. It is part of the wider region of Belgrade, located south of Belgrade at, 177 Stari Grad ( Serbian Cyrillic: Стари Град) is an urban neighborhood and one of 17 municipalities which constitute the City Surčin ( Serbian Cyrillic: Сурчин) is a suburban settlement (town and one of 17 municipalities which constitute the City	55,000 (est. )	Suburban
Voždovac	148	156,373	151,768	Urban
Vračar	3	67,438	58,386	Urban
Zemun	154	176,158	136,645	Urban
Zvezdara	32	135,694	132,621	Urban
TOTAL	3227	1,552,151	1,576,124
Source: Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia[8]

Demographics

Main article: Demographics of Belgrade

See also: Historical population of Belgrade

Belgrade has a population of 1,576,124 as recorded in the 2002 census. Voždovac ( Serbian Cyrillic: Вождовац is an urban neighborhood and one of 17 municipalities which constitute the City of Belgrade, the capital Vračar ( Serbian Cyrillic: Врачар) is an urban neighborhood and one of 17 municipalities which constitute the City of Belgrade Zemun ( Serbian Cyrillic: Земун, German: Semlin Hungarian: Zimony is an urban neighborhood and one of the 17 municipalities Zvezdara (Звездара is a hill forest urban neighborhood and one of 17 municipalities which constitute City of Belgrade, the capital of Serbia Ancient times Belgrade, formerly known as Celtic Singidunum, was founded in 3rd century B The Temple of Saint Sava ( Serbian: Храм светог Саве or Hram svetog Save) is the largest Orthodox church in the world situated in Belgrade National Library of Serbia ( Serbian: Народна библиотека Србије/Narodna biblioteka Srbije) is situated in the city of Belgrade ( The main ethnic groups are Serbs (1,417,187), Yugoslavs (22,161), Montenegrins (21,190), Roma (19,191), Croats (10,381), Macedonians (8,372), and Muslims by nationality (4,617). Serbs ( Serbian: Срби Srbi) are a South Slavic people living in the Balkans and Central Europe, mainly in Serbia, Yugoslavs ( Bosnian: Jugosloveni/Jugoslaveni; Macedonian and Serbian: Југословени Jugosloveni; Croatian Montenegrins ( Serbian: Црногорци/ Crnogorci) are a South Slavic people closely akin to the Serbs, associated to Montenegro The Romani people (singular Rom, plural Roma as a Noun; also known as Romanies or Roma people) are an ethnic group with origins Croats (Hrvati are a South Slavic people mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries The Macedonians (Македонци transliterated Makedonci) also referred to as Macedonian Slavs --> --> are a South Slavic people Muslims by nationality ( Muslimani, Муслимани was a term used in Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia as an official designation of nationality of ^[61] Recent polls (2007) show that Belgrade's population has increased by 400,000 in just five years since the last official Census was undertaken. ^[62] As of December 15th 2007, the city's Institute for Informatics and Statistics has registered 1,531,741 eligible voters, which confirms that Belgrade's population has risen dramatically since the 2002 Census, as the number of the registered voters has almost surpassed the entire population of the city six years before. ^[63] According to the NGO Differentia, Belgrade has reached 2 million citizens as of 2007. ^[64] The official Census has yet to confirm these figures.

Belgrade is home to many ethnicities from all over the former Yugoslavia, largely because it was the capital. ^[2] Many people came seeking a better life, or fled as refugees from war and ethnic cleansing. ^[65] Between 10,000 and 20,000 [1] Chinese are estimated to live in Belgrade; they began immigrating in the mid-1990s. Han Chinese ( are an Ethnic group native to China and by most modern definitions the largest single Ethnic group in the world. The 1990s collectively refers to the years between and including 1990 and 1999 Blok 70 in New Belgrade is known locally as the Chinese quarter. Novi Beograd or New Belgrade ( Serbian Cyrillic: Нови Београд) is one of 17 municipalities which constitute the City of Belgrade ^[66][67] Many Middle Easterners, mainly from Syria, Iran, Jordan and Iraq, arrived in order to pursue their studies during the 1970s and 1980s, and have remained and started families in the city. The Middle East is a Subcontinent with no clear boundaries often used as a synonym to Near East, in opposition to Far East. Syria ( سوريّة or) officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic ar الجمهورية العربية السورية For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. Jordan, officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (الأردنّ al-Urdunn) is an Arab country in Southwest Asia spanning the southern For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. ^[68][69] Afghani and Iraqi Kurdish refugees are among some of the recent arrivals from the Middle East. ^[70]

Although there are several historic religious communities in Belgrade, the religious makeup of the city is relatively homogenous. The Serbian Orthodox community is by far the largest, with 1,429,170 adherents. The Serbian Orthodox Church ( Serbian: Српска Православна Црква / Srpska Pravoslavna Crkva; СПЦ / SPC) or the There are also 20,366 Muslims, 16,305 Roman Catholics, and 3,796 Protestants. For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. There used to be a significant Jewish community, but following the Nazi occupation, and many Jews' subsequent emigration to Israel, their numbers have fallen to a mere 515. Judaism (from the Greek Ioudaïsmos, derived from the Hebrew יהודה Yehudah, " Judah " in Hebrew יַהֲדוּת Yahedut Jews first arrived in what is now the Republic of Serbia in Roman times One of the first Serbian states Raška, was founded in the first half of the 7th century on Byzantine territory by the Unknown For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. ^[2]

Economy

Main article: Economy of Belgrade

Belgrade is the most economically developed part of Serbia, and is home to the country's National Bank. This article is about the economy of Belgrade, capital of Serbia. National Bank of Serbia (Народна банка Србије or Narodna banka Srbije) is the Central bank of the Republic of Serbia and as such its main Slavija ( Serbian Cyrillic: Славија) is one of the central Town squares and an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the Serbia has an economy based mostly on various services, Industry and Agriculture. National Bank of Serbia (Народна банка Србије or Narodna banka Srbije) is the Central bank of the Republic of Serbia and as such its main Many notable companies are based in Belgrade, including Jat Airways, Telekom Srbija, Telenor Serbia, Delta Holding, regional centers for Société Générale, Intel,^[71] Motorola, Kraft Foods [2] , Carlsberg [3] , Microsoft, Zepter, Japan Tobacco and many others. Jat Airways is the national Airline of Serbia and the former national carrier of Yugoslavia, based in Belgrade. Telekom Srbija (full legal name Preduzeće za telekomunikacije Telekom Srbija a Telenor Serbia (legal name Telenor doo subsidiary of Norwegian company Telenor, is the second largest Serbian Mobile network Delta Holding is the fourth largest company in Serbia. The company was founded in Belgrade. Société Générale ( is one of the main European financial services companies and also maintains extensive activities in others parts of the world Motorola Inc ( is an American, multinational Fortune 100, Telecommunications company based in Schaumburg Illinois. Kraft Foods Inc ( is the second-largest Food and Beverage company headquartered in North America (behind PepsiCo) and the third The Carlsberg Group (ˈkɑrlzbɚɡ is a large Brewing company founded in 1847 by J Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational Computer technology Corporation, which rose to dominate the Home computer JT for short is a Cigarette manufacturing company It is part of the Nikkei 225 index ^[72][73]

The unsmooth transition from the former Yugoslavia to the Federal Republic during the early 1990s left Belgrade, like the rest of the country, severely affected by an internationally imposed trade embargo. The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene, Macedonian: The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Савезна Република Југославија / Savezna Republika Jugoslavija) or FRY was a federal state The hyperinflation of the Yugoslav dinar, the highest inflation ever recorded in the world,^[74][75] decimated the city's economy. Certain figures in this article use Scientific notation for readability The dinar ( Cyrillic script: динар was the Currency of the three Yugoslav states the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (formerly the Kingdom Yugoslavia overcame the problems of inflation in the mid 1990s, and Belgrade has been growing strongly ever since. Today, over 30% of Serbia's GDP is generated by the city, which also has over 30% of Serbia's employed population. ^[76] The average monthly income per capita is 47. 500 RSD (€572, $903). This equates to a GDP per capita of €6,864 and $10,836. Purchasing power parity (PPP) is $18,204. According to the Eurostat methodology, 45. The Statistical Office of the European Communities ( Eurostat) is the Statistical arm of the European Commission, producing data for the European Union 4% of the city's households own a computer (surpassing all of the regional capitals). ^[77] According to the same survey, 39. 1% of Belgrade's households have an internet connection; these figures are above those of the regional capitals such as Sofia, Bucharest and Athens. Sofia (София ˈsɔfija is the Capital and largest city of the Republic of Bulgaria, with a population of 1395568 in the Capital Municipality Bucharest ( Romanian: Bucureşti) is the Capital city, industrial and commercial centre of Romania. Athens (ˈæθənz Αθήνα Athina,) the Capital and largest city of Greece, dominates the Attica periphery as one of the world's

Culture

Main article: Culture of Belgrade

Belgrade hosts many annual cultural events, including FEST (Belgrade Film Festival), BITEF (Belgrade Theatre Festival), BELEF (Belgrade Summer Festival), BEMUS (Belgrade Music Festival), Belgrade Book Fair, and the Belgrade Beer Festival. This article is about the culture of Belgrade, Serbia.Belgrade hosts many annual cultural events including FEST (Belgrade Film Festival BITEF The Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts ( Serbian: Српска академија наука и уметности / Srpska Akademija Nauka i Umetnosti; САНУ FEST is annual Film festival held in Belgrade, Serbia since 1971 BITEF, Belgrade International Theatre Festival, is one of the theatre festival that takes place in Belgrade Serbia each year The Belgrade Book Fair is an annual Trade fair held in Belgrade, Serbia. ^[78] The Nobel prize winning author Ivo Andrić wrote his most famous work, The Bridge on the Drina, in Belgrade. The Nobel Prize in Literature (Nobelpriset i litteratur is awarded annually since 1901 to an author from any country who has in the words from the will of Alfred Ivo Andrić ( Serbian Cyrillic: Иво Андрић October 9, 1892 &ndash March 13, 1975) was a novelist Short story The Bridge on Drina (На Дрини ћуприја or sh ''Na Drini ćuprija'' is a novel written by Ivo Andrić, writer from Yugoslavia, who was awarded ^[79] Other prominent Belgrade authors include Branislav Nušić, Miloš Crnjanski, Borislav Pekić, Milorad Pavić and Meša Selimović. Branislav Nušić (Бранислав Нушић ( October 8, 1864 &mdash January 19, 1938) was a Serbian novelist playwright satirist essayist Miloš Crnjanski (in Serbian Cyrillic: Милош Црњански (1893-1977 was a leading poet of the expressionist wing of Serbian modernism author Borislav Pekić ( Serbian Cyrillic: Борислав Пекић) (Born in Podgorica, Kingdom of Yugoslavia, February 4 Milorad Pavić (Милорад Павић (born October 15, 1929 in Belgrade) is a noted Serbian Poet, Prose writer Mehmedalija "Meša" Selimović ( Serbian Cyrillic: Мехмедалија "Меша" Селимовић ( 26 April 1910 - 11 July ^[80][81][82] Most of Serbia's film industry is based in Belgrade; the 1995 Palme d'Or winning Underground, directed by Emir Kusturica, was produced in the city. Serbia (both as an independent country and as part a part of former Yugoslavia has been home to many internationally acclaimed films and directors The Palme d'Or ( English: Golden Palm) is the highest prize awarded to competing films at the Cannes Film Festival. Underground ( Serbian: Подземље Podzemlje) is a 1995 award-winning Film directed by Emir Kusturica with a Screenplay Emir Nemanja Kusturica, OF ( Serbian Cyrillic: Емир Кустурица ˈku

The city was one of the main centres of the Yugoslav New Wave in the 1980s: VIS Idoli, Ekatarina Velika and Šarlo Akrobata were all from Belgrade. Idoli ( Serbian Cyrillic: Идоли trans The Idols were a new wave band from Belgrade, SR Serbia. Ekatarina Velika ( English: Catherine the Great; also called EKV for short was a rock group from Belgrade, Serbia and Šarlo Akrobata ( Serbian version of Charlie Chaplin 's name were a seminal Yugoslav rock band often categorized as late punk or new wave, with Other notable Belgrade rock acts include Riblja Čorba, Bajaga i Instruktori and others. Riblja Čorba ( Serbian Cyrillic: Рибља Чорба translation Fish Stew, although the name of a 1989 compilation album titled in English is Bajaga i Instruktori ( Serbian Cyrillic: Бајага и Инструктори trans ^[83] The city was the main centre former Yugoslavia of a musical style known as turbofolk, one of whose most famous stars is Ceca Ražnatović. Turbo-folk is a popular musical sub-genre that originated in Serbia, Balkans during early 1990s Today, it is the centre of the Serbian hip hop scene, with acts such as Beogradski Sindikat, Škabo, Marčelo, and most of the Bassivity Music stable hailing from or living in the city. Serbian hip hop refers to all genres of Hip hop music in the Serbian language, mostly from Serbia, Republika Srpska ( BiH) and Beogradski sindikat ( Serbian Cyrillic: Београдски Синдикат English: Belgrade Syndicate) is a popular eleven-member hip-hop Škabo ( Serbian Cyrillic: Шкабо born Boško Ćirković Бошко Ћирковић (born December 4, 1976) is a Rapper, beatmaker and Marčelo ( Serbian: Марчело born Marko Šelić (Марко Шелић on January 22, 1983 in Paraćin, Serbia, Bassivity Music (full legal name Bassivity preduzeće za muzičku produkciju d ^[84][85] There are numerous theatres, the most prominent of which are National Theatre, Theatre on Terazije, Yugoslav Drama Theatre, Zvezdara Theatre, and Atelier 212. The National Theatre ( Serbian: Народно позориште у Београду / Narodno Pozorište u Beogradu) was founded in the latter half Theatre on Terazije ( Serbian: Позориште на Теразијама / Pozorište na Terazijama is a Broadway -style theatre in the Terazije Yugoslav drama theatre ( Jugoslovensko dramsko pozorište) is a theatre in Belgrade, Serbia. The Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts is also based in Belgrade, as well as the National Library of Serbia. The Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts ( Serbian: Српска академија наука и уметности / Srpska Akademija Nauka i Umetnosti; САНУ National Library of Serbia ( Serbian: Народна библиотека Србије/Narodna biblioteka Srbije) is situated in the city of Belgrade ( Belgrade's two opera houses are: National Theatre and Madlenijanum Opera House. The National Theatre ( Serbian: Народно позориште у Београду / Narodno Pozorište u Beogradu) was founded in the latter half Zemun ( Serbian Cyrillic: Земун, German: Semlin Hungarian: Zimony is an urban neighborhood and one of the 17 municipalities

There are many foreign cultural institutions in Belgrade, including Instituto Cervantes, Goethe-Institut and the Centre Culturel Français, which are all located on Prince Michael Street. The Cervantes Institute is a worldwide non-profit organization created by the Spanish government in 1991 The Goethe-Institut ( Goethe Institute in English is a German cultural institution operational worldwide promoting the study of the German language Other cultural centres in Belgrade are American Corner, the Austrian Cultural Forum (Österreichischen Kulturforums), the British Council, and Russian Center for Science and Culture (Российский центр науки и культуры), the Confucius Institute, the Canadian Cultural Center, the Italian Cultural Institute (Istituto Italiano di Cultura), and the Culture Center of Islamic Republic of Iran. The British Council is a Public Body of the United Kingdom Government which specialises in educational and development opportunities Confucius Institute ( is a non-profit public institute which aims at promoting Chinese language and culture and supporting local Chinese teaching internationally

Following the victory of Serbia's representative Marija Šerifović at the Eurovision Song Contest 2007, Belgrade hosted the Eurovision Song Contest 2008. Marija Šerifović ( Serbian Cyrillic: Марија Шерифовић born November 14, 1984) is a Serbian singer and the winner of the ^[86]

Museums

See also: List of museums in Belgrade

The most prominent museum in Belgrade is the National Museum, founded in 1844; it houses a collection of more than 400,000 exhibits,(over 5600 paintings and 8400 drawings and prints) including many foreign masterpieces and the famous Miroslavljevo Jevanđelje (Miroslav's Gospel). Museums In Belgrade, Serbia Art museums National Museum of Serbia (Trg republike 1a * Museum of African Art Miroslav Gospels ( Serbian Мирослављево Јевађеље or Miroslavljevo Jevanđelje) is a 362-page Illuminated manuscript Gospel Book United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16 UNESCO 's Memory of the World Programme is an international initiative launched in 1992 in order to guard against collective amnesia calling upon the preservation of the The National Museum ( Serbian: Народни музеј /Narodni Muzej in Belgrade, Serbia was founded in 1844 Miroslav Gospels ( Serbian Мирослављево Јевађеље or Miroslavljevo Jevanđelje) is a 362-page Illuminated manuscript Gospel Book ^[87] The Military Museum houses a wide range of more than 25,000 military exhibits dating as far back as to the Roman period, as well as parts of a F-117 stealth aircraft shot down by Yugoslav forces. The Military Museum in Belgrade was founded in 1878. The museum has over 3000 ancient and modern items The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial ^[88][89] The Museum of Aviation in Belgrade has more than 200 aircraft, of which about 50 are on display, and a few of which are the only surviving examples of their type, such as the Fiat G.50. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout This museum also displays parts of shot down US and NATO aircraft. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The North Atlantic Treaty ^[90] The Ethnographic Museum, established in 1901, contains more than 150,000 items showcasing the rural and urban culture of the Balkans, particularly the countries of the former Yugoslavia. The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene, Macedonian: ^[91] The Museum of Contemporary Art has a collection of around 8,540 works of art produced in Yugoslavia since 1900. Museum of Contemporary Art ( Serbian: Музеј савремене уметности/Muzej savremene umetnosti) in Belgrade is the art institution which See also Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian ^[92] The Nikola Tesla Museum, founded in 1952, preserves the personal items of Nikola Tesla, the inventor after whom the Tesla unit was named. The Nikola Tesla Museum ( Serbian: Музеј Николе Тесле / Muzej Nikole Tesle) is located in the central area of Belgrade and There have already been discussions about Tesla's ethnicity on the talk page The tesla (symbol T) is the SI derived unit of Magnetic field B (which is also known as "magnetic flux density" and "magnetic It holds around 160,000 original documents and around 5,700 other items. ^[93] The last of the major Belgrade museums is the Museum of Vuk and Dositej, which showcases the lives, work and legacy of Vuk Stefanović Karadžić and Dositej Obradović, the 19th century reformer of the Serbian literary language and the first Serbian Minister of Education, respectively. Vuk Stefanović Karadžić ( Serbian Cyrillic: Вук Стефановић Караџић ( November 7, 1787 - February 7, 1864 Dositej (Dositheus Dimitrije Obradović (Доситеј Обрадовић February 17 1742 - 1811 was a Serbian Author, Philosopher ^[94] One of the more unusual museums in Belgrade is the Museum of African Art, founded in the days of socialist solidarity with the undeveloped nations of the Third World. The Museum of African Art ( Serbian: Музеј Афричке Уметности / Muzej Afričke Umetnosti) is a Museum located in Third World is a name given to nations that are generally considered to be underdeveloped economically ^[95]

With around 95,000 copies of national and international films, the Yugoslav Film Archive is the largest in the region and amongst the 10 largest archives in the world. ^[96] The institution also operates the Museum of Yugoslav Film Archive, with movie theatre and exhibition hall. The archive's long-standing storage problems were finally solved in 2007, when a new modern depository was opened. ^[97]

Museum of the City of Belgrade will move in new building in Nemanjina Street in downtown. The Museum of the City of Belgrade was founded in 1903 The most important item in the collections is the Belgrade Gospel, printed in 1542 and the first book printed in Belgrade IM000487 resizeJPG|thumb|200 px|The new headquarters of the National bank of Serbia in Nemanjina Street]] Nemanjina Street ( Serbian cyrillic: Немањина Museum has interesting exhibits such Belgrade Gospel (1503) , full plate armour from Battle of Kosovo and various paintings and graphics. Plate armour is personal Armour made from large Metal plates worn on the Chest and sometimes the entire Body. This page is about the Battle of Kosovo of 1389; for other battles see Battle of Kosovo (disambiguation. A new Museum of Science and Technology will begin construction in late 2008.

Architecture

See also: List of notable buildings in Belgrade, List of notable streets and squares in Belgrade, Architectural projects under construction in Belgrade, Religious architecture in Belgrade, and Gates of Belgrade

Belgrade has wildly varying architecture, from the centre of Zemun, typical of a Central European town,^[98] to the more modern architecture and spacious layout of New Belgrade. The unicameral Parliament of Serbia is known as the National Assembly of the Republic of Serbia ( Serbian: Народна Pošta Srbije (Пошта Србије is the national postal service of the Republic of Serbia with its base in the capital Belgrade. Beograđanka ( Serbian Cyrillic: Београђанка) officially Belgrade Palace ( Serbian: Палата Београд, Palata This is a list of notable buildings in Belgrade, Serbia. Aleksandar Palas Hotel Avala TV Tower - once the highest This is a list of notable streets and squares in Belgrade, Serbia. There are many architectural projects under construction in Belgrade, Serbia. Belgrade, Serbia has an abundance of religious architecture. The city has numerous Serbian Orthodox churches This article describes 23 gates of Belgrade. Roman gates Remains of Southeastern gate of the Singidunum 's The term architecture (from Greek αρχιτεκτονικήarchitektoniki) can be used to mean a process a profession or documentation Zemun ( Serbian Cyrillic: Земун, German: Semlin Hungarian: Zimony is an urban neighborhood and one of the 17 municipalities Central Europe is the Region lying between the variously and vaguely defined areas of Eastern and Novi Beograd or New Belgrade ( Serbian Cyrillic: Нови Београд) is one of 17 municipalities which constitute the City of Belgrade In Belgrade proper, the oldest buildings date only from 19th century, due to its geographic position and frequent wars and destructions. ^[99] The oldest public structure in Belgrade is a nondescript Turkish turbe, while the oldest house is a modest clay house on Dorćol, from late 18th century. Türbe is the Turkish word for " Tomb " and for the characteristic Mausoleums often relatively small of Ottoman royalty Dorćol ( Serbian Cyrillic: Дорћол) is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. ^[100] Western influence began in the 19th century, when the city completely transformed from an oriental town to the contemporary architecture of the time, with influences from neoclassicism, romanticism and academic art. Neoclassicism (sometimes rendered as Neo-Classicism or Neo-classicism) is the name given to quite distinct movements in the decorative and Romanticism is a complex artistic literary and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Western Europe, and gained strength during the Academic art is a style of Painting and Sculpture produced under the influence of European academies or universities Serbian architects took over the development from the foreign builders in the late 19th century, producing the National Theatre, Old Palace, Cathedral Church and later, in the early 20th century, the National Assembly and National Museum, influenced by art nouveau. The National Theatre ( Serbian: Народно позориште у Београду / Narodno Pozorište u Beogradu) was founded in the latter half The Old Palace ( Serbian: Стари Двор, Stari Dvor), the Royal Palace of the Obrenović dynasty of Serbia, presently housing The Saborna Crkva Sv Arhangela Mihaila ( Serbian Cyrillic: Саборна Црква Св The unicameral Parliament of Serbia is known as the National Assembly of the Republic of Serbia ( Serbian: Народна The National Museum ( Serbian: Народни музеј /Narodni Muzej in Belgrade, Serbia was founded in 1844 Art Nouveau ( nu vo anglicised /ˈɑːt nuːvəu/ ( French for 'new art' also known as Jugendstil ( German for 'youth style' is an international ^[99] Elements of Neo-Byzantine architecture are present in buildings such as Vuk's Foundation, old Post Office in Kosovska street, and sacral architecture, such as St. Mark's Church (based on the Gračanica monastery), and the Temple of Saint Sava. Neo-Byzantine architecture is an architectural revival style, most frequently seen in religious institutional and public Buildings It emerged in 1840s in Western St Mark's Church ( Serbian: Црква Светог Марка / Crkva Svetog Marka) is a Serb Orthodox Place of worship in Belgrade Gračanica ( Serbian: Манастир Грачаница or Manastir Gračanica, Albanian: Manastiri i Graçanicës) is a Serbian Orthodox The Temple of Saint Sava ( Serbian: Храм светог Саве or Hram svetog Save) is the largest Orthodox church in the world situated in Belgrade ^[99]

During the period of Communist rule, much housing was built quickly and cheaply to house the huge influx of people from the countryside following World War II, sometimes resulting in the brutalist architecture of the blokovi (blocks) of New Belgrade; a socrealism trend briefly ruled, resulting in buildings like the Trade Union Hall. The term Brutalist Architecture originates from the French Béton brut, or "raw concrete" a term used by Le Corbusier to describe Blokovi ( Serbian Cyrillic: Блокови English: Blocks) is the semi-formal plural name for a group of urban neighborhoods Socialist realism is a teleologically -oriented style of realistic art which has as its purpose the furtherance of the goals of Socialism and Communism ^[99] However, in the mid-1950s, the modernist trends took over, and still dominate the Belgrade architecture. Modernism describes an array of Cultural movements rooted in the changes in Western society in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century ^[99]

Tourism

The historic areas and buildings of Belgrade are among the city's premier attractions. Kalemegdan ( Serbian Cyrillic: Калемегдан) is a Park in an urban area neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital They include Skadarlija, the National Museum and adjacent National Theatre, Zemun, Nikola Pašić Square, Terazije, Students' Square, the Kalemegdan Fortress, Knez Mihailova Street, the Parliament, the Temple of Saint Sava, and the Old Palace. Skadarlija ( Serbian Cyrillic: Скадарлија) is a Vintage street an urban neighborhood and former municipality of Belgrade The National Museum ( Serbian: Народни музеј /Narodni Muzej in Belgrade, Serbia was founded in 1844 The National Theatre ( Serbian: Народно позориште у Београду / Narodno Pozorište u Beogradu) was founded in the latter half Zemun ( Serbian Cyrillic: Земун, German: Semlin Hungarian: Zimony is an urban neighborhood and one of the 17 municipalities Trg Nikole Pašića or Nikola Pašić Square ( Serbian Cyrillic: Трг Николе Пашића) is one of the central Town squares Terazije ( Serbian Cyrillic: Теразије) is the central square and an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Serbia Studentski Trg or Students Square ( Serbian Cyrillic: Студентски Трг) is one of the central Town squares and an urban Kalemegdan ( Serbian Cyrillic: Калемегдан) is a Park in an urban area neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital The unicameral Parliament of Serbia is known as the National Assembly of the Republic of Serbia ( Serbian: Народна The Temple of Saint Sava ( Serbian: Храм светог Саве or Hram svetog Save) is the largest Orthodox church in the world situated in Belgrade The Old Palace ( Serbian: Стари Двор, Stari Dvor), the Royal Palace of the Obrenović dynasty of Serbia, presently housing On top of this, there are many parks, monuments, museums, cafés, restaurants and shops on both sides of the river. The hilltop Avala Monument offers views over the city. The Monument to the Unknown Hero ( Serbian: Споменик Незнаном јунаку на Авали) is located atop Mt Josip Broz Tito's mausoleum, called Kuća Cveća (The House of Flowers), and the nearby Topčider and Košutnjak parks are also popular, especially among visitors from the former Yugoslavia. House of Flowers ( Serbian Cyrillic: Кућа цвећа / Кућа цвијећа; Macedonian: Куќа на цвеќето; Croatian Topčider ( Serbian Cyrillic: Топчидер is a Forest park and an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. Košutnjak ( Serbian Cyrillic: Кошутњак is a Park - Forest and urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene, Macedonian:

There is also Beli Dvor or 'White Palace',house of Royal family Karadjordjevic ,open for visitors. Beli dvor ( Serbian Cyrillic: Бели двор English: White Court or White Palace) is a mansion located in Belgrade, Serbia The House of Karađorđević (Карађорђевићи Serbian Latin Karađorđevići House of Karageorgevich was a Serbian ruling Dynasty descended from The palace has many valuable works from Rembrandt, Nicolas Poussin, Sebastien Bourdon, Paolo Veronese, Antonio Canaletto, Biagio d'Antonio, Giuseppe Crespi, Franz Xaver Winterhalter, Ivan Mestrovic, and others. Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn (July 15 1606 &ndash October 4 1669 was a Dutch painter and etcher. Nicolas Poussin (15 June 1594 – 19 November 1665 was a French painter in the classical style Sébastien Bourdon ( Montpellier, 2 February 1616 - Paris 8 May[[ 671]] was a French painter and engraver the son of a Paolo Veronese (1528 – April 19 1588 was an Italian painter of the Renaissance in Venice, famous for paintings such as The Wedding at Cana This is about the first and better known artist "Canaletto" for his nephew and pupil sometimes also called "Canaletto" especially in Poland and Germany see Biagio d’Antonio, also Biagio Tucci ( Florence, 1446– 1 June 1516) was an Italian Renaissance painter whose style was influenced Giuseppe Maria Crespi ( March 14 1665 &ndash July 16 1747) nicknamed Lo Spagnuolo ("the Spanish One" was an Italian Franz Xaver Winterhalter (20 April 1805 &ndash 8 July 1873 was a German painter and lithographer, known for his portraits of royalty in the mid-nineteenth century Ivan Meštrović ( August 15, 1883 &ndash January 16, 1962) was a Croatian sculptor. 'White Palace' is open for visitors.

Ada Ciganlija is a former island on the Sava river, and Belgrade's biggest sports and recreational complex. Ada Ciganlija or colloquially just Ada ( Serbian Cyrillic Ада Циганлија, 'ada t͡siga'nlija is a river island, artificially The Sava ( Bosnian, Croatian, Slovene: Sava; Serbian: Сава, Sava) is a river in Today it is connected with the shore, creating an artificial lake on the river. It is the most popular destination for Belgraders during the city's hot summers. There are 7 kilometres of long beaches and sports facilities for various sports including golf, football, basketball, volleyball, rugby union, baseball, and tennis. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Basketball is a team Sport in which two teams of five active players each try to score points against one another by propelling a ball through a 10 feet (3 m Volleyball is an Olympic team sport in which two teams of 6 active players (5 normal players and one 'libero' are separated by a net that is usually four feet Overview See also Playing rugby union A rugby union match lasts for 80 minutes (plus stoppage time with a short Baseball is a Bat-and-ball Sport played between two teams of nine players each Tennis is a sport played between two players ( singles) or between two teams of two players each ( doubles) ^[101] During summer there are between 200,000 and 300,000 bathers daily. Clubs work 24 hours a day, organising live music and overnight beach parties. Extreme sports are available, such as bungee jumping, water skiing and paintballing. Bungee jumping is an activity that involves jumping from a tall structure while connected to a large elastic cord Water skiing is a Sport where an individual (or more than one individual is pulled behind a Motor boat or a cable ski installation on a body of water wearing Paintball is a sport in which players eliminate opponents from play by hitting them with dye-filled breakable oil and gelatin paintballs usually shot from a carbon dioxide or compressed-gas ^[102] There are numerous tracks on the island, where it is possible to ride a bike, go for a walk or go jogging. ^[103][104] Apart from Ada, Belgrade has total of 16 islands^[105] on the rivers, many still unused. Among them, the Great War Island at the confluence of Sava, stands out as an oasis of unshattered wildlife (especially birds). Great War Island or Veliko ratno ostrvo ( Serbian Cyrillic: Велико ратно острво) is a river island ( ada) in ^[106] These areas, along with nearby Small War Island, are protected by the city's government as a nature preserve. Great War Island or Veliko ratno ostrvo ( Serbian Cyrillic: Велико ратно острво) is a river island ( ada) in nature reserve ( natural reserve, nature preserve, natural preserve) is a Protected area of importance for Wildlife, flora ^[107]

Nightlife

Belgrade has a reputation for offering a vibrant nightlife, and many clubs that are open until dawn can be found throughout the city. The most recognizable nightlife features of Belgrade are the barges (splavovi) spread along the banks of the Sava and Danube Rivers. ^{[108][109][110]}

Many weekend visitors—particularly from Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia and Slovenia—prefer Belgrade nightlife to that of their own capitals, due to a perceived friendly atmosphere, great clubs and bars, cheap drinks, the lack of language difficulties, and the lack of restrictive night life regulation. Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Latin script: Bosna i Hercegovina, Cyrillic script: Босна и Херцеговина is a country on the Balkan Croatia (Hrvatska ˈxȓvatska officially the Republic of Croatia ( Republika Hrvatska) is a southern Central European country at the crossroads between Slovenia, officially the Republic of Slovenia (Republika Slovenija) is a Country in southern Central Europe bordering Italy to the west ^[111][112]

Famous alternative clubs include Akademija and the famed KST (Klub studenata tehnike) located in the basement of the University of Belgrade's Faculty of Electrical Engineering. Skadarlija ( Serbian Cyrillic: Скадарлија) is a Vintage street an urban neighborhood and former municipality of Belgrade The term bohemian, of French origin was first used in the English language in the nineteenth century to describe the untraditional lifestyles of marginalized and impoverished Artists The University of Belgrade ( Serbian: sr Универзитет у Београду is the oldest and most important institution of higher Education in all of ^{[113][114][115]} One of the most famous sites for alternative cultural happenings in the city is the SKC (Student Cultural Centre), located right across from Belgrade's highrise landmark, the Beograđanka. Beograđanka ( Serbian Cyrillic: Београђанка) officially Belgrade Palace ( Serbian: Палата Београд, Palata Concerts featuring famous local and foreign bands are often held at the centre. SKC is also the site of various art exhibitions, as well as public debates and discussions. ^[116]

A more traditional Serbian nightlife experience, accompanied by traditional music known as Starogradska (roughly translated as Old Town Music), typical of northern Serbia's urban environments, is most prominent in Skadarlija, the city's old bohemian neighbourhood where the poets and artists of Belgrade gathered in the nineteenth century and early twentieth century. Skadarlija ( Serbian Cyrillic: Скадарлија) is a Vintage street an urban neighborhood and former municipality of Belgrade The term bohemian, of French origin was first used in the English language in the nineteenth century to describe the untraditional lifestyles of marginalized and impoverished Artists Skadar Street (the centre of Skadarlija) and the surrounding neighbourhood are lined with some of Belgrade's best and oldest traditional restaurants (called kafanas in Serbian), which date back to that period. Kafana (also Kahvana or Kavana; plural Kafane, Cyrillic: Kафана Kафане is a term for Bistro ^[117] At one end of the neighborhood stands Belgrade's oldest beer brewery, founded in the first half of the nineteenth century. ^[118] One of the city's oldest kafanas is the Znak pitanja. ? is Belgrade 's oldest traditional restaurant or tavern ( Kafana) ^[119]

Sport

See also: List of sporting events in Belgrade

There are around a thousand sports facilities in Belgrade, many of which are capable of serving all levels of sporting events. Belgrade, the capital of Serbia, has been host to many important sport events in its history Belgrade Arena ( Serbian: Београдска арена / Beogradska arena) is one of the largest European multi functional indoor sport Arenas ^[120] Belgrade has hosted several relatively major sporting events recently, including Eurobasket 2005, the 2005 European Volleyball Championship, the 2006 European Water Polo Championship, and the European Youth Olympic Festival 2007. The EuroBasket 2005 (common short name for the 34th edition of FIBA 's European Basketball Championship) was held in Serbia and Montenegro (now Serbia The 24th Men's European Volleyball Championship was the first continental Volleyball competition hosted by two nations &ndash Serbia and Montenegro and Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The European Water Polo Championship is a sport competition for national Water polo teams currently held biannually and organized by the Ligue Européenne de European Youth Olympic Festival, known by its initials EYOF, is a biennial Multi-sport event for youth athletes from the 48 member countries of the association of Belgrade will be the host city of the 2009 Summer Universiade chosen over the cities of Monterrey and Poznań. The Universiade is an International Multi-sport event, organized for University athletes by the International University Sports Federation (FISU This article is about the Mexican city for other uses see Monterrey (disambiguation. Poznań Lublin Voivodeship This article is about the city in Poland ^[121]

The city launched two unsuccessful candidate bids to organize the Summer Olympic Games: for the 1992 Summer Olympics Belgrade was eliminated in the third round of International Olympic Committee voting, with the games going to Barcelona. The Summer Olympic Games or the Games of the Olympiad are an International Multi-sport event, usually quadrennial organised by the International The 1992 Summer Olympic Games, officially known as the Games of the XXV Olympiad, were an International Multi-sport event held in Barcelona, Barcelona ( Catalan bəɾsəˈlonə Spanish baɾθeˈlona is the capital and most populous city of the Autonomous Community of Catalonia The 1996 Summer Olympics ultimately went to Atlanta. The 1996 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXVI Olympiad and unofficially known as the Centennial Olympics, were an International ^[122][123]

The city is home to Serbia's two biggest and most successful football clubs, Red Star Belgrade and FK Partizan, as well as a few other first league clubs. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Fudbalski klub Partizan ( Serbian Cyrillic: Фудбалски клуб Партизан English: Football Club Partizan) is a professional football The two major stadiums in Belgrade are the Marakana (Red Star Stadium) and the Partizan Stadium. The Red Star Stadium (Стадион Црвена Звезда/ Stadion Crvena Zvezda) colloquially known as Marakana after the famous Brazilian stadium Partizan Stadium ( Serbian: Стадион Партизана / Stadion Partizana) is the football and track-and-field stadium in Belgrade owned ^[124] Belgrade Arena is used for basketball matches,in May 2008 Belgrade Arena been the venue of Eurovision Song Contest 2008. Belgrade Arena ( Serbian: Београдска арена / Beogradska arena) is one of the largest European multi functional indoor sport Arenas International holidays May 1 - Labour Day ( Pakistan) May 1 - Labour Day ( Singapore) Along with Pionir Hall for KK Partizan and KK Crvena zvezda. Pionir Hall ( Serbian, Хала Пионир / Hala Pionir) is a sports arena in Belgrade, Serbia, located in the Belgrade's municipality of Košarkaški klub Partizan ( Serbian Cyrillic: Кошаркашки клуб Партизан English: Basketball Club Partizan) is a professional Košarkaški klub Crvena zvezda ( Serbian Cyrillic: Кошаркашки клуб Црвена звезда; English: Basketball Club Red Star ^[125][126] while the Tašmajdan Sports Centre is used for water polo matches. Tašmajdan Sports and Recreation Center is a Swimming venue situated in the city of Belgrade, Serbia, which was founded by the Assembly of the City Water polo is a team water sport A team consists of six field players and one Goalkeeper.

Media

See also: List of media organisations in Belgrade

Belgrade is the most important media hub in Serbia. This is a list of media organisations based in Belgrade, Serbia. The city is home to the main headquarters of the national broadcaster Radio Television Serbia - RTS, which is a public service broadcaster. Radio Television of Serbia (Радио-телевизија Србије (PTC or sr Radio-televizija Srbije) is the public broadcaster in Serbia. ^[127] The RTS record label, PGP RTS, is also based in Belgrade. ^[128] The most popular commercial broadcaster is RTV Pink, a Serbian media multinational, known for its popular entertainment programs, which are considered by many to be sensationalist and of low quality. RTV Pink is a popular TV network based in Serbia with stations in several nearby countries as well as satellite and specialty channels The most popular commercial "alternative" broadcaster is B92, another media company, which has its own TV station, radio station, and music and book publishing arms, as well as the most popular website on the Serbian internet. B92 is a broadcaster with national coverage headquartered in Belgrade, Serbia. ^[129][130] Other TV stations broadcasting from Belgrade include Košava, Avala, and others which only cover the greater Belgrade municipal area, such as Studio B. TV Košava is a Serbian television station with national licence TV Avala (full legal name TV Avala doo is a Serbian television network with national frequency Numerous specialised channels are also available: SOS channel (sport), Metropolis (music), Art TV (art), Cinemania (film), and Happy TV (children's programs). There is also an Art TV in Arta, Greece; see Art TV (Arta Art TV is a privately-owned Television station in

High-circulation daily newspapers published in Belgrade include Politika, Blic, Večernje novosti, Glas javnosti, Press (newspaper) and Sportski žurnal. Politika (Политика is a Serbian Newspaper. It is considered the Serbian Newspaper of record and is the oldest daily on the Blic is one of the highest circulation dailies in Serbia. It is a Tabloid owned by Ringier AG group from Switzerland. Večernje novosti ( Вечерње новости; Evening News is a Belgrade-based daily Glas javnosti (Глас јавности meaning "Voice of the public" is a daily newspaper published in Belgrade. Press is a daily tabloid published in Belgrade. The Press owners control the paper through an entity named Press Publishing Group d Sportski žurnal (Спортски журнал is a Belgrade-based sports daily Other dailies published in the city are Danas, and Kurir. Danas is a daily newspaper published in Serbia; its name in Serbian ( Данас) meaning today. Kurir is a high-circulation daily Tabloid published in Belgrade. Novi Plamen is currently the most left-wing magazine. Novi Plamen ( English: The New Flame) is a Left-wing magazine aimed at audiences on the territory of former Yugoslavia A new free distribution daily, 24 sata, was founded in the autumn of 2006. 24 sata (24 hours is a free morning daily newspaper published in Belgrade by the Ringier group since October 2006.

Education

See also: List of educational institutions in Belgrade

Belgrade has two state universities and several private institutions for higher education. This is a list of educational institutions located in Belgrade, Serbia. The "Great School", founded in Belgrade in 1808, was the earliest location of higher education in Serbia. ^[131] The Lyceum followed in 1841, when it was moved from Kragujevac to Belgrade. This article is about Lyceum as school or as public hall Lyceum can also be short for Lyceum Theatre. Kragujevac ( Serbian Cyrillic: Крагујевац) is a city in Serbia, the largest city of the Šumadija By 1905, it had evolved into the University of Belgrade,^[132] one of the oldest educational institutions in the country (the oldest higher education facility, the Teacher's College in Subotica, dates from 1689). The University of Belgrade ( Serbian: sr Универзитет у Београду is the oldest and most important institution of higher Education in all of Subotica ( Serbian: Суботица Subotica,, Hungarian: Szabadka, Croatian: Subotica) is a city and municipality in More than 70,000 students study at the University. ^[133]

There are also 195 primary (elementary) schools and 85 secondary schools. Of the primary schools, there are 162 regular, 14 special, 15 art and 4 adult schools. The secondary school system has 51 vocational schools, 21 gymnasiums, 8 art schools and 5 special schools. The 230,000 pupils are managed by 22,000 employees in over 500 buildings, covering around 1,100,000 m². M^2 redirects here For other uses see M². CM2 redirects here ^[134]

Transportation

Main article: Transport in Belgrade

Belgrade has an extensive public transport system based on buses (118 urban lines and more than 300 suburban lines), trams (12 lines), and trolleybuses (8 lines). Urban Belgrade has an extensive public transport system The public city transport in Belgrade consists of Buses, Trams, and Trolleys. New Railroad Bridge ( Serbian: Нови железнички мост Serbian (Latin: Novi železnički most) is a bridge over the Sava A tram, tramcar, trolley, trolley car, or streetcar is a railborne vehicle, of lighter weight and construction than a Train ^[135] It is run by GSP Beograd and SP Lasta, in cooperation with private companies on various bus routes. CTC Belgrade (ГСП Београд is a public company responsible for suburban public transportation in Belgrade. Belgrade also has a commuter rail network, Beovoz, run by Serbian Railways. Various terms are used for Passenger rail lines and equipment Beovoz (Беовоз is the suburban/commuter railway network that provides Mass-transit service in the city of Belgrade, Serbia, similar to Serbian Railways ( Serbian: Железнице Србије/Železnice Srbije) is the national railway carrier of Serbia. ^[136] The main railway station connects Belgrade with other European capitals and many towns in Serbia. Travel by coach is also popular, and the capital is well-served with daily connections to every town in the country. In British English and Australian English, the term coach is used to refer to a large motor vehicle for conveying passengers The motorway system provides for easy access to Novi Sad and Budapest, the capital of Hungary, in the north; Niš to the south; and Zagreb, to the west. Motorway is a term for both a type of Road and a classification or designation Novi Sad ( Cyrillic: Нови Сад 'nɔviː 'saːd; Hungarian: Újvidék Slovak Budapest ( also /ˈbʊ-/) is the capital city of Hungary. As the largest city of Hungary it serves as the country's principal Political, Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic Zagreb (ˈzɑːgrɛb is the Capital and the largest city of Croatia. Situated at the confluence of two major rivers, the Danube and the Sava, Belgrade has many bridges—the two main ones are Branko's bridge and Gazela, both of which connect the core of the city to New Belgrade. Branko's bridge ( Serbian: Бранков мост/ Brankov most) is the second-largest Bridge (after Gazela) of Belgrade, Serbia Gazela ( Serbian Cyrillic: Газела meaning Gazelle) is the most important Bridge in Belgrade, Serbia, across the Novi Beograd or New Belgrade ( Serbian Cyrillic: Нови Београд) is one of 17 municipalities which constitute the City of Belgrade

The Port of Belgrade is on the Danube, and allows the city to receive goods by river. The Sava ( Bosnian, Croatian, Slovene: Sava; Serbian: Сава, Sava) is a river in Port of Belgrade ( Serbian: Лука Београд/Luka Beograd) is a cargo Port on the Danube ^[137] The city is also served by Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport (IATA: BEG), 12 kilometres west of the city centre, near Surčin. Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport ( Serbian: Аеродром Београд - Никола Тесла or Aerodrom Beograd - Nikola Tesla) is Serbia 's busiest An IATA airport code, also known an IATA location identifier, IATA station code or simply a location identifier, is a three-letter code designating many Surčin ( Serbian Cyrillic: Сурчин) is a suburban settlement (town and one of 17 municipalities which constitute the City At its peak in 1986, almost 3 million passengers travelled through the airport, though that number dwindled to a trickle in the 1990s. ^[138] Following renewed growth in 2000, the number of passengers reached approximately 2 million in 2004 and 2005. ^[139] In 2006, 2 million passengers passed through the airport by mid-November,^[140] while during the 2007 the figure peaked at 2,5 million customers. ^[141]

With the city's expansion and a substantial increase in the number of vehicles, congestion has become a major problem; this is expected to be alleviated by the construction of a bypass connecting the E70 and E75 highways. Belgrade City Road Bypass ( Serbian: Обилазница око Београда) or simply Belgrade Bypass is a Beltway, currently under The part of the European route E70 in Serbia spans approximately. The part of the European route E75 in Serbia spans approximately. ^[142] Further, an "inner magistral semi-ring" is planned, including a new bridge across the Sava river, which is expected to ease commuting within the city and unload the Gazela and Branko's bridge. Commuting is the process of Travelling between one's place of residence and regular place of work ^[143] Belgrade is going to start construction of three bridges in 2008, one over the Sava river, and two over the Danube river. The Sava ( Bosnian, Croatian, Slovene: Sava; Serbian: Сава, Sava) is a river in The Danube (In Donau from earlier Danuvius, Celtic *dānu, meaning "to flow run" Slovak and Polish Dunaj Two additional two bridges are planned, both over the Danube.

International cooperation and honours

These are the official sister cities of Belgrade:^{[144][145][146]}

	Country	City	County / District / Region / State	Date
	United Kingdom	Coventry	England	1957
	United States	Chicago	Illinois	2005
	Pakistan	Lahore	Punjab	2007
	Israel	Tel Aviv	Tel Aviv	1990
	Austria	Vienna	Vienna	2003

Some of the city's municipalities are also twinned to small cities or districts of other big cities, for details see their respective articles. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Coventry ( is a city and Metropolitan borough in the County of West Midlands in England. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Year 1957 ( MCMLVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar) The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. The State of Illinois ( roughly ill-i-NOY is a state of the United States of America, the 21st to be admitted to the Union. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and ( lahor is the capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab and is the second largest city in Pakistan after Karachi. The Punjab ( Urdu:) province of Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. Tel Aviv-Yafo (תֵּל ־אָבִיב-יָפוֹ تل أبيب Tal ʾAbīb) (usually Tel Aviv) is the second-largest city in Israel The Tel Aviv District is one of six administrative districts of Israel with a population of 1 Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar.

Other similar forms of cooperation and city friendship:

	Country	City	County / District / Region / State	Date	Form
	Greece	Athens	Attica	1966	Agreement on Friendship and Cooperation
	Bosnia and Herzegovina	Banja Luka	Republika Srpska	2005	Agreement on Cooperation
	China	Beijing		1980	Agreement on Cooperation
	Germany	Berlin	Berlin	1978	Agreement on Cooperation and Friendship
	Germany	Düsseldorf	North Rhine-Westphalia	2004	Agreement on Cooperation
	Cuba	Havana[147]	Havana	2007	Agreement on Fraternization
	Ukraine	Kiev	Kiev	2002	Agreement on Cooperation
	Spain	Madrid	Comunidad de Madrid	2001	Agreement on Cooperation
	Italy	Milan	Lombardy	2000	Memorandum of Agreement, City to City Programme
	Russia	Moscow	Central Federal District	2002	Programme of Cooperation
	Italy	Rome	Lazio	1971	Agreement on Friendship and Cooperation

Letters of Intent signed with capital cities of former Yugoslavia:

Ljubljana, Slovenia (Letter of Intent, October 2003) (Signed together with Zagreb) Skopje, Republic of Macedonia (Letter of Intent, June 2006) Zagreb, Croatia (Letter of Intent, October 2003) (Signed together with Ljubljana) Podgorica, Montenegro (2006)

The City of Belgrade has received various domestic and international honours, including the French Légion d'honneur in 1920, the Czechoslovak War Cross, the Serbian Karađorđe's Star with Swords and the former Yugoslavian Order of the National Hero (proclaimed on October 20, 1974, the anniversary of the overthrow of Nazi German occupation during World War II). Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία Athens (ˈæθənz Αθήνα Athina,) the Capital and largest city of Greece, dominates the Attica periphery as one of the world's Attica (Αττική Attikí;) is a periphery (subdivision in Greece, containing Athens, the capital of Greece Year 1966 ( MCMLXVI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Latin script: Bosna i Hercegovina, Cyrillic script: Босна и Херцеговина is a country on the Balkan Banja Luka or Banjaluka ( Cyrillic: Бања Лука ˌbaɲaˈluːka is the capital and the largest Republika Srpska ( Serbian: Република Српска Republika Srpska ( often abbreviated PC or RS) also Српска Srpska Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Year 1980 ( MCMLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar) Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. Year 1978 ( MCMLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar) Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Düsseldorf (ˈdʏsəldɔɐf is the capital city of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. North Rhine-Westphalia (Nordrhein-Westfalen usually shortened to NRW, official short form NW is the westernmost and - in terms of population and economic output - the "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " The Republic of Cuba (ˈkjuːbə or) consists of the island of Cuba (the largest and second-most populous island of the Greater Antilles) Isla de la Havana ( IPA: aˈβana officially Ciudad de La Habana, is the Capital city, major port and leading Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. 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It is located in the center of the country and is a mid-sized city of some 270000 inhabitants Slovenia, officially the Republic of Slovenia (Republika Slovenija) is a Country in southern Central Europe bordering Italy to the west Skopje (Скопје; Shkup or Shkupi is the Capital and largest city in the Republic of Macedonia, with more than a quarter of the population The Republic of Macedonia (Република Zagreb (ˈzɑːgrɛb is the Capital and the largest city of Croatia. Croatia (Hrvatska ˈxȓvatska officially the Republic of Croatia ( Republika Hrvatska) is a southern Central European country at the crossroads between Podgorica ( Montenegrin / Serbian: Подгорица Podgorica ˈpɔdgɔˌriʦa is the Capital and largest city of Montenegro Montenegro ( British English) Montenegrin / Serbian: PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE LANGUAGES WITHOUT CONSENSUS ON THE TALK PAGE! This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. 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Belgrade photo gallery

Belgrade panorama	Stadium Red Star Belgrade	The Republic Square	New Belgrade
Kalemegdan Park	Danube river in Zemun	Government of Serbia	Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport
Terazije	Tašmajdan park	Nikola Pašić Square

See also

• List of notable Belgraders

References

Further reading

• Pavić, Milorad (2000). Milorad Pavić (Милорад Павић (born October 15, 1929 in Belgrade) is a noted Serbian Poet, Prose writer A Short History of Belgrade. Belgrade: Dereta. ISBN 86-7346-117-0.  
• Tešanović, Jasmina (2000). Jasmina Tešanović ( Serbian: Јасмина Тешановић (born March 7, 1954) is a Feminist, political activist ( Women in Black The Diary of a Political Idiot: Normal Life in Belgrade. Cleis Press. Cleis Press is an independent publisher of books in the areas of sexuality erotica feminism gay and lesbian studies gender studies fiction and human rights ISBN 1-57344-114-7.  
• Levinsohn, Florence Hamlish (1995). Belgrade : among the Serbs. Chicago: Ivan R. Dee. ISBN 1-56663-061-4.  
• Paton, Andrew Archibald [1845] (2005-11-04). Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1333 - Flood of the Arno River, causing massive damage in Florence as recorded by the Florentine chronicler Giovanni Villani Servia, Youngest Member of the European Family: or, A Residence in Belgrade, and Travels in the Highlands and Woodlands of the Interior, during the years 1843 and 1844. (Reprint by Project Gutenberg/Project Rastko), London: Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans. Project Gutenberg, abbreviated as PG, is a volunteer effort to Digitize, archive and distribute Cultural works Project Rastko - Internet Library of Serb Culture ( Serbian: Пројекат Растко - Електронска библиотека српске културе Projekat  

External links

• City of Belgrade Official Website
• Tourist Organization of Belgrade
• Belgrade, host to Eurosong 2008
• Photo gallery of Belgrade
• Old photos of Belgrade
• Standing Conference of Towns and Municipalities
• City of Belgrade Secretariat for Environmental Protection
• Architecture of Belgrade
• BeoBuild (Construction projects)
• Medieval Belgrade - belgradexv.com
• Environmental Atlas of Belgrade, Institute of Public Health of Belgrade
• Belgrade in Old Postcards
• Belgrade Travel Guide, Serbia
• Belgrade travel guide from Wikitravel

• Belgrade is at coordinates 44°48′58″N 20°28′54″E / 44.8162, 20.4816 (Belgrade)Coordinates: 44°48′58″N 20°28′54″E / 44.8162, 20.4816 (Belgrade)

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