Belching, also known as burping, ructus, or eructation, involves the release of gas from the digestive tract (mainly esophagus and stomach) through the mouth. A symptom' (from Greek σύμπτωμα, "accident misfortune that which befalls" from συμπίπτω, "I befall" from A Sign is an indication of some fact or quality and a medical sign is an objective indication of some medical fact or quality that is detected by a Physician The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify Diseases The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision ( ICD -10) is a coding of diseases and signs symptoms abnormal findings R00-R69 - Symptoms and Signs (R00-R09 Circulatory and Respiratory systems ( Abnormalities of Heart beat The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify Diseases The following is a list of codes for International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. This page is about the physical properties of gas as a state of matter The esophagus or oesophagus (see American and British English spelling differences) sometimes known as the gullet, is an organ in In Human anatomy, the stomach is a J-shaped hollow muscular organ of the Gastrointestinal tract involved in the second phase of Digestion, following The mouth, buccal cavity, or oral cavity is the first portion of the Alimentary canal that receives food and begins digestion by mechanically breaking up It is usually accompanied with a typical sound and, at times, an odor. Halitosis, oral malodor, breath odor mouth odor foul breath fetor oris fetor ex ore or most commonly bad breath are terms used to describe noticeably unpleasant

Physiology

Burping is typically caused by eating or drinking too fast, and thereby swallowing (aerophagia) and subsequently expelling air, in which the expelled gas is a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen. Aerophagia (var aerophagy) is a condition that occurs when a person swallows too much air which goes to the Stomach. Temperature and layers The temperature of the Earth's atmosphere varies with altitude the mathematical relationship between temperature and altitude varies among five Nitrogen (ˈnaɪtɹəʤɪn is a Chemical element that has the symbol N and Atomic number 7 and Atomic weight 14 Oxygen (from the Greek roots ὀξύς (oxys (acid literally "sharp" from the taste of acids and -γενής (-genēs (producer literally begetteris the Burps can also be caused by imbibing carbonated drinks such as beer, soft drinks, or champagne, in which case the expelled gas is carbon dioxide from the drink itself. Beer is the world's oldest and most widely consumed Alcoholic beverage and the third most popular drink overall after water and tea Soft drink is a beverage that does not contain Alcohol. Carbonated soft drinks are commonly known as soda soda pop pop, or Champagne is a Sparkling wine produced by inducing the in-bottle Secondary fermentation of Wine to effect Carbonation. Carbon dioxide ( Chemical formula:) is a Chemical compound composed of two Oxygen Atoms covalently bonded to a single Common diabetes drugs metformin ^[1] and Byetta ^[2] can cause burping, especially at higher doses. This often resolves in a few weeks. Burping combined with other symptoms such as dyspepsia, nausea, and heartburn may be a sign of an ulcer or hiatal hernia, and should be reviewed by a physician. Dyspepsia (from the Greek "δυς-" (Dys- and "πέψη" (Pepse known in plain English as indigestion, meaning hard ^[3]

The sound of burping is caused by the vibration of the cardia (esophageal sphincter) as the gas passes through it. Oscillation is the repetitive variation typically in Time, of some measure about a central value (often a point of Equilibrium) or between two or more different states The cardia (also known as Z-line or esophagogastric junction or gastroesophageal junction) is the anatomical term for the junction orifice of A sphincter is a structure usually a circular Muscle, that normally maintains constriction of a natural body passage or orifice and which relaxes as required by normal physiological The current Guinness world record for the loudest burp is 118. Guinness World Records, known until 2000 as The Guinness Book of Records (and in previous U 1 dB, set by Paul Hunn from London, England in 2000. The decibel ( dB) is a logarithmic unit of measurement that expresses the magnitude of a physical quantity (usually power or intensity relative to London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ^[4] (This would be noticeably louder than a chainsaw at a distance of 1 meter. )

Social context and etiquette

In many parts of the world, audible burping is not much appreciated and is therefore considered to be somewhat impolite (although generally not as much as flatulence). Flatulence is the production of a mixture of gases in the digestive tract of Mammals that are byproducts of the digestion process However, in other areas it can be considered a sign of completion of a meal or a form of applause for the cook. Sometimes, children and teenagers engage in burping activities such as contests to determine who can produce the loudest burp, the longest burp, the most guttural burp, the burping of words, songs, or even the alphabet.

Infant burping

Babies are particularly subject to accumulation of gas in the stomach whilst feeding, and this can cause considerable agitation to the child unless it is burped. The act of burping an infant involves placing the child in a position conducive to gas expulsion (for example holding the infant up to the adult's shoulder, with the infant's stomach resting on the adult's chest) and then lightly patting it on the lower back so that he or she burps.

Because burping can cause vomiting in infants, the burp cloth or burp pad is sometimes employed on the shoulder to protect the adult's clothing. Vomiting (also called throwing up, emesis) is the forceful expulsion of the contents of one's Stomach through the Mouth and sometimes the

"Burped" speech

It is possible to voluntarily induce burping through swallowing air and then expelling it, and by manipulation of the vocal tract produce burped speech. The vocal tract is that cavity in animals and humans where sound that is produced at the sound source ( Larynx in mammals syrinx in birds is filtered

While this is often employed as a means of entertainment or competition (such as burping the alphabet), it can also act as an alternative means of vocalisation for people who have undergone a laryngectomy, with the burp replacing laryngeal phonation. Laryngectomy is the removal of the Larynx and separation of the airway from the Mouth, Nose, and Esophagus. Phonation has slightly different meanings depending on the subfield of Phonetics. This is known as esophageal speech. Esophageal speech (or voice) is an alternate method for Speech production without the oscillation in the Vocal folds.

In animals

Many other mammals, such as cattle, dogs, and sheep also burp. Mammals ( class Mammalia) are a class of Vertebrate Animals characterized by the presence of Sweat glands, including sweat glands Cattle, colloquially referred to as cows, are domesticated Ungulates a member of the Subfamily Bovinae of the family The dog ( Canis lupus familiaris) is a domesticated Subspecies of the gray wolf, a Mammal of the Canidae family of the order In the case of ruminants, the gas expelled is actually methane produced as a byproduct of the animal's digestive process. Physiologically a ruminant is a Mammal of the order Artiodactyla that digests plant-based food by initially softening it within the animal's first stomach known Methane is a Chemical compound with the molecular formula. It is the simplest Alkane, and the principal component of Natural gas. Digestion is the breaking down of chemicals in the body into a form that can be absorbed Anaerobic organisms such as Escherichia coli (E. An anaerobic organism is any Organism that does not require Oxygen for growth and may even die in its presence coli) and methanogenic archaea produce this effect. Methanogens are Archaea that produce Methane as a Metabolic byproduct in Anoxic conditions An average cow is thought to emit between 542 litres (if located in a barn) and 600 litres (if in a field) of methane per day through burping and exhalation, making commercially farmed cattle a major contributor to the greenhouse effect. The litre or liter (see spelling differences) is a unit of Volume. The Greenhouse effect refers to the change in the Thermal equilibrium temperature of a planet or moon by the presence of an Atmosphere containing gas that absorbs 95% of this gas is emitted through belching. ^[5] This has led scientists at the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation of Perth, Australia, to develop an anti-methanogen vaccine to minimize methane in cattle burps. The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation ( CSIRO) is the national government body for scientific research in Australia. Perth is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. ^[6]

Some fish are also known to expel air from their gills; here the burp is produced by gas being expelled from the gas bladder. Fish are aquatic Vertebrate animals that are typically ectothermic (previously Cold-blooded) covered with scales, and equipped with two gas bladder (also fish maw, less accurately swim bladder or air bladder) is an internal organ that contributes to the ability of a Fish

References

External links

• Cow methane production
• from Webmd.com
• International Burping Movement, promoting burping worldwide (French)
• Burps for websites - Burp sounds that people may add to their websites. New Scientist is a weekly International science magazine and website covering recent developments in science and technology for a general English -speaking