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The flag of the Beiyang Navy.
The flag of the Beiyang Navy.

The Beiyang Fleet (traditional Chinese: 北洋艦隊; simplified Chinese: 北洋舰队; pinyin: Běiyáng Jiànduì) was one of the four modernised Chinese navies in the late Qing Dynasty. Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use The naval history of China dates back thousands of years with archives existing since the late Spring and Autumn Period ( 722 BC - 481 BC) about the Not to be confused with Qin Dynasty, the first dynasty of Imperial China The navies were heavily sponsored by Li Hongzhang, who was the Viceroy of Zhili. Li Hongzhang, Marquis Suyi of the First Class, GCVO, ( February 15, 1823 &ndash November 7, 1901) was a Chinese The Viceroy of Zhílì (直隸總督/直隶总督 fully referred to as the Governor General of Zhili and surrounding areas Overseeing Military Affairs Food Production Manager The Beiyang Fleet soon became the dominant navy in East Asia before the onset of First Sino-Japanese War in 1894 - 1895. The First Sino-Japanese War ( 日清戦争 Romaji: Nisshin Sensō ( 1 August 1894 – 17 April 1895) was a war fought between Year 1894 ( MDCCCXCIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1895 ( MDCCCXCV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The Beiyang Fleet was said to be the "Best in Asia" and "The 8th best in the world" during the late 1880s.

Contents

Creation

A badge commemorating the establishment of the Beiyang Fleet
A badge commemorating the establishment of the Beiyang Fleet

The creation of the Beiyang Fleet dated back to 1871, when four ships from the southern provinces were shifted north to patrol the northern waters. Year 1871 ( MDCCCLXXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common In the beginning, this navy was considered to be the weakest when compared to the other three Chinese navies. This soon changed when Li Hongzhang allotted the majority of naval funds to the Beiyang Fleet. Unlike the other Chinese fleets, the Beiyang Fleet consisted mostly of battleships imported from Germany and Britain. When the flagships Dingyuan and Zhenyuan were purchased from Germany, the superiority in strength of the Beiyang Fleet became evident, as Germany was the emerging world power, rivalling Britain (which dominated the ocean) in new naval construction. Design The Dingyuan was an "armoured turret ship" design Background Zhenyuan displaced 7670 tons loaded and had a speed of 15 Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe.

The Qing Chinese navy at its peak consisted of 78 ships, with a total tonnage of 83,900 tons. However, construction of new ships almost completely stopped in 1888 due to high expenditures in other fields by the Qing Dynasty and the supposed naval expenditures were used to repair and build palaces by the Empress Dowager Cixi after she lost interest in naval construction. Year 1888 ( MDCCCLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Empress Dowager Cixi 1 ( ( November 29 1835 – November 15 1908) popularly known in China as the Due to missing expenditures, the training of the fleet and personnel essentially ran to a standstill, which eventually contributed to its defeat in the Battle of the Yalu River against Japan. The Battle of the Yalu River (黃海海戰 lit Battle of the Yellow Sea) also called simply 'The Battle of Yalu' took place on September 17 1894

First Sino-Japanese War

Claiming her responsibilities on Choson affairs, in 1894, the Imperial Japanese Navy launched the First Sino-Japanese War against China. Year 1894 ( MDCCCXCIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common For Combined Fleet, please see that article For Carrier Striking Task Force, please see that article The First Sino-Japanese War ( 日清戦争 Romaji: Nisshin Sensō ( 1 August 1894 – 17 April 1895) was a war fought between Due to the lack of government funding and the intensive Japanese naval program, Beiyang's once superior resources were becoming outdated. By the time of the Battle of Yalu River (1894), the Beiyang Fleet suffered heavy losses due to the surprise attack of the Japanese and the inferiority of its equipment, and was eventually annihilated in Weihaiwei. The Battle of the Yalu River (黃海海戰 lit Battle of the Yellow Sea) also called simply 'The Battle of Yalu' took place on September 17 1894 Administrative divisions The Prefecture-level city of Weihai administers 4 county-level divisions, including 1 districts and 3 county-level cities

Minor attempts to rebuild the fleet were made after the war, but the Beiyang Navy was never to reattain its former significance.

Reaction in the West

In the 1870s and 1880s, Chinese immigration to California was a national question. The Chinese Exclusion Act was a United States federal law passed on May 6 1882 following revisions made in 1880 to the Burlingame Treaty of 1868 William T. Coleman, a Californian businessman and activist, spoke against further Chinese immigration, warning that the large numbers of Chinese migrants and the new fleet formed a modern horde of Gengis Khan against Anglo-Saxon civilization. Genghis Khan ( or;, Chinggis Khaan, ʧiŋgɪs χaːŋ Činggis Qaɣan; 1162–1227 born (meaning "ironworker" was the Mongol founder [1]

Fleet[2]

Dingyuan, the flagship of the Beiyang Fleet
Dingyuan, the flagship of the Beiyang Fleet
Zhenyuan
Zhenyuan

Ironclad warships

Cruisers

Gunboats

Torpedo Boats

Training Ships

Auxiliary Ships

Transport

See also

External links

Design The Dingyuan was an "armoured turret ship" design Background Zhenyuan displaced 7670 tons loaded and had a speed of 15 An ironclad was a steam-propelled Warship of the later 19th century protected by Iron or Steel armor plates Design The Dingyuan was an "armoured turret ship" design Background Zhenyuan displaced 7670 tons loaded and had a speed of 15 A cruiser is a large type of Warship, which had its prime period from the late 19th century to the end of the Cold War. Background In terms of design the Saien resembled the contemporary Japanese ''Matsushima'' class Cruisers in the use of large cannons on a relatively A gunboat is literally a Boat carrying one or more Guns The term is rather broad and the usual connotation has changed over the years (sometimes encompassing A torpedo boat is a relatively small and fast naval Ship designed to carry Torpedoes into battle The Beiyang Army ( meaning "North Western Army" was a powerful Western-style Chinese military force created by the Qing Dynasty government Self-Strengthening Movement ( c 1861–1895 was a period of institutional reforms initiated during the late Qing Dynasty following a series of military defeats and concessions The Nanyang Fleet (南洋水師 was one of the four modernised Chinese navies in the late Qing Dynasty.
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