Behavioural sciences (or Behavioral science) is a term that encompasses all the disciplines that explore the activities of and interactions among organisms in the natural world. It involves the systematic analysis and investigation of human and animal behaviour through controlled and naturalistic experimental observations and rigorous formulations. Human beings, humans or man (Origin 1590–1600 L homō man OL hemō the earthly one (see Humus In scientific inquiry an experiment ( Latin: Ex- periri, "to try out" is a method of investigating particular types of research questions or (E. D. Klemke, R. Hollinger, and A. D. Kline, (ed) (1980))
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Difference between behavioural sciences and social sciences
The term behavioural sciences is often confused with the term social sciences. Though these two broad areas are interrelated and study systematic processes of behaviour, they differ on their level of scientific analysis of various dimensions of behaviour. Behavioural sciences essentially investigates the decision processes and communication strategies within and between organisms in a social system. This involves fields like psychology and social neuroscience, among others. Psychology (from Greek grc ψῡχή psȳkhē, "breath life soul" and grc -λογία -logia) is an Academic and Social neuroscience is an Interdisciplinary field that utilizes the Complementary insights and approaches of Neuroscience and Social science
In contrast, Social sciences study the structural-level processes of a social system and its impact on social processes and social organization. The social sciences comprise academic disciplines concerned with the study of the social life of human groups and individuals including Anthropology, Communication studies They typically include fields like sociology, economics, history, public health, anthropology, and political science (As per E. Sociology (from Latin: socius "companion" and the suffix -ology "the study of" from Greek λόγος lógos "knowledge" Economics is the social science that studies the production distribution, and consumption of goods and services. History is the study of the past particularly the written record Those who study history as a Profession are called Historians Etymology Public health is "the science and art of preventing disease prolonging life and promoting health through the organised efforts and informed choices of society organisations Anthropology (/ˌænθɹəˈpɒlədʒi/ from Greek grc ἄνθρωπος anthrōpos, "human" -λογία -logia) is the study of Political science is a branch of Social sciences that deals with the theory and practice of Politics and the description and analysis of Political systems D. Klemke, R. Hollinger and A. D. Kline, eds. , 1988).
Categories of behavioural sciences
Behavioural sciences includes two broad categories: Neural-Decision sciences and Social-Communication sciences. Decision sciences involves those disciplines primarily dealing with the decision processes and individual functioning used in the survival of organism in a social environment. These include psychology, cognitive, organization theory, psychobiology, management science, operations research (not to be confused with business administration) and social neuroscience. Psychology (from Greek grc ψῡχή psȳkhē, "breath life soul" and grc -λογία -logia) is an Academic and Cognition is a concept used in different ways by different disciplines but is generally accepted to mean the process of awareness or thought In Psychology, biological psychology, also known as biopsychology, psychobiology, or behavioral neuroscience is the application of the principles Management science (MS, is the discipline of using Mathematical modeling and other analytical methods to help make better business Management decisions Operations Research (OR in North America South Africa and Australia and Operational Research in Europe is an interdisciplinary branch of applied Mathematics and Social neuroscience is an Interdisciplinary field that utilizes the Complementary insights and approaches of Neuroscience and Social science
On the other hand, Communication sciences include those fields which study the communication strategies used by organisms and its dynamics between organisms in an environment. These include fields like Anthropology, Organizational behaviour, Organization studies, Sociology and Social networks. Anthropology (/ˌænθɹəˈpɒlədʒi/ from Greek grc ἄνθρωπος anthrōpos, "human" -λογία -logia) is the study of Sociology (from Latin: socius "companion" and the suffix -ology "the study of" from Greek λόγος lógos "knowledge" A social network is a Social structure made of nodes (which are generally individuals or organizations that are tied by one or more specific types of interdependency such as
Behavioural sciences as integrative sciences
Neural-Decision sciences form the bridge between the behavioural sciences and Cognitive and natural sciences through creating theories that account for the interaction of bio-physical systems and cognitive processes in decision making of the organism. Cognitive science may be broadly defined as the multidisciplinary study of mind and behavior In Science, the term natural science refers to a naturalistic approach to the study of the Universe, which is understood as obeying rules or law of Biophysics (also biological physics) is an Interdisciplinary Science that employs and develops theories and methods of the Physical sciences for Decision making can be regarded as an outcome of mental processes ( cognitive process) leading to the selection of a course of action among several alternatives Social-Communication sciences form the link between behavioural sciences and social sciences through the interaction of individual cognitive and communication strategies and social-structural processes. The social sciences comprise academic disciplines concerned with the study of the social life of human groups and individuals including Anthropology, Communication studies
Thus behavioural sciences lies at the crossroads between the natural sciences and the social sciences, linking broad areas of scientific exploration. In Science, the term natural science refers to a naturalistic approach to the study of the Universe, which is understood as obeying rules or law of The social sciences comprise academic disciplines concerned with the study of the social life of human groups and individuals including Anthropology, Communication studies
| Natural sciences | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Physical sciences | Chemical sciences | Biological sciences | Cognitive sciences |
| Behavioural sciences | |||
| Neural-(Decision sciences) | Social-(Communication sciences) | ||
| Psychology including Social Psychology | Cognitive organization Theory and Consumer Psychology | Anthropology | Organizational behaviour |
| Psychobiology | Management science and Operations research | Organization studies & Psycho-Economics | Social networks |
| Social neuroscience | Ethology | Memetics | Organizational ecology |
| Social sciences | |||
| Sociology | Economics | Political science | Economic sociology |
See also
- Behavior
- List of academic disciplines
- Science
- Fields of science
- Natural sciences
- Behavioural sciences
- Social sciences
- History of science
- History of technology
- Fields of science
Selected bibliography
- George Devereux: From anxiety to method in the behavorial sciences, The Hague, Paris. Science (from the Latin scientia, meaning " Knowledge " or "knowing" is the effort to discover, and increase human understanding In Science, the term natural science refers to a naturalistic approach to the study of the Universe, which is understood as obeying rules or law of Physical science is an encompassing term for the branches of Natural science and Science that study non-living systems in contrast to the biological sciences Chemistry (from Egyptian kēme (chem meaning "earth") is the Science concerned with the composition structure and properties Foundations of modern biology There are five unifying principles Cognitive science may be broadly defined as the multidisciplinary study of mind and behavior Psychology (from Greek grc ψῡχή psȳkhē, "breath life soul" and grc -λογία -logia) is an Academic and Social psychology is the scientific study of how people's Thoughts Feelings and Behaviors are influenced by the actual imagined or Consumer behavior is the study of how people buy what they buy when they buy and why they buy Anthropology (/ˌænθɹəˈpɒlədʒi/ from Greek grc ἄνθρωπος anthrōpos, "human" -λογία -logia) is the study of In Psychology, biological psychology, also known as biopsychology, psychobiology, or behavioral neuroscience is the application of the principles Management science (MS, is the discipline of using Mathematical modeling and other analytical methods to help make better business Management decisions Operations Research (OR in North America South Africa and Australia and Operational Research in Europe is an interdisciplinary branch of applied Mathematics and Behavioral economics and behavioral finance are closely related fields which apply scientific research on human and social cognitive and emotional factors to better A social network is a Social structure made of nodes (which are generally individuals or organizations that are tied by one or more specific types of interdependency such as Social neuroscience is an Interdisciplinary field that utilizes the Complementary insights and approaches of Neuroscience and Social science Ethology ( from Greek ἦθος ethos, "character" and λόγος logos, "knowledge") is the scientific study of Animal This article is related to the study of self-replicating units of culture not to be confused with Mimetics Memetics is a neo-Darwinian approach Organizational ecology (also organizational demography and the population ecology of organizations) is a theoretical and empirical approach in the Social sciences The social sciences comprise academic disciplines concerned with the study of the social life of human groups and individuals including Anthropology, Communication studies Sociology (from Latin: socius "companion" and the suffix -ology "the study of" from Greek λόγος lógos "knowledge" Economics is the social science that studies the production distribution, and consumption of goods and services. Political science is a branch of Social sciences that deals with the theory and practice of Politics and the description and analysis of Political systems Economic sociology is the Sociological analysis of economic phenomena Behavior or behaviour (see spelling differences) refers to the actions or Reactions of an object or Organism, usually For the Björk song see Human Behaviour Human behavior is the collection of Behaviors exhibited by Human beings and influenced by An academic discipline or field of study is a branch of Knowledge which is taught or Researched at the college or university level Science (from the Latin scientia, meaning " Knowledge " or "knowing" is the effort to discover, and increase human understanding Fields of science are widely-recognized categories of specialized expertise within Science, and typically embody their own Terminology and Nomenclature. In Science, the term natural science refers to a naturalistic approach to the study of the Universe, which is understood as obeying rules or law of The social sciences comprise academic disciplines concerned with the study of the social life of human groups and individuals including Anthropology, Communication studies Science is a body of empirical, theoretical, and practical knowledge about the natural world, produced by a global community of researchers The history of technology is the history of the Invention of Tools and techniques George Devereux (born Dobó György on 13 September 1908 &mdash 28 May 1985) was an ethnologist and psychoanalyst Mouton & Co, 1967
- Neil J. Smelser and Paul B. Baltes, ed. Neil J Smelser is a University of California Berkeley Sociologist who studied Collective behavior. Paul B Baltes ( Saarlouis, June 18, 1939 - Berlin, November 7, 2006) was a renowned German Psychologist (2001). International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 26 v. The International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (2001 edited by Neil J Oxford: Elsevier.
- E. D. Klemke, R. Hollinger, and A. D. Kline, (ed) (1980). Introductory Readings in the Philosophy of Science. Prometheus Books, New York.
External links
- http://www.mangold-international.com (Software and labs for behavioral research)
- http://www.cpa.ca/ac-main.html (Canadian journal of behavioural sciences)
- https://www.casbs.org/ (Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences - Stanford University)
- http://www.noldus.com (Tools for behavioral research)
- http://www.absame.org (Association for the Behavioral Sciences and Medical Education)
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