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This article is about 90 and 100 Series King Airs. For other uses, see Beechcraft Super King Air. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout
King Air

C-GSYN, Adlair Aviation Ltd. 's King Air 100
Type Civil utility aircraft
Manufacturer Beechcraft
Maiden flight May 1963
Introduced 1964-09-09
Status Active service
Primary users United States Navy
Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force
Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia
Number built 3,000+
Developed from Beechcraft Queen Air
Variants Beechcraft Super King Air

The Beechcraft King Air family is part of a line of twin-turboprop aircraft produced by the Beech Aircraft Corporation (now Beechcraft Division of Hawker Beechcraft). An aerospace manufacturer is a company or individual involved in the various aspects of designing building testing selling and maintaining Aircraft, Aircraft parts Hawker Beechcraft The Beech Aircraft Corporation, previously the Beechcraft Division of Raytheon and now a unit of Hawker Beechcraft, is a United The maiden flight of an Aircraft is the first occasion on which an aircraft leaves the ground of its own accord Year 1964 ( MCMLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the 1964 Gregorian calendar. Events 1000 - Battle of Svolder, Viking Age. 1379 - Treaty of Neuberg, splitting the Austrian The, or JMSDF, is the maritime branch of the Japan Self-Defense Forces, tasked with the naval defense of Japan. The Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia ( RFDS, informally known as The Flying Doctors) is an Air ambulance service for those living in the remote inland WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout A turboprop engine is a type of aircraft powerplant that uses a Gas turbine engine to drive a Propeller. Hawker Beechcraft The Beech Aircraft Corporation, previously the Beechcraft Division of Raytheon and now a unit of Hawker Beechcraft, is a United Hawker Beechcraft Corporation is the name of a holding company formed by Onex Corporation and Goldman Sachs to acquire the aircraft manufacturing assets of Raytheon The King Air line comprises a number of models that have been divided into two families; the Model 90 and 100 series are known as King Airs, while the Model 200 and 300 series were originally marketed as Super King Airs, with "Super" being dropped by Beechcraft in 1996 (although it is still often used to differentiate the 200 and 300 series King Airs from their smaller stablemates). In popular usage "marketing" is the promotion of products especially Advertising and Branding However in professional usage the term has a wider meaning of WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout As of October 2007, the only small King Air in production is the conventional-tail C90GT.

The King Air was the first aircraft in its class and has been in continuous production since 1964. It has outsold all of its turboprop competitors combined and is the only small twin-turboprop business aircraft in production. It now faces competition from jet aircraft such as the Beechcraft Premier I and Cessna Citation Mustang. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout

Contents

Development

Model 90 series

The Model 90 King Air was conceived as the Model 120 in 1961. In May 1963, Beechcraft began test flights of the proof-of-concept Model 87, a modified Queen Air with Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-6 engines. MAY ( also known as: Mei メイ 메이 is a Korean singer well known in South Korea for singing the song "Miracle" Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout On July 14, Beech announced a new type, and a month later began accepting orders for the "King Air", with deliveries to commence in Autumn 1964. Events 1223 - Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father Philip II of France. [1] After 10 months of test flying, in 1964 the Model 87 was delivered to the United States Army as the NU-8F. Year 1964 ( MCMLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the 1964 Gregorian calendar. The United States Army is a military organization whose primary mission is to "provide necessary forces and capabilities. On January 24, the first definitive prototype, by now designated Model 65-90 and also fitted with PT6A-6 engines, flew for the first time. Events 41 - Gaius Caesar (Caligula, known for his eccentricity and cruel Despotism, is Assassinated by his disgruntled The first production aircraft was delivered on [[October 8], and by the end of the month ,152 aircraft had been ordered;[2] by year's end, seven had been built.

In 1966, after 112 65-90s were completed, production switched to the Model 65-A90 with PT6A-20 engines. As a measure of the type's popularity, 208 65-A90s were built in less than two years when production switched to the Model B90, the first of these rolling off the production line in 1968. Military versions built during these years included the 65-A90-1, 65-A90-2, 65-A90-3, and 65-A90-4, all being unpressurised models based on the Model 87. These were produced for the US Army which designated them U-21s of various sub-models; many were fitted out for electronic battlefield surveillance. A total of 162 of these were built between 1967 and 1971.

An E90 King Air taxis at the Mojave Spaceport
An E90 King Air taxis at the Mojave Spaceport
A King Air C90 at Centennial Airport
A King Air C90 at Centennial Airport

A total of 184 B90 models were produced before the Model C90 was introduced in 1971, with wingspan increased over earlier models by 4 ft 11 in to 50 ft 3 in (15. Centennial Airport lies within Arapahoe and Douglas counties and adjacent to Centennial Colorado, a suburb of Denver. 32 m), Maximum Take-Off Weight (MTOW) increased by 350 lb to 9,650 lb (4,378 kg), and PT6A-20A engines. The broadly similar Model E90 was introduced the following year, with PT6A-28 engines; the two were produced in parallel. Further refinement of the 90 series resulted in the Model F90 and follow-on Model F90-1. The F-models featured the T-tail of the Model 200 King Air mated to the fuselage and wings of the E90, with PT6A-135 engines of 750 shp (560 kW) driving four-bladed propellers. The F90 prototype flew on January 16, 1978 and 202 production versions followed between 1979 and 1983, when the F90 was superseded by the F90-1. Events 27 BC - The title Augustus is bestowed upon Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian by the Roman Senate. Year 1978 ( MCMLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar) The F90 prototype was re-engined with Garrett AiResearch TPE-331 engines to test the feasibility of a Model G90, but this model was not put into production. The Garrett AiResearch TPE-331 is a Turboprop engine originally designed by AiResearch and now produced by Honeywell.

The Model C90-1 entered production in 1982 after 507 C90s and 347 E90s had been built, and featured PT6A-21 engines and improvements to the pressurisation system. 54 were built. [3] The following year the F90-1 was put into production with redesigned engine cowlings, upgraded PT6A-135A engines, hydraulic landing gear, and triple-fed electrical bus; only 32[4] were built by the time production terminated in 1985. The C90-1 was soon followed by the Model C90A, which featured the redesigned engine cowlings of the F90-1. The C90A received an increase in MTOW in 1987, being certified to 10,100 lb (4,580 kg). The C90A model was in production until 1992, by which time 232 had been built, all but 74 with the increased MTOW. The Model C90B followed that year with airframe improvements, four-bladed propellers, and propeller synchrophasing,[5] all in an effort to reduce cabin noise. This model also had PT6A-21s; the first production C90B was fitted with the 10,000th PT6 engine delivered to Beechcraft. In 1994 a cheaper version was introduced as the C90SE (Special Edition), with standardised interior and avionics.

In July 2005, during the Oshkosh Airshow, Beechcraft introduced the C90GT. EAA AirVenture Oshkosh (formerly The EAA Annual Convention and Fly-In is an annual gathering of Aviation enthusiasts held each summer at Wittman Regional Airport The C90GT is fitted with 750 shp PT6A-135As, flat rated to the same 550 shp as the earlier King Airs. When an engine is Flat rated it means that an engine of high Horsepower rating is constrained to a lower horsepower rating This engine change increases performance due to lower operating temperatures, improving both cruise speed and climb rate. With a 275 kt (509 km/h, 316 mph) cruise speed, the C90GT is highly competitive with the new generation of Very Light Jets over short to medium distances, while providing a larger and more luxurious cabin. see also List of very light jets A very light jet ( VLJ) previously known as a microjet, is by convention a small Jet aircraft C90GT production commenced after 458 C90Bs and C90SEs had been delivered. On May 21, 2007, during the 7th Annual European Business Aviation Convention & Exhibition in Geneva, Beechcraft announced the Model C90GTi updated version of the C90GT[6], featuring the Rockwell Collins Proline 21 avionics package previously only offered for the B200 and B300 King Airs. Events 878 - Syracuse Italy is captured by the Muslim sultan of Sicily. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Geneva (Genève is the second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and is the most populous city of Romandy (the French -speaking Rockwell Collins Inc ( is a large United States -based international company headquartered in Cedar Rapids Iowa primarily providing Aviation and Information Avionics means "aviation electronics" It comprises electronic systems for use on aircraft artificial satellites and spacecraft comprising Communications Deliveries are due to commence in late 2007.

Model 100 series

A Model B100 King Air with Garrett engines
A Model B100 King Air with Garrett engines

The Model 100 is a stretched derivitive of the Model 90 featuring five cabin windows instead of the Model 90's three; MTOW increased by 1,300 lb (590 kg) over the 90, to 10,600 lb (4,810 kg). The 100 used the wings, tail, and engines (two PT6A-28 engines rated at 620 shp) from the Model 99 airline, itself a development of the Queen Air (as was the Model 90). The Beechcraft Model 99 is a civilian aircraft produced by the Beech Aircraft Corporation (previously the Beechcraft Division of Raytheon and now a unit

The Model 100 was flown for the first time on March 17, 1969 and unveiled to the public in May. Events 45 BC - In his last victory Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. 89 Model 100s were built before it was superseded by the Model A100 in 1972, with a further increase in MTOW to 11,500 lb (5,220 kg), fuel capacity increased by 94 US Gallons (357 litres), and four-bladed propellers. A gallon is a measure of Volume. It is in current use in the United States and still has limited use in many other English-speaking countries A total of 157 A100s were built by the time production of this model ceased in 1979. The next in the series was the B100, which featured 715 shp Garrett AiResearch TPE-331 engines as an alternative to the Pratt & Whitneys offered on other King Airs, and another increase in MTOW to 11,800 lb (5,350 kg). The B100 was introduced in 1976 and was produced concurrently with the A100 for several years; manufacture ceased in 1983 after 137 were built. The Model 200 Super King Air was developed from the Model 100, with the same fuselage design (with some differences, mainly associated with the different tails) being used for both models. The 200 had different wings and a T-tail and entered service in 1974. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout

Military King Air versions

Navy T-44A
Navy T-44A

The U. S. military has used King Air 90s in various roles, primarily VIP and liaison transport, with designations including the VC-6A, the T-44A Pegasus, and the U-21 Ute. The U-21 Ute used by the US Army was the most common version.

Most U-21s were unpressurized Model 87 derivatives, but there were also five U-21Fs based on the A100 King Air; and three U-21Js, which Beechcraft designated Model A100-1, but were actually the first three production Model 200 Super King Airs (C/Ns BB-3, BB-4 and BB-5, after prototypes C/N BB-1 and BB-2 had been built). The majority of U-21s were delivered as U-21As (102 65-A90-1s), but there were also four RU-21As (65-A90-1s), three RU-21Bs (65-A90-2s), two RU-21Cs (65-A90-3s), 18 RU-21Ds (65-A90-1s), 16 RU-21Es (65-A90-4s), and 17 RU-21Gs (65-A90-1s). The RU-21Es (except one written off) were later converted to U-21Hs and RU-21Hs, with two U-21Hs and an RU-21H being further converted to JU-21Hs. [7] As of September 2007, only the three surviving RU-21As remain in military service. [8] The majority of the U-21 series were retired in the second half of the 1990s and most are now owned by Dynamic Aviation of Bridgewater, Virginia. Bridgewater is an Incorporated town in Rockingham County, Virginia, United States. Some have been modified as spraying aircraft and are used on insect control work. [9]

Two VC-6A aircraft were operated by the US military. One was a Model 65-A90 operated by the US Army and serialled 66-15361,[10] the other a B90 operated by the United States Air Force as Air Force One.

The T-44A Pegasus was a trainer version, designated the Model H90 by Beechcraft, used to train United States Navy and Air Force pilots to fly multi-engine turboprop aircraft such as the P-3 Orion and the C-130 Hercules. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout A total of 61 were delivered to the US Navy between 1977 and 1980. In August 2006, the Navy announced, after 29 years of operation, the T-44A fleet would be upgraded with modernized avionics systems, and redesignated T-44Cs. [11]

The Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF) has operated a total of 40 C90 and C90A King Airs, with deliveries beginning in 1973. The, or JMSDF, is the maritime branch of the Japan Self-Defense Forces, tasked with the naval defense of Japan. These have been given various designations by the JMSDF and consist of 34 TC-90 trainers, five LC-90 transports and a single UC-90 which is configured for photographic aerial survey. The TC-90s and the UC-90 comprise the 202 Kyoiku Kokutai (Training Squadron) based at Tokushima, while the LC-90s are attached to various Lockheed P-3 Kokutai (Squadrons) and a NAMC YS-11 Kokutai[12] as liaison aircraft. is the capital city of Tokushima Prefecture on Shikoku island of Japan. The NAMC YS-11 is a Turboprop Airliner built by a Japanese consortium the Nihon Aircraft Manufacturing Corporation. In late 2005 the JMSDF marked 500,000 accident-free flying hours of the TC-90 trainer fleet. [13]

Air Force One

VC-6A used as Air Force One
VC-6A used as Air Force One

During the administration of President Lyndon Johnson, the United States Air Force acquired a Model B90 King Air "off-the-shelf". The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by With the military designation VC-6A, the aircraft, serialled 66-7943,[14] was used to transport President Johnson between Bergstrom Air Force Base (near Austin, Texas) and the Johnson family ranch near Johnson City, Texas. For the civil use of this airfield after 1993 see Austin-Bergstrom International Airport Bergstrom Air Force Base (1942-1993 was a United Johnson City is a city in Blanco County, Texas, United States. When Johnson was aboard, the aircraft used the callsign Air Force One. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout This aircraft is now on display, with other presidential aircraft, at the National Museum of the United States Air Force at Wright Patterson Air Force Base near Dayton, Ohio. The National Museum of the United States Air Force (formerly the United States Air Force Museum) is the official National Museum of the United States Air Wright-Patterson Air Force Base is a United States Air Force base located in Greene and Montgomery counties eight miles (13 km) northeast of Dayton is a city in southwestern Ohio, United States. It is the County seat and largest city of Montgomery County.

Modification and upgrade programs

A B100 King Air modified with five-bladed propellers
A B100 King Air modified with five-bladed propellers

Aftermarket modifications and upgrades are available for 90 and 100 Series King Airs. [15] A popular engine upgrade package involves C90, C90A, C90B, and E90 Series aircraft being re-engined with the PT6A-135As of the C90GT. Aircraft with this modification are known as Silverhawk 135s[16] or Blackhawk XPs. [17] A more radical re-engining programme is the Kilo Alpha 290, which involves the replacement of the PT6s in C90 and E90 King Airs with TPE-331s. [18]

Among the numerous airframe modifications available, one company offers a Wing Front Spar Reinforcement Kit for both 90 and 100 Series aircraft,[15] while another offers a modification for the entire King Air line that entails reworking and extending the nose[19] to house a baggage compartment as well as the avionics normally found in the noses of King Air aircraft. Modifications available for the King Air 100 include a belly cargo pod similar to those fitted to the Beech 99 and the Model 1300 version of the King Air 200 series. [20]


Under a contract let and managed by Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR), a commercial company, Nomad Aviation, is responsible for performing the Avionics System Upgrade (ASU) and the incorporation of the Navy's Airframe Change (AFC) 021, which effectively removes and replaces all wiring aboard the aircraft. The Naval Air Systems Command, or NAVAIR is the part of the United States Navy which provides materiel support for naval aircraft and airborne weapon systems The ASU is comprised of an avionics package that These modifications are being performed on the entire fleet of 54 aircraft used to train multi-engine pilots at NAS Corpus Christi, TX. NAVAIR’s overall plan for the T-44 aircraft is to utilize the newly modified aircraft until the year 2025 which the Avionics System Upgrade (ASU) modifications play a key role. With new COTS and military-specific equipment that not only meet the newer demands of the FAA and the military for CNS/ATM, but also have a much higher mean-time between failure (MTBF), the avionics in the aircraft will allow the T-44 fleet to serve the Navy for at least another 20 years. From an instructor standpoint, the newly modified aircraft presents the student pilots with a much more realistic training platform, in that it will aid in a smoother transition from the training aircraft to aircraft they will encounter in the fleet that are already CNS/ATM compliant and are equipped with glass cockpits. All aircraft are scheduled to be completed by the middle of fiscal year 2011.

Operators

Military operators

US Army VC-6A, used by Wernher von Braun, displayed at White Sands Missile Range Museum
US Army VC-6A, used by Wernher von Braun, displayed at White Sands Missile Range Museum
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Eight C90A King Airs were operated by Bombardier on behalf of the Canadian Air Force. Wernher Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun (March 23 1912 &ndash June 16 1977 a German rocket physicist and astronautics engineer became one of the leading figures in White Sands Missile Range (WSMR is a Rocket range of almost area the largest military installation in the United States For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. Algeria ( ar [[Arabic]] الجزائر, Al Jaza'ir ælʤæˈzæːʔir Amazigh: ⴷⵥⴰⵢⴻⵔ Dzayer) officially the People's The Republic of Bolivia (República de Bolivia) named after Simón Bolívar, is a Landlocked country in central South America. Chile, officially the Republic of Chile ( Spanish:) is a country in South America occupying a long and narrow Coastal strip wedged between the Côte d'Ivoire (ˌkoʊt divˈwɑː(r ' in English, kot diˈvwaʀ in French) or Ivory Coast, officially the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire, is a For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Ecuador topics. Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία Guatemala (República de Guatemala) is a country in Central America bordered by Mexico to the north and west the Pacific Ocean to the southwest The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. Jamaica (ˈdʒəˈmeɪkə} is an Island nation of the Greater Antilles, in length and as much as in width situated in the Caribbean Sea. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Morocco (المغرب "al-Maghrib" officially the Kingdom of Morocco (المملكة المغربية is a country located in North Africa Peru (Perú Piruw Piruw officially the Republic of Peru ( reˈpuβlika del peˈɾu is a country in western South America. Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka ( Sinhalese:, இலங்கை known as Ceylon before 1972 is an Island Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United States Army is a military organization whose primary mission is to "provide necessary forces and capabilities. Venezuela (ˌvɛnəˈzweɪlə) officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Spanish República Bolivariana de Venezuela) is a country on the Uruguay.(official full name in República Oriental del Uruguay;, Oriental Republic of Uruguay) is a country located in the southeastern part of South America Bombardier Inc (bɔ̃baʁdje is a Canadian conglomerate, founded by Joseph-Armand Bombardier as L'Auto-Neige Bombardier Limitée in 1942 Mission AIRCOM is responsible for all aircraft operations in the Canadian Forces enforcing the security of Canada's airspace and providing aircraft for supporting the missions of These were used as multi-engine trainers and flew with Canadian civil registrations. All entered service in 1992[21] and were operated until 2005. That year a new contract was awarded to Allied Wings, a consortium of Kelowna Flightcraft, Canadian Helicopters Ltd, Canadian Base Operators and Atlantis Systems International, which uses seven civil-registered C90B King Airs[22][23]. Kelowna Flightcraft Ltd is an Approved Maintenance Organization (AMO which operates two Maintenance Repair and Overhaul (MRO facilities in Canada one in Kelowna British CHC Helicopter Corporation (sometimes known as Canadian Helicopter Corporation, Canadian Helicopters or Hélicoptères Canadiens) () is the world’s

Governmental operators

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The Department of Civil Aviation of Papua New Guinea operated a C90 King Air for a number of years, but now operates a Model 200 Super King Air. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page New Brunswick ( French: Nouveau-Brunswick /nuvobʁɔnzwik/ is one of Canada 's three Maritime provinces and is the only constitutionally The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Drug Enforcement Administration ( DEA) is a United States Department of Justice Law enforcement agency tasked with combating drug smuggling and The State of Arizona ( is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States. Florida ( is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States, bordering Alabama to the northwest and Georgia to the The State of Georgia ( is a state in the United States and was one of the original Thirteen Colonies that revolted against British rule Montana ( is a state in the Western United States. One-third of the state in the western part contains numerous mountain ranges (approximately 77 named of the northern New Mexico ( is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States of America. Ohio ( is a Midwestern state of the United States. As part of the Great Lakes region, Ohio has long been a cultural and geographical crossroads Tennessee ( is a state located in the Southern United States. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA, ˈnæsə is an agency of the United States government, responsible for the nation's public space program Papua New Guinea (or ˈpæpjuːə in Tok Pisin: Papua Niugini) officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is a country in Oceania

Civil operators

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The Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia previously operated a large number of 90 Series King Airs, but retired the last example in 2006, standardising on the King Air 200 Series and the Pilatus PC-12 for its fleet requirements. The Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia ( RFDS, informally known as The Flying Doctors) is an Air ambulance service for those living in the remote inland WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Two of the former RFDS C90 King Airs are now operated by the New Tribes Mission in Papua New Guinea. New Tribes Mission (NTM is an international theologically evangelical Christian mission organization based in Sanford Florida.

Variants

A total of almost 3,100 King Air 90 and 100 series aircraft have been delivered as of October 2007:[26]

"Proof-of-concept" test aircraft; one built (c/no. LG-1).
Prototypes and first production model; 112 built (c/nos. LJ-1 to LJ-113, except LJ-76).
206 built (c/nos. LJ-76, LJ-114 to LJ-317; includes c/no. LJ-178A), one (c/no. LJ-153) to US Army as VC-6A.
Based on the Model 87; 141 built and delivered to the US Army (c/nos. LM-1 to LM-141).
Based on the Model 87; three built and delivered to the US Army (c/nos. LS-1 to LS-3).
Based on the Model 87; two built and delivered to the US Army (c/nos. LT-1 and LT-2).
Based on the Model 87; 16 built and delivered to the US Army (c/nos. LU-1 to LU-16).
Third civil model; 184 built (c/nos. LJ-318 to LJ-501), one (c/no. LJ-320) to USAF as VC-6A.
507 built (c/nos. LJ-502 to LJ-1010, except LJ-986 and LJ-996).
54 built (c/nos. LJ-986 and LJ-996, LJ-1011 to LJ-1062).
Current production model (as of September 2007); at least 100 built[28] (c/nos. LJ-1754, LJ-1757 and after).
Manufactured concurrently with the C90; 347 built (c/nos. LW-1 to LW-347).
Prototype and production model with T-tail of the Super King Air; 203 built (c/nos. LA-1 to LA-204, except LA-202).
Follow-on from F90; 34 built (c/nos. LA-202, LA-205 to LA 237).
F90 prototype re-engined with Garrett TPE-331s in place of the Pratt & Whitney PT6s originally fitted, c/no. LA-1/LE-0.
Version manufactured for the US Navy; 61 built (c/nos. LL-1 to LL-61).
Prototype and first production "long fuselage" King Air version; 90 built (c/nos B-1 to B-89 and B-93).
157 built (c/nos B-90 to B-247, except B-93), prototype Model 100 c/no. B-1 also converted to A100 model in 1976, three years after introduction of A100 model. Five (c/nos. B-95 to B-99) to US Army as U-21Fs.
Prototype (converted from A100 c/no. B-205) plus production model, all with Garrett TPE-331 engines instead of Pratt & Whitney PT6s fitted to previous models; 137 built (c/nos BE-1/B-205, BE-2 to BE-137).
Beechcraft designation for first three production Model 200 Super King Airs delivered to the US Army (c/nos. BB-3 to BB-5).

Other information

The ICAO designator, such as might be used in a PIREP or a flight plan, for the various King Airs are BE90 (various model 90s), and BE10 (model 100). The International Civil Aviation Organization ( ICAO) an agency of the United Nations, codifies the principles and techniques of international air navigation A pilot report or PIREP is a report of actual Weather conditions encountered by an Aircraft in flight Flight plans are documents filed by pilots or a Flight Dispatcher with the local Civil Aviation Authority (e With the exception of the F90 and F90-1, all 90 Series King Airs have been produced under the same Type Certificate (Number 3A20) used for Queen Air production. [29] All 100 Series King Airs were produced under the same Type Certificate (Number A14CE) used for Model 99 production. [30]

Specifications

King Air C90GT

Specifications obtained from the FAA Type Certificate and the Hawker Beechcraft website[29][31] General characteristics

Performance


King Air B100

Specifications obtained from The International Directory of Civil Aircraft, 1997/98 Edition[32]. General characteristics

Performance


See also

Related development

Comparable aircraft

References

Notes

  1. ^ Beech King Air timeline retrieved 2007-09-20. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The Beechcraft Model 99 is a civilian aircraft produced by the Beech Aircraft Corporation (previously the Beechcraft Division of Raytheon and now a unit The Cessna Model 425 originally known as Corsair and later Conquest I, is a pressurized Turboprop Airplane certified for eight occupants The Cessna 441 Conquest II was the first Turboprop designed by Cessna and was meant to fill the gap between their jets and Piston -engined WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The Piper PA-31T Cheyenne is a Turboprop development of the earlier PA-31P Pressurized Navajo. The Embraer EMB 121 Xingu is a twin- Turboprop Fixed-wing aircraft built by the Brazilian aircraft manufacturer Embraer. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 451 - The Battle of Chalons takes place in North Eastern France.
  2. ^ Green, William. "Beech 65-90 King Air", The Observer's Book of Aircraft, 1965 Edition. Frederick Warne & Co. Ltd. , London. No ISBN, Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 57-4425.
  3. ^ R. W. Simpson, Airlife's General Aviation, Airlife Publishing, England, 1991, ISBN 1 85310 104 X, pp 47
  4. ^ R. W. Simpson, Airlife's General Aviation, Airlife Publishing, England, 1991, ISBN 1 85310 104 X, pp 47
  5. ^ A system fitted to many twin-engined propeller-driven aircraft, it matches propeller revolutions-per-minute and also "phases" the position of the blades of each propeller relative to the other, so the cabin noise is more even.
  6. ^ Hawker Beechcraft Press Release retrieved 2007-09-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 451 - The Battle of Chalons takes place in North Eastern France.
  7. ^ USAF FY1970 Serial Number list retrieved 3 September 2007.
  8. ^ Information derived from LAASdata online King Air 90 survivors database accessed 2007-09-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1000 - Battle of Svolder, Viking Age. 1379 - Treaty of Neuberg, splitting the Austrian
  9. ^ Information derived from conducting an online search of the US civil aircraft register using "LM-" (the serial number prefix for A90-1 aircraft). Search conducted 2007-09-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1000 - Battle of Svolder, Viking Age. 1379 - Treaty of Neuberg, splitting the Austrian
  10. ^ USAF FY1966 Serial Number list retrieved 2007-09-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 36 BC - In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompeius
  11. ^ Vendrasco, Stephanie, "Transforming the Pegasus"
  12. ^ Japan Maritime Defence Force Order of Battle accessed via this webpage, retrieved 2007-10-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 768 - Carloman I and Charlemagne are crowned Kings of The Franks.
  13. ^ Hawker Beechcraft Press Release retrieved 2007-10-09
  14. ^ A list of civil aircraft types used by the US military retrieved 2007-09-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 768 - Carloman I and Charlemagne are crowned Kings of The Franks. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 36 BC - In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompeius
  15. ^ a b A non-comprehensive list of STCs available for King Air series aircraft retrieved 2007-09-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 451 - The Battle of Chalons takes place in North Eastern France.
  16. ^ Silverhawk Conversions Home page retrieved 2008-02-07. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 457 - Leo I becomes emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 1074 - Battle of Montesarchio in which the Prince
  17. ^ Blackhawk Modifications Inc. Blackhawk XP page retrieved 2007-09-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 451 - The Battle of Chalons takes place in North Eastern France.
  18. ^ Kilo Alpha web page retrieved 2007-10-16. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 456 - Magister militum Ricimer defeats the Emperor Avitus at Piacenza and becomes master of the western
  19. ^ FAA STC No. SA00367SE retrieved 2007-09-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 451 - The Battle of Chalons takes place in North Eastern France.
  20. ^ Commuter Air Technology King Air 100 page retrieved 2007-09-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 451 - The Battle of Chalons takes place in North Eastern France.
  21. ^ List of civil-registered aircraft of the Canadian Armed Forces retrieved 2007-10-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 768 - Carloman I and Charlemagne are crowned Kings of The Franks.
  22. ^ Pugliese, David. "Taking Wing", retrieved 2007-10-31. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 445 BC – Ezra reads the Book of the Law to the Israelites in Jerusalem (see Nehemiah 91 NLTse
  23. ^ Canadian civil aircraft register search using "Allied Wings" as the Owner Name search parameter. Search conducted 2007-10-31. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 445 BC – Ezra reads the Book of the Law to the Israelites in Jerusalem (see Nehemiah 91 NLTse
  24. ^ Canadian civil aircraft register search using "Province of" as the Owner Name search parameter. Search conducted 2007-10-31. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 445 BC – Ezra reads the Book of the Law to the Israelites in Jerusalem (see Nehemiah 91 NLTse
  25. ^ US civil aircraft register search using "State of" as the Owner Name search parameter. Search conducted 2007-10-31. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 445 BC – Ezra reads the Book of the Law to the Israelites in Jerusalem (see Nehemiah 91 NLTse
  26. ^ Unless otherwise noted, all information here is obtained from Production Lists in the book Beechcraft - Pursuit of Perfection and the online Production Lists available at LAASdata.com
  27. ^ Due to disagreement between available online sources, it is impossible to determine the number of each sub-type built.
  28. ^ The last King Air C90GT built as of September 2007 is shown in the available online sources (LAASdata King Air 90 list and various nations' online civil aircraft Registers) as c/no. LJ-1871, however there is a gap for registered King Airs; c/nos. LJ-1857 to LJ-1870 are not listed. There is an online advertisement for King Air c/no. LJ-1862, describing it as a 2008 model C90GTi available for delivery in late 2007. This suggests that at least some of the aircraft between c/nos LJ-1857 and LJ-1870 have not yet been built (as of September 2007).
  29. ^ a b Queen Air and King Air 90 series Type Certificate Data Sheet retrieved 2007-09-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 451 - The Battle of Chalons takes place in North Eastern France.
  30. ^ Model 99 and King Air 100 series Type Certificate Data Sheet retrieved 2008-01-21. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1189 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade.
  31. ^ Hawker Beechcraft C90GTi Specifications retrieved 2007-09-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 451 - The Battle of Chalons takes place in North Eastern France.
  32. ^ Frawley, Gerald. The International Directory of Civil Aircraft, 1997/98 Edition. Aerospace Publications Pty. Ltd. Canberra ACT, 1997. ISBN 1 875671 26 9

Bibliography

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