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For other uses, see Beat.
See also: Break (music), metronome, and Rhythm

A beat is the basic time unit of a piece of music; for example, each tick sounded by a metronome would correspond to a beat. In Popular music a break is an Instrumental or percussion section or interlude during a song derived from or related to Stop-time &ndash being A metronome is any device that produces a regulated aural visual or tactile pulse to establish a steady Tempo in the performance of music Rhythm (from Greek ῥυθμός - rhythmos, "any measured flow or movement symmetry" is the variation of the length and accentuation of For other uses see Time (disambiguation Time is a component of a measuring system used to sequence events to compare the durations of UNIT ( U nited N ations I ntelligence T askforce later the UN ified I ntelligence T askforce is a fictional military Musical composition is an original piece of Music the structure of a musical piece the process of creating a new Music is an Art form in which the medium is Sound organized in Time. A metronome is any device that produces a regulated aural visual or tactile pulse to establish a steady Tempo in the performance of music More technically, "the beat is the pulse of the mensural level"[1], also known as the beat level[2], the metric level at which pulses are heard as the basic unit--"the denominator of the meter signature," admitting compound meters. In Music, a pulse or tactus is beat (a series of identical yet distinct periodic short-duration stimuli perceived as points in Time Meter or metre is a concept related to an underlying division of time characteristic of western music The time signature (also known as " meter signature" is a notational convention used in Western Musical notation to specify how many beats Depending on the context, beat may denote either

Much music is characterised by a sequence of stressed and unstressed beats (often called "strong" and "weak") organised into a meter and partially indicated by a time signature, the speed of which is determined by a tempo. In Music, syncopation includes a variety of Rhythms which are in some way unexpected in that they deviate from the strict succession of regularly spaced The time signature (also known as " meter signature" is a notational convention used in Western Musical notation to specify how many beats 2266-Tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl or TEMPO is the Chemical compound with the formula (CH23(CMe22NO In the context of a time signature, the term "beat" most often refers to the bottom number — so in 3/4, most people would consider the beat to be the 4; that is, a quarter-note, or crotchet. A quarter note (American or "German" terminology or crotchet (British or "classical" terminology is a note played for one quarter of the duration However, in 6/8 the dotted quarter note gets the beat rather than the eighth, for example. Musicians typically find that mentally counting a regular series of beats enables them to keep synchronised even if the music is not characterised by regular rhythm. A musician is a person who plays or writes Music. Musicians can be classified by their roles in creating or performing music An instrumentalist plays a Rhythm (from Greek ῥυθμός - rhythmos, "any measured flow or movement symmetry" is the variation of the length and accentuation of

Metric levels faster than the beat level are division levels, and slower levels are multiple levels. Meter or metre is a concept related to an underlying division of time characteristic of western music Meter or metre is a concept related to an underlying division of time characteristic of western music

A hyperbeat is one unit of hypermeter, generally a measure, as is to a hypermeasure what a beat is to a measure. Meter or metre is a concept related to an underlying division of time characteristic of western music In Musical notation, a bar or measure is a segment of time defined as a given number of beats of a given duration In Musical notation, a bar or measure is a segment of time defined as a given number of beats of a given duration [3]

The following types of beats may create more or less syncopation. In Music, syncopation includes a variety of Rhythms which are in some way unexpected in that they deviate from the strict succession of regularly spaced

Contents

Downbeat

Main article: Downbeat

The impulse that occurs at the beginning of a bar in measured music. In Music performance and Music theory, the downbeat is the first beat of a measure in Music, the impulse that occurs at the In Musical notation, a bar or measure is a segment of time defined as a given number of beats of a given duration [4] In music performance and music theory, the "downbeat" is the first beat of a measure in music. Music is an Art form in which the medium is Sound organized in Time. Music theory is the field of study that deals with the Mechanics of music and how Music works In Musical notation, a bar or measure is a segment of time defined as a given number of beats of a given duration Music is an Art form in which the medium is Sound organized in Time. It is named after the downward stroke of the director or conductor's baton at the start of each measure. A baton is a stick that is used by conductors primarily to indicate the musical beat of a piece through horizontal and vertical movements This differentiates it from the back beat on the even beats. In Music, back beat (also backbeat) is a term applied both to a specific style of Rhythmic Accentuation with accent on even

Upbeat

Main article: Upbeat

An Upbeat is an unaccented beat or beats that occur before the first beat of a following measure. Upbeat (Ger Auftakt 1 An unaccented beat or beats that occur before the first beat of the following measure. In Musical notation, a bar or measure is a segment of time defined as a given number of beats of a given duration This is also called anacrusis. In Poetry, anacrusis is the lead-in Syllables collectively that precede the first full measure In other words, this is an impulse in a measured rhythm that immediately precedes, and hence anticipates, the downbeat, which is the strongest of such impulses. Rhythm (from Greek ῥυθμός - rhythmos, "any measured flow or movement symmetry" is the variation of the length and accentuation of In Music performance and Music theory, the downbeat is the first beat of a measure in Music, the impulse that occurs at the It is also not only this, but also can be the last beat in a normal 4/4 bar where that bar precedes a new bar of music. [5]

Image:anacrusis-bwv736.png
Beginning of BWV736, with anacrusis in red. BWV is also the SIL code for the Language Bahau River Kenyah spoken in Borneo.

It is also an anticipatory note or succession of notes occurring before the first barline of a piece, sometimes referred to as an ‘upbeat figure’, section or phrase. An alternative expression for "upbeat figure" is "anacrusis" (from Greek. In Poetry, anacrusis is the lead-in Syllables collectively that precede the first full measure ana: "up towards" and krousis: "to strike"; Fr. anacrouse). This term was borrowed from poetry where it refers to one or more unstressed extrametrical syllables at the beginning of a line. A syllable ( Greek:) is a unit of organization for a sequence of speech sounds [5]

Back beat

Main article: Backbeat

In music a back beat (also called the backbeat) is a term applied to the beats 2 and 4 in a 4/4 bar or a 12/8 bar [6] as opposed to the odd downbeat, (quarter beat 1). In Music, back beat (also backbeat) is a term applied both to a specific style of Rhythmic Accentuation with accent on even Music is an Art form in which the medium is Sound organized in Time. In Music performance and Music theory, the downbeat is the first beat of a measure in Music, the impulse that occurs at the [4] That is, counting out a simple 4/4 rhythm, 1 2 3 4, the 1 beat is the down beat. If beat 4 immediately precedes a new bar it is also called an upbeat [5](see upbeat article for more information on what an upbeat is). Upbeat (Ger Auftakt 1 An unaccented beat or beats that occur before the first beat of the following measure. The up and down refer to movements of the conductor's baton.

Afterbeat refers to a percussion style where a strong accent is sounded on the second, third and fourth beats of the bar, following the downbeat. [7]

The effect can be easily simulated by repeatedly counting to four while alternating strong and weak beats:

The style emerged in the late 1940s in rhythm and blues recordings, and is one of the defining characteristics of rock and roll and is used in virtually all contemporary popular music, bossa nova being a notable exception. The 1940s decade ran from 1940 to 1949 Events and trends The 1940s was a period between the radical 1930s and the conservative 1950s which also leads the period to be Rock and roll (also known as rock 'n' roll) is a form of Music that evolved in the United States in the late 1940s and early 1950s with roots in mostly African Popular music is Music belonging to any of a number of musical styles that are accessible to the general public and are disseminated by one or more Bossa nova ( is a style of Brazilian music popularized by Antônio Carlos Jobim, Vinicius de Moraes and João Gilberto. Drummer Earl Palmer states the first record with nothing but back beat was "The Fat Man" by Fats Domino in 1949, which he played on. Earl Cyril Palmer ( October 25, 1924 - September 19, 2008) was an American Drummer and member of the Rock and Roll "The Fat Man" is a Rhythm and blues song by Fats Domino, considered to be one of the First rock and roll records The record was recorded Antoine Dominique "Fats" Domino (born February 26, 1928 in New Orleans Louisiana) is a classic R&B and Rock and roll Year 1949 ( MCMXLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Palmer says he adopted it from the final shout or out chorus common in Dixieland jazz. Dixieland or Dixie is a name for the southeastern portion of the USA; see Southern United States, Dixie.

While "The Fat Man" may have been the first Top 40 song with a back beat all the way through, urban contemporary gospel was stressing the back beat much earlier with hand-clapping and tambourine. The Top Forty or Top 40 is a music industry shorthand for the currently most-popular songs in a particular genre. Urban contemporary Gospel (sometimes marketed as "Black Gospel") is Music that is written to express either personal or a communal belief regarding The tambourine or Marine is a Musical instrument of the percussion family consisting of a frame often of wood or plastic with pairs of small metal jingles Other earlier examples of back beat include the final verse of "Grand Slam" by Benny Goodman in 1942. There is a hand-clapping back beat on "Roll 'Em Pete" by Pete Johnson and Big Joe Turner, recorded in 1938. "Roll 'Em Pete" is a Rhythm and blues song originally recorded in 1938 by Big Joe Turner and pianist Pete Johnson. Peter (Pete Johnson ( 24 March 1904 - 23 March 1967) was an American Jazz Pianist, best known as a leading For the Ice hockey player see Joe Turner Big Joe Turner (born Joseph Vernon Turner Jr

In Reggae music, the term One Drop reflects the complete de-emphasis (to the point of silence) of the first beat in the cycle. Reggae is a Music genre first developed in Jamaica in the late 1960s

Off-beat

The Off-beat is a musical term commonly applied to rhythms that emphasize the weak beats of a bar. According to Grove Music, the “Offbeat” is [often] where the downbeat is replaced by a rest or is tied over from the preceding bar". [7] The downbeat can never be the off-beat because it is the strongest beat in 4/4 time. In Music performance and Music theory, the downbeat is the first beat of a measure in Music, the impulse that occurs at the [8]

In music that progresses regularly in 4/4 time, the first beat of the bar is the strongest, the third is the next strongest, and the second and fourth are weaker; subdivisions (like eighth notes) of any of the beats are weaker than the main beats and if used frequently in a rhythm can make it off-beat. [7]

Certain genres in particular tend to emphasize the off-beat. This emphasis is a defining characteristic of Ska music and its successors. Ska ( pronounced /ska/ or in Jamaican Patois /skja/ is a Music genre that originated in Jamaica in the late 1950s and which was the precursor

In terms of dancing games (such as Dance Dance Revolution and In the Groove), offbeat notes are said to be off-sync, meaning that they do not fit in with the music. Dance Dance Revolution (abbreviated DDR) previously known as Dancing Stage in PAL territories until the announcement of In the Groove (abbreviated ITG) is the first game in the In the Groove franchise published and developed by However, some offbeat notes are needed, such as in the songs "Ska A Go Go" and "Incognito". These help follow the rhythm of the song, but can be difficult to step at times.

External links

References

  1. ^ Berry, Wallace (1976/1986). Structural Functions in Music, p. 349. ISBN 0-486-25384-8.
  2. ^ DeLone et al. (Eds. ) (1975). Aspects of Twentieth-Century Music, p. 213. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. ISBN 0-13-049346-5.
  3. ^ (2005) "Glossary. ", in in Deborah Stein (ed. ),: Engaging Music: Essays in Music Analysis. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-517010-5.  
  4. ^ a b [www. grovemusic. com Downbeat] (English). Grove Music Online (2007). Retrieved on 2007-02-10. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1355 - The St Scholastica's Day riot breaks out in Oxford, England, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead
  5. ^ a b c d e f DOGANTAN, MINE (2007). [www. grovemusic. com Upbeat] (English). Grove Music Online. Retrieved on 2007-02-10. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1355 - The St Scholastica's Day riot breaks out in Oxford, England, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead
  6. ^ [www. grovemusic. com Backbeat] (English). Grove Music Online (2007). Retrieved on 2007-02-10. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1355 - The St Scholastica's Day riot breaks out in Oxford, England, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead
  7. ^ a b c [www. grovemusic. com Beat: Accentuation. (i) Strong and weak beats. ] (English). Grove Music Online (2007). Retrieved on 2007-02-10. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1355 - The St Scholastica's Day riot breaks out in Oxford, England, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead
  8. ^ [www. grovemusic. com Off-beat] (English). Grove Music Online (2007). Retrieved on 2007-02-10. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1355 - The St Scholastica's Day riot breaks out in Oxford, England, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead
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