A bead is a small, decorative object that is pierced for threading or stringing. This article is about the fiber product For the type of joke see Shaggy dog story. Beads range in size from under a millimeter to over a centimeter or sometimes several centimeters in diameter. The Millimetre ( American spelling: millimeter, symbol mm) is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to A centimetre ( American spelling: centimeter, symbol cm) is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one hundredth Glass, plastic, and stone are probably the most common materials, but beads are also made from bone, horn, ivory, metal, shell, pearl, coral, gemstones, polymer clay, metal clay, resin, synthetic minerals, wood, ceramic, fiber, paper, and seeds. Glass in the common sense refers to a Hard, Brittle, transparent Solid, such as that used for Windows many Plastic is the general common term for a wide range of synthetic or semisynthetic organic solid materials suitable for the manufacture of industrial products In Geology, rock is a naturally occurring aggregate of Minerals and/or Mineraloids The Earth's outer solid layer the ‘ Lithosphere Bones are rigid organs that form part of the Endoskeleton of Vertebrates They function to move support and protect the various organs of the body produce A horn is a pointed projection of the Skin on the head of various Mammals consisting of a covering of horn ( Keratin and other Proteins Ivory is formed from Dentine and constitutes the bulk of the Teeth and Tusks of animals such as the Elephant, Hippopotamus, The M acro E xpansion T emplate A ttribute L anguage complements TAL, providing macros which allow the reuse of code across A pearl is a hard roundish object produced within the soft tissue (specifically the mantle) of a living shelled Mollusk. Precious coral or red coral is the common name given to Corallium rubrum and several related species of marine Coral. A gemstone or gem, also called a precious or semi-precious stone, is a piece of attractive Mineral, which &mdash when cut and polished &mdash Polymer clay is a sculptable material based on the Polymer Polyvinyl chloride ( PVC) Metal clay is a Clay -like medium used to make Jewelry, Beads and small sculpture Resin, not to be confused with Rosin, is a Hydrocarbon Secretion of many Plants particularly coniferous trees. A mineral is a naturally occurring substance formed through geological processes that has a characteristic chemical composition a highly ordered atomic structure and specific Wood is hard fibrous lignified structural tissue produced as secondary Xylem in the stems of Woody plants notably trees but also shrubs Pottery is the Ceramic ware made by potters It also refers to a group of materials that includes Earthenware, Stoneware Fiber or fibre is a class of Materials that are continuous filaments or are in discrete elongated pieces similar to lengths of thread. Paper is thin material mainly used for writing upon printing upon or packaging A seed (in some plants referred to as a kernel) is a small embryonic Plant enclosed in a covering called the seed coat usually with some stored A pair of beads made from Nassarius shells that are approximately 100,000 years old are thought to be the first known examples of jewellery. Nassarius, Common names nassa mud snails (USA or dog whelks (UK is a Genus of sea Snails marine Gastropod Molluscs Jewellery (also spelled jewelry, see spelling differences) is a personal Ornament, such as a necklace ring or bracelet made from Gemstones [1][2]
Beadwork is the craft of making things with beads. Beadwork is the art or craft of attaching Beads to one another or to cloth using a needle and thread A craft is a Skill, especially involving practical arts. It may refer to a Trade or particular art Beads can be woven together with specialized thread, strung onto thread or wire, or adhered to a surface (e. This article is about the fiber product For the type of joke see Shaggy dog story. A wire is a single usually cylindrical, elongated string of drawn Metal. g. fabric, clay). A textile is a flexible material comprised of a network of natural or artificial Fibres often referred to as thread or Yarn. Clay is a naturally occurring material composed primarily of fine-grained Minerals which show plasticity through a variable range of Water content, and
Types of beads
Types of decorative beads include:
- Bugle beads
- Chevron beads
- Cloisonné beads
- Dichroic beads
- Ethnic beads
- Faux natural beads
- Fire-polished beads
- Furnace glass beads
- Fused glass beads
- Fusible beads
- Lampwork beads
- Lead crystal beads
- Lucite beads
- Millefiori beads
- Pressed glass beads
- Seed beads
- Trade beads or Slave beads
- Vintage Beads
Chevron beads
Chevron Beads are special glass beads, originally made for trade in the New World and the slave trade in Africa by glassmakers in Italy as far back as the early 15th century. Chevron beads are special glass Beads the first Specimens of this type were created by glass bead makers in Venice and Murano, Italy Cloisonné, an ancient Metalworking technique is a multi-step enamel process used to produce Jewelry, Vases and other decorative items Dichroic glass is Glass containing multiple micro-layers of metal Oxides which give the glass Dichroic optical properties Fused glass is a term used to describe Glass that has been fired (heat-processed in a Kiln at a range of high temperatures from 593º C (1100ºF to 816º Lampworking is a type of glasswork that uses a gas fueled torch to melt rods and tubes of clear and colored glass Lead crystal (also called crystal) is Lead glass that has been hand- or machine-cut with facets Poly(methyl methacrylate ( PMMA) or poly(methyl 2-methylpropenoate is a Thermoplastic and transparent Plastic. Millefiori is a glasswork technique which produces distinctive decorative patterns on glassware Seed beads are uniformly shaped spheroidal Beads ranging in size from under a Millimetre to several millimetres Slave beads (often called Trade beads) were otherwise decorative Glass Beads used between the 16th and 20th century as a Currency to exchange Chevron beads are special glass Beads the first Specimens of this type were created by glass bead makers in Venice and Murano, Italy Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest They are composed of many consecutive layers of colored glass. Glass in the common sense refers to a Hard, Brittle, transparent Solid, such as that used for Windows many The initial core is formed in a star-shaped mold, and can have anywhere between five and fifteen points. The next layer of glass conforms to that star shape. Several layers of glass can be applied (typically four to seven layers), either star-shaped or smooth. After all layers have been applied, the glass is drawn out to the desired thickness and when cooled, cut into short segments showing the resulting star pattern at their ends. The ends can be ground to display the chevron pattern. Chevron beads are traditionally composed of red, blue, and white layers, but modern chevrons can be found in any color combination. Original beads made for trade to the New World and Africa were typically composed of green, white, blue and red layers.
Dichroic glass beads
Increasingly, dichroic glass is being used to produce high-end art beads. Dichroic redirects here For the filter see Dichroic filter. For the glass see Dichroic glass. Dichroic glass has a thin film of metal fused to the surface of the glass, resulting in a surface that has a metallic sheen that changes between two colors when viewed at different angles. Beads can be pressed, or made with traditional lampworking techniques. The metal coating used was originally developed by NASA for the space program. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA, ˈnæsə is an agency of the United States government, responsible for the nation's public space program
Ethnic beads
Other beads considered trade beads are those made in West Africa, by and for Africans, such as Mauritanian Kiffa beads, and Ghanaian and Nigerian powder glass beads . Cinnabar, sometimes written cinnabarite, is a name applied to red Mercury(II sulfide ( Hg[[sulfide S]] or native Vermilion, the common In a general sense lacquer is a clear or coloured Varnish, that dries by solvent evaporation and often a curing process as well that produces a hard durable finish in any Kiffabeadsjpg|thumb|left|String of Kiffa beads]] Kiffa beads are rare Powder glass beads named after the Mauritanian city of Kiffa, where French The earliest powder glass beads on record were discovered during archaeological excavations at Mapungubwe in present-day Zimbabwe, and dated to 970-1000 CE Other ethnic beads include Tibetan Dzi beads and African-made brass beads. Definitions of Tibet See also Definitions of Tibet Name In English The English word Tibet, like the word for Tibet in most European Dzi bead (pronounced Zee is a Bead stone of mysterious origin worn with a Necklace and sometimes Bracelet. Rudraksha beads are seeds that are customary in India for making Buddhist and Hindu rosaries (malas). Rudraksha (Sanskrit rudrākṣa) ("Rudra-eyed" is the name of the dark berries of Elaeocarpus ganitrus, used to make prayer beads (Sanskrit A Japa mala or mala (Sanskritsa माला mālā meaning Garland) is a set of Beads commonly used by Hindus and Buddhists Magatama are traditional Japanese beads, and cinnabar was often used for beads in China. Magatama (ja 勾玉 or ja 曲玉) are curved Beads which first appeared in Japan during the Jōmon period. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Cinnabar, sometimes written cinnabarite, is a name applied to red Mercury(II sulfide ( Hg[[sulfide S]] or native Vermilion, the common China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National
Faux natural beads
Often beads are made to look like a more expensive original material, especially in the case of fake pearls and simulated rocks, minerals, and gemstones. A pearl is a hard roundish object produced within the soft tissue (specifically the mantle) of a living shelled Mollusk. A mineral is a naturally occurring substance formed through geological processes that has a characteristic chemical composition a highly ordered atomic structure and specific A gemstone or gem, also called a precious or semi-precious stone, is a piece of attractive Mineral, which &mdash when cut and polished &mdash Precious metals and ivory are also imitated. Ivory is formed from Dentine and constitutes the bulk of the Teeth and Tusks of animals such as the Elephant, Hippopotamus,
Tagua nuts from South American are used as an ivory substitute since the natural ivory trade has been restricted worldwide.
Fire-polished beads
"Fire-polished" beads are faceted glass beads made in the Czech Republic. The Czech Republic ( ˈt͡ʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka short form in Česko ˈt͡ʃɛskɔ also called Czechia, They are faceted by machine and then drawn through ovens to make the surfaces molten, and thus shiny when the beads cool. This method of "polishing" is faster and cheaper than buffing and results in a reasonably attractive bead, though generally less perfect than buffed beads. Czech fire-polish beads are made in an area called Jablonec nad Nisou. Jablonec nad Nisou (ˈjablonɛts ˈnad ɲɪsoʊ̯ Gablonz an der Neiße is a town in northern Bohemia, the second largest town of the Liberec Region. Production of glass beads in the area dates back to the 14th century, though production was depressed under communist rule. They commonly come in sizes from 3 millimetres (0. 12 in) to 22 millimetres (0. 87 in).
Furnace glass beads
Furnace glass beads are a special type of art bead. They are made using traditional glassworking techniques from Italy that are more often used to make art glass objects. The manufacture of these beads requires a large glass furnace and annealing kiln.
Furnace glass beads, also called cane glass beads, are sliced from long glass rods, often decorated with stripes and other color, also known as canes.
Lampwork beads
Lampwork beads are made by using a torch to heat a rod of glass and spinning the resulting thread around a metal rod covered in bead release. Lampworking is a type of glasswork that uses a gas fueled torch to melt rods and tubes of clear and colored glass When the base bead has been formed, other colors of glass can be added to the surface to create many designs.
Lead crystal beads
Lead crystal beads (also known as machine cut crystal) are cut crystal beads made with hi-tech precise machinery. Swarovski is the luxury Brand name for the range of precision-cut Lead crystal Glass and related products produced by companies owned by Lead crystal (also called crystal) is Lead glass that has been hand- or machine-cut with facets Thanks to this state of the art machine cut processing the crystal items achieve outstanding geometry and excellent optical parameters. Many lead crystal beads are enhanced with surface coatings. Aurora Borealis, or AB, is a very common surface coating that diffuses light into a rainbow. Other common surface coatings are vitrail, moonlight, dorado, satin, star shine, heliotrope.
Swarovski along with Preciosa branded crystal beads are prized by jewelers and hobbyists. Swarovski is the luxury Brand name for the range of precision-cut Lead crystal Glass and related products produced by companies owned by In Materials science, a crystal is a Solid in which the constituent Atoms Molecules or Ions are packed in a regularly ordered repeating They are a high-lead content crystal although today production of lead-free crystal is common. Lead crystals have an incredible sparkle and clarity, and are often multi-faceted to resemble gemstones. Styles and colors go in and out of production, so vintage cuts and colors are often prized with a similarly associated price tag. Swarovski along with Preciosa bicones are the most popular crystal beads in sizes 4 mm and 6 mm. Other Czech companies such as PAS Jablonec make similar styles of crystal beads.
Lucite beads
Lucite is a term that commonly refers to many plastic beads. However, Lucite is one of the many name brands used to describe Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) or poly(methyl 2-methylpropenoate) the synthetic polymer of methyl methacrylate. Lucite methyl methacrylate polymer was among the first plastics derived from petrochemicals. DuPont chemists discovered Lucite® in 1931 while exploring the high-pressure technology developed for ammonia production. The polymer’s crystal-clear appearance and its strength were far superior to nitrocellulose-based plastics. Lucite was in heavy demand during World War II for use in windshields, nose cones, and gunner turrets for bombers and fighter planes. After the war, DuPont marketed it for use in a variety of decorative and functional uses, such as lamps, hairbrushes and jewelry.
Millefiori beads
The millefiori technique involves the production of glass canes or rods, known as murrine, with multicolored patterns which are viewable only from the cut ends of the cane. Millefiori is a glasswork technique which produces distinctive decorative patterns on glassware Millefiori beads are made of plain wound glass bead cores and thin slices of cut cane (murrine) which are being pressed into the bead surface, forming mosaic-like patterns, while the glass is still hot. Another name for Millefiori bead is mosaic bead.
Pressed glass beads
Pressed glass beads are formed by pressing the hot glass into mold to give the bead its shape. Often pressed beads are made using machines that stamp the shape from the molten glass. The shapes can have holes punched in virtually any direction. The Czech Republic is the primary producer of pressed beads, although India and China also produce significant amounts.
Seed beads
Seed beads are uniformly shaped spheroidal or tube shaped beads ranging in size from under a millimetre to several millimetres. Seed beads are uniformly shaped spheroidal Beads ranging in size from under a Millimetre to several millimetres The Millimetre ( American spelling: millimeter, symbol mm) is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to "Seed Bead" is a generic term for any small bead. Usually rounded in shape, seed beads are most commonly used for loom and off-loom bead weaving.
Trade beads or Slave beads
Trade beads are various types of beads made in Europe specifically to be used in the slave trade and other trading in Africa. Slave beads (often called Trade beads) were otherwise decorative Glass Beads used between the 16th and 20th century as a Currency to exchange Chevron beads are a specific, historically important type of trade bead. Africa was not the only outlet for these beads. As far back as Christopher Columbus' expeditions, these beads were traded to Native Americans for goods and slaves.
Vintage Beads
"Vintage", in the collectibles & antique market, is a term used to refer to an item that is 25 or more years old. This term and its meaning has been widely adopted in the bead industry as well. Vintage beads are available in a variety of materials including lucite, plastic, crystal, metal and glass.
Fusible beads
Sometimes called "melty beads" by young children, these small, plastic and colorful beads are placed on a peg array with a solid plastic backing to form pictures and designs and then melted together with a clothes iron. Ironing or smoothing is the work of using a heated tool or tools (an iron) to remove Wrinkles from fabric Fusible beads come in many different opaque colors, transparent colors and with sparkles (flakes inside the plastic) and peg boards come in various shapes (e. g. figures) and squares and rectangles.
See also
- Glass beadmaking
- Beadwork
- Abacus beads
References
Beck, Horace (1928) "Classification and Nomenclature of Beads and Pendants. The technology for glass beadmaking is among the oldest human arts dating back 30000 years (Dubin 1987 Beadwork is the art or craft of attaching Beads to one another or to cloth using a needle and thread An abacus, also called a counting frame, is a calculating tool used primarily by Asians for performing arithmetic processes " Archaeologia 77. (Reprinted by Shumway Publishers York, PA 1981)
Dictionary
bead
-noun
- (archaic) Prayer, later especially with a rosary. C9
- Each in a string of small balls making up the rosary or paternoster. C14
- A small round object with a hole to allow it to be threaded on a cord or wire. C15
- A small drop of water or other liquid. C16
-verb
- (intransitive) To form into a bead.
- (transitive) To apply beads to.
- (transitive) To form into a bead.
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