| Bayreuth | |
| Coat of arms | Location |
 |
  |
| Administration | |
| Country |  Germany |
|---|---|
| State | Bavaria |
| Admin. region | Upper Franconia |
| District | Urban district |
| Lord Mayor | Michael Hohl (CSU) |
| Basic statistics | |
| Area | 66. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Germany (Deutschland is a Federal Republic consisting of sixteen States, known in German as Länder (singular Bavaria ( German:, with an area of 70553 Km² (27241 square miles and almost 12 A Regierungsbezirk is a type of government region of Germany, a subdivision of certain federal states ( ''Bundesländer'') Upper Franconia (German Oberfranken) is a Regierungsbezirk (administrative region) of the state of Bavaria, southern Germany German districts (de ''Kreise'' or de ''Landkreise'' in the states of Nordrhein-Westfalen and Schleswig-Holstein, singular de ''Kreis'' and de ''Landreis'' This is a list of urban districts in Germany. Germany is divided into 429 districts (not to be confused with the larger Regierungsbezirk) these consist The Lord Mayor is the title of the Mayor of a major city with special recognition Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 92 km² (25. 8 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 340 m (1116 ft) |
| Population | 73,794 (31/12/2005) |
| - Density | 1,103 /km² (2,856 /sq mi) |
| Other information | |
| Time zone | CET/CEST (UTC+1/+2) |
| Licence plate | BT |
| Postal codes | 95401–95448 |
| Area codes | 0921, 09201, 09209 |
| Website | www.bayreuth.de |
Bayreuth (pronounced [baɪˈɾɔʏt]) is a city in northern Bavaria, Germany, on the Red Main river in a valley between the Frankish Alb and the Fichtelgebirge. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume Central European Time ( CET) is one of the names of the Time zone that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. Central European Summer Time ( CEST) is one of the names of UTC+2 Time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+1 is used in the following locations Central European Time West Africa Time Western European Summer Time UTC+2 corresponds to the following Time zones Eastern European Time Egypt Standard Time Central Africa Time German car number plates ( Kfz-Kennzeichen) show the place where the car carrying them is registered __FORCETOC__ Postal codes in Germany, Postleitzahl (plural Postleitzahlen abbreviated to PLZ consist of five digits which indicate the wider area (first two digits and the see also Telephone numbering in Germany for further codes including service numbers cell phones etc A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. German phonology describes the Phonology of Standard German. Since German is a Pluricentric language, there are a number of different pronunciations A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status Bavaria ( German:, with an area of 70553 Km² (27241 square miles and almost 12 Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The Main (maɪn is a River in Germany, 524 km (329 miles long (including White Main 574 km (357 mi and it is one of the more significant tributaries The Franconian Jura ( German "Fränkische Alb" "Fränkischer Jura" "Frankenalb" is an upland in Bavaria, Germany. The Fichtelgebirge is a Mountain range in northeastern Bavaria, Germany. It is the capital of Upper Franconia. Upper Franconia (German Oberfranken) is a Regierungsbezirk (administrative region) of the state of Bavaria, southern Germany Population: 74,392 (2004).
Contents |
History
The city is believed to have been founded by the Counts of Andechs on an unknown date in the Middle Ages and was first mentioned in 1194. For the nearby abbey see Andechs Abbey. Andechs is a municipality in the district of Starnberg in Bavaria The city centre still possesses the typical structure of a Bavarian street market: the settlement is grouped around a road widening into a square; the Town Hall was located in the middle. The church stood apart from it and on a small hill stood the castle. Some sixty years later the town (at that time a tiny village) became subordinate to the Hohenzollern state, and when this state was divided, Bayreuth belonged to the county of Kulmbach. Kulmbach is the capital of the district of Kulmbach in Bavaria in Germany. The city suffered several plagues and wars until in 1430 it was destroyed in the course of the Hussite Wars. The Hussite Wars, also called the Bohemian Wars involved the military actions against and amongst the followers of Jan Hus in Bohemia in the period 1420 In 1602 there was another plague, and fires damaged it in 1605 and 1621.
The turning point of the town's history was in 1603, when Margrave Christian of Kulmbach (Brandenburg-Kulmbach) decided to move his residence to Bayreuth. Christian Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth (b Cölln, 30 January 1581 – d Kulmbach is the capital of the district of Kulmbach in Bavaria in Germany. The Principality of Bayreuth (Fürstentum Bayreuth or Brandenburg-Bayreuth was a Reichsfrei Principality in the Holy Roman Empire The development of the new capital stagnated due to the Thirty Years' War, but afterwards many famous baroque buildings were added to the town. For the Mauritanian Thirty Years' War see Char Bouba war. For the band see The 30 Years War. Baroque art redirects here Please disambiguate such links to Baroque painting, Baroque sculpture, etc Christian died in 1655. His grandson Christian Ernst, who ruled from 1661 until 1712, was an educated and well-travelled man, whose tutor had been the statesman Joachim Friedrich von Blumenthal. Year 1712 ( MDCCXII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap Joachim Friedrich Von Blumenthal (1609 &ndash 1657 was a German nobleman, diplomat and the founder of the early Brandenburg-Prussian Army. He had built the fountain of the margraves and an equestral monument, placed at first in the courtyard of the Old Castle and now in the middle of the square in front of the New Castle. In 1701 the town of St. Georgen was founded, later absorbed into Bayreuth in 1811. Year 1811 ( MDCCCXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year
Bayreuth's Golden Age was that during the reign of Margravine Wilhelmine, the favourite sister of King Frederick II of Prussia. Friederike Sophie Wilhelmine (also spelt Wilhelmina', Princess of Prussia and Margravine of Bayreuth ( July 3, 1709 - October Frederick II (Friedrich II January 24 1712 August 17 1786) was a King of Prussia (1740&ndash1786 from the Several parks and castles were built which constitute much of Bayreuth's present appearance, together with the Opera of the Margraves, the most beautiful extant baroque theatre in Europe.
In 1769 the last margrave of the Principality of Bayreuth died without an heir, and the state was annexed by the neighbouring Principality of Ansbach. Year 1769 ( MDCCLXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The Principality of Bayreuth (Fürstentum Bayreuth or Brandenburg-Bayreuth was a Reichsfrei Principality in the Holy Roman Empire The Principality of Ansbach (Fürstentum Ansbach or Brandenburg-Ansbach was a Reichsfrei Principality in the Holy Roman Empire centered Bayreuth was no longer a state capital. Soon after it became Prussian (1792), French (1806) and finally Bavarian (1810). The Kingdom of Prussia (Königreich Preußen was a German kingdom from 1701 to 1918 and from 1871 was the leading state of the German Empire, comprising Year 1792 ( MDCCXCII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year The Empire of the French (1804-1814 also known as the Empire of France, Greater French Empire, First French Empire, French Empire, or Year 1806 ( MDCCCVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Bavaria ( German:, with an area of 70553 Km² (27241 square miles and almost 12 Year 1810 ( MDCCCX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year
In 1804, the author Jean Paul Richter moved from Coburg to Bayreuth until his death in 1825. Coburg is a town located on the Itz River in Bavaria, Germany
In 1872 the composer Richard Wagner moved to Bayreuth. Year 1872 ( MDCCCLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year For the connection between Wagner and the town, see below.
Later Bayreuth became a scene of the Nazi ideology. Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German Nazi leaders often visited the Wagner festival and tried to turn Bayreuth into a Nazi model town. It was one of several cities in which town planning was administered directly from Berlin, due to Hitler's special interest in the town and in the festival. Hitler loved the music of Richard Wagner, and he became a close friend to Winifred Wagner after she took over the Bayreuth Festival. Winifred Wagner ( June 23, 1897 - March 5, 1980) was an Englishwoman and wife of Siegfried Wagner, Richard Wagner 's son The Bayreuth Festival is a music festival held annually in Bayreuth, Germany, at which performances of Operas by the 19th century German composer Hitler frequently attended Wagner performances in the Bayreuth Festspielhaus. Bayreuthfestjpg|thumb|350px|right|Bayreuth Festspielhaus as seen in 1882
During World War II, a subcamp of Flossenburg concentration camp was located here. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Flossenbürg was a Nazi concentration camp built in May 1938 by the Schutzstaffel (SS Economic-Administrative Main Office at Flossenbürg, in the [1] Bayreuth was heavily bombed at the end of World War II. One third of the city was destroyed and about a thousand people died.
After the war Bayreuth tried to part with its ill-fated past. The Wagner festival started again in 1951. Year 1951 ( MCMLI) was a Common year starting on Monday. Events of 1951 January In 1975 the University of Bayreuth was founded and largely contributed to the further growth of the town. Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Founded in 1975 the University of Bayreuth is one of the youngest universities in Germany In 1999 the world gliding championship took place at Bayreuth municipal airport.
Richard Wagner and Bayreuth
The city is best known for its association with the composer Richard Wagner, who lived in Bayreuth from 1872 until his death in 1883. Year 1872 ( MDCCCLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Year 1883 ( MDCCCLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Wagner's villa, "Wahnfried", was constructed in Bayreuth under the sponsorship of King Ludwig II of Bavaria, and was converted after World War II into a Wagner Museum. Ludwig Friedrich Wilhelm II King of Bavaria ( August 25, 1845 &ndash June 13, 1886) was king of Bavaria from 1864 until shortly To the north of Bayreuth is the Bayreuth Festspielhaus, an opera house specially constructed for and exclusively devoted to the performance of Wagner's operas. Bayreuthfestjpg|thumb|350px|right|Bayreuth Festspielhaus as seen in 1882 An opera house is a theater building used for Opera performances that consists of a stage an orchestra pit audience seating and backstage facilities for costumes Opera is an art form in which Singers and Musicians perform a Dramatic work (called an opera which combines a text (called a Libretto The premieres of the final two works of Wagner's Ring Cycle; of the cycle as a whole; and of Parsifal took place here. Der Ring des Nibelungen ( The Ring of the Nibelung) is a cycle of four epic Music dramas by the German composer Parsifal is an Opera, or Music drama, in three acts by Richard Wagner.
Every summer, Wagner's operas are performed at the Festspielhaus during the month-long Richard Wagner Festival, commonly known as the Bayreuth Festival. The Bayreuth Festival is a music festival held annually in Bayreuth, Germany, at which performances of Operas by the 19th century German composer The Festival draws thousands of attendees each year, and has consistently been sold-out since its inauguration in 1876. Year 1876 ( MDCCCLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Currently, waiting lists for tickets can stretch for up to 10 years or more.
Owing to Wagner's relationship with the then unknown philosopher, Friedrich Nietzsche, the first Bayreuth festival is situated as a key turning point in Nietzsche's philosophical development. Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (October 15 1844 August 25 1900 ( was a nineteenth-century German philosopher and classical philologist Though at first an enthusiastic champion of Wagner's music, Nietzsche ultimately became hostile, viewing the festival and its revellers as symptom of cultural decay and bourgeoisie decadence -- an event which lead him to turn his eye upon the esteemed values of morality held by society as a whole. Nietzsche's book "Human, All-Too-Human" developed out of this experience, a summary of which appears in his late book, "Ecce Homo", and where many of these concerns are expounded upon in garrulous detail.
Main sights
- New Castle, seat of the margraves from 1753 on
- Bayreuth Festspielhaus
- Richard Wagner Museum (Villa Wahnfried)
- Jean-Paul Museum
- Franz Liszt Museum
- Margrave's Opera House, one of the finest Baroque theatres of Europe, built in the 18th century
- The German Masonic Museum
- The Goldener Anker hotel
- Baroque parks:
- park of Eremitage and Old Castle, former seat of the margraves, outside the inner town
- castle and park of Fantaisie, in the vicinity of Bayreuth
- park Sanspareil, about 30 km west of Bayreuth
City partnerships
The University of Bayreuth has a partnership with Washington and Lee University in Lexington, Virginia and routinely sends students back and forth as cultural exchange. Year 1753 ( MDCCLIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Bayreuthfestjpg|thumb|350px|right|Bayreuth Festspielhaus as seen in 1882 The Markgräfliches Opernhaus (Margrave's Opera House or Margravial Opera House is a Baroque Opera house in the town of Bayreuth in Germany Annecy ( Èneci / Ènneci in Arpitan language is a city in the Rhône-Alpes region in southeastern This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Rudolstadt is a Town in the German Bundesland of Thuringia, close to the Thuringian Forest to the southwest and to Jena Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. La Spezia ( Spèsa in the local dialect of Ligurian) is a city in the Liguria region of northern Italy, at the head of La Spezia Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest The Commonwealth of Virginia ( is an American state Washington and Lee University is a private liberal arts college in Lexington Virginia, USA Lexington is an Independent city within the confines of Rockbridge County in the Commonwealth of Virginia.
Famous people
- Princess Wilhelmine of Bayreuth (1709-1758)
- Johann David Schoepf (1752-1800), naturalist
- Jean Paul (1763-1825), writer
- Max Stirner, philosopher
- Richard Wagner (1813-1883), composer
- Fritz Rasp (1891-1976), actor
- Florian Mayer, tennis player
- Generalfeldmarschall Robert Ritter von Greim, soldier, aviator
Economy
Transportation
Bayreuth is serviced by Bindlacher Berg Airport. Friederike Sophie Wilhelmine (also spelt Wilhelmina', Princess of Prussia and Margravine of Bayreuth ( July 3, 1709 - October Year 1709 ( MDCCIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Year 1758 ( MDCCLVIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Johann David Schoepf or Schöpf ( March 8, 1752 - September 10, 1800) was a German Botanist, Zoologist Jean Paul ( 21 March, 1763 &mdash 14 November, 1825) born Johann Paul Friedrich Richter, was a German Writer, Year 1763 ( MDCCLXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Year 1825 ( MDCCCXXV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Johann Kaspar Schmidt ( October 25, 1806 – June 26, 1856) better known as Max Stirner (the Nom de plume Year 1813 ( MDCCCXIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1883 ( MDCCCLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Fritz Heinrich Rasp ( 13 May, 1891, Bayreuth – 30 November, 1976 Gräfelfing) was a German film actor Year 1891 ( MDCCCXCI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1976 ( MCMLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Florian Mayer (born October 5, 1983) is a professional male Tennis player from Germany. Robert Ritter von Greim (Robert Greim 22 June, 1892 &ndash 24 May, 1945) was a German Field Marshal, pilot Bindlacher Berg Airport or Flughafen Bindlacher Berg, also known as Bayreuth Airport or Flughafen Bayreuth, is an Airport
External links
- Official website (German)
- University of Bayreuth website (German)
References
- ^ Christine O'Keefe. Concentration Camps. www. tartanplace. com/tartanhistory/concentrationcamps. html
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