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Bayezid I
Ottoman Sultan
Reigned: Ottoman Period
Full name Bayezid I
Predecessor Murad I
Successor Interregnum
Reign 1389–1402

Bayezid I (Ottoman: بايزيد الأول, Turkish: Beyazıt, nicknamed Yıldırım (Ottoman: ییلدیرم), "the Thunderbolt"; 1354 – March 8, 1403, Akşehir, Turkey) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1389 to 1402. The Ottoman Dynasty (or the Imperial House of Osman) ( Turkish: Osmanlı Hanedanı) ruled the Ottoman Empire from 1299 to 1922 beginning with The rise of the Ottoman Empire is the period from the late thirteenth century to 1453 Murad I (nick-named Hüdavendigâr - from Khodāvandgār - "the God-like One" (I The Ottoman Interregnum (also known as the Ottoman Triumvirate; Fetret Devri in Turkish) was a period in the beginning of the 15th Ottoman Turkish (Osmanlıca or tr ''Osmanlı Türkçesi'' Ottoman Turkish ota-Latn ''lisân-ı Osmânî'' is the variety of the Turkish language that was used as the Turkish ( tr Türkçe IPA) is a language spoken by over 63 million people worldwide making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. Events 1618 - Johannes Kepler discovers the third law of planetary motion. Akşehir is a town and district of Konya Province in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey. Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches Sultan (سلطان is an Islamic title with several historical meanings The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish He was the son of Murad I who was of Turkish origin[1][2] and Gülçiçek Hatun who was of ethnic Greek descent. Murad I (nick-named Hüdavendigâr - from Khodāvandgār - "the God-like One" (I The Turkish people (Türk Halkı also known as " Turks " ( Türkler) are defined mainly as being speakers of Turkish as a First language The Greeks ( Greek: Έλληνες) are a Nation and Ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and neighbouring regions [1][3]

Contents

Consolidation of power

Bayezid ascended to the throne following the death of his father Murad I in the first Battle of Kosovo. Murad I (nick-named Hüdavendigâr - from Khodāvandgār - "the God-like One" (I This page is about the Battle of Kosovo of 1389; for other battles see Battle of Kosovo (disambiguation.

One year later, faced with a Hungarian threat from the North, the Serbs agreed to become his vassals and he took as a wife Olivera Despina, the daughter of Prince Lazar of Serbia, allying himself with Serbs, and enabling his offspring to claim Serbia as a dynastic privilege. Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic Stefan Lazar (Стефан Лазар Tzar Lazar Hrebeljanović ( Serbian Cyrillic: Кнез Лазар Хребељановић or Knez Lazar Serbia (Србија Srbija) officially the Republic of Serbia (Република Србија Republika Srbija) is a Landlocked Country He recognized Stefan Lazarević, the son of Lazar, as the new Serbian leader, with considerable autonomy. Stefan Lazarević ( Serbian Cyrillic: Стефан Лазаревић 1374 &ndash 19 July, 1427) was a Serbian Despot.

See also: Battle of Kosovo

Danubian campaign

In 1394 Bayezid crossed the Danube river attacking Wallachia, ruled at that time by Mircea the Elder. This page is about the Battle of Kosovo of 1389; for other battles see Battle of Kosovo (disambiguation. The Danube (In Donau from earlier Danuvius, Celtic *dānu, meaning "to flow run" Slovak and Polish Dunaj This article is about the region in what is now Southern Romania Mircea the Elder ( cel Bătrân; reigned 1386 – 1418 was one of the most important rulers of Wallachia. The Ottomans were superior in number, but on October 10, 1394 (17 May 1395 ?), in the Battle of Rovine, which featured a forested and swampy terrain, the Wallachians won the fierce battle and prevented Bayezid from conquering the country. Events 680 - Battle of Karbala: Shia Imam Husayn bin Ali, the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad, is decapitated Events 1521 - Edward Stafford 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for Treason. The Battle of Rovine was one of the most important Battles in the early medieval history of Romania. This article is about the region in what is now Southern Romania

See also: Battle of Rovine

The Crusade of Nicopolis

In 1394, Bayezid laid siege to Constantinople[4], the capital of the Byzantine Empire. The Battle of Rovine was one of the most important Battles in the early medieval history of Romania. Constantinople (Κωνσταντινούπολις Konstantinoúpolis, or gr ἡ Πόλις hē Polis, Latin: la CONSTANTINOPOLIS Anadoluhisarı fortress was built between 1393 and 1394 as part of preparations for the Second Ottoman Siege of Constantinople, which took place in 1395. Anadoluhisarı is a Fortress located in Istanbul, Turkey on the Anatolian ( Asian side of the Bosporus, which also gives On the urgings of the Byzantine emperor John V Palaeologus a new crusade was organized to defeat him. John V Palaiologos or Palaeologus ( Ιωάννης Ε' Παλαιολόγος, Iōannēs V Palaiologos) ( 18 June, 1332 &ndash The Crusades were a series of military campaigns of a religious character waged by much of Christian Europe against external and internal opponents This proved unsuccessful: in 1396 the Christian allies, under the leadership of the King of Hungary and future Holy Roman Emperor (in 1410) Sigismund, were defeated in the Battle of Nicopolis. Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings The Kingdom of Hungary (short form Hungary) was a considerable state in Central Europe that existed from 1001 to 1918 then from 1919 to 1946 The Holy Roman Emperor (Römischer Kaiser or Römisch-Deutscher Kaiser Romanorum Imperator was the elected monarch ruling over the many varying numbers of states For other nobles of the same name please see Sigismund. Sigismund ( February 14, 1368 – December 9, Bayezid built the magnificent Ulu Camii in Bursa, to celebrate this victory. Bursa (historically also known as Prussa, Greek: Προύσα and later as Brusa) is a city in northwestern Turkey and the seat

Thus, the siege of Constantinople continued, lasting until 1401. Constantinople (Κωνσταντινούπολις Konstantinoúpolis, or gr ἡ Πόλις hē Polis, Latin: la CONSTANTINOPOLIS The Emperor left the city to seek aid. The beleaguered Byzantines had their reprieve when Bayezid fought the Timurid Turks on the East. The Turkish people (Türk Halkı also known as " Turks " ( Türkler) are defined mainly as being speakers of Turkish as a First language

See also: Battle of Nicopolis

Tamerlane and the Battle of Ankara

Stanisław Chlebowski, Bayezid prisoned by Timur, 1878
Stanisław Chlebowski, Bayezid prisoned by Timur, 1878

In 1400, the Central Asian warlord Timur Lenk (or Tamerlane) had succeeded in rousing the local Turkic beyliks that had been vassals of the Ottomans to join him in his attack on Bayezid. Central Asia is a region of Asia from the Caspian Sea in the west to central China in the east and from southern Russia in the north to northern Pakistan in the south Timur also written Emir Timur or Amir Temur ( Chagatai: تیمور - Tēmōr " Iron " (1336 – 19 February 1405 among The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish In the fateful Battle of Ankara, on 20 July 1402, Bayezid was captured by Timur. The Battle of Ankara or Battle of Angora, fought on July 20 or July 28 1402 took place northeast of Ankara at the field of Çubuk Events 1304 - Wars of Scottish Independence: Fall of Stirling Castle - King Edward I of England takes the last rebel stronghold His sons, however, escaped, and fled to Serbia until Timur's death (see also Ottoman Interregnum). Serbia (Србија Srbija) officially the Republic of Serbia (Република Србија Republika Srbija) is a Landlocked Country Timur also written Emir Timur or Amir Temur ( Chagatai: تیمور - Tēmōr " Iron " (1336 – 19 February 1405 among The Ottoman Interregnum (also known as the Ottoman Triumvirate; Fetret Devri in Turkish) was a period in the beginning of the 15th Some contemporary reports claimed that Timur kept Bayezid chained in a cage as a trophy. Timur also written Emir Timur or Amir Temur ( Chagatai: تیمور - Tēmōr " Iron " (1336 – 19 February 1405 among Likewise, there are many stories about Bayezid's captivity, including one that describes how Timur used him as a footstool. Timur also written Emir Timur or Amir Temur ( Chagatai: تیمور - Tēmōr " Iron " (1336 – 19 February 1405 among A footstool is a piece of Furniture, the purpose of which is to support one's feet Another one describes how Timur made Bayezid's wife dance naked at his court. However, these accounts are thought to be false, as writers from Timur's court reported that Bayezid was treated well, and that Timur even mourned his death. Likewise, Timur's own history with other rulers demonstrated that he was true to his word when he later claimed to have aimed at re-establishing Bayezid on the Ottoman throne. One year later, Bayezid died — some accounts claim that he committed suicide by smashing his head against the iron bars of his cage. Others claimed that he had taken the poison concealed in his ring.

See also: Battle of Ankara

In Fiction

The defeat of Bayezid became a popular subject for later western writers, composers and painters. The Battle of Ankara or Battle of Angora, fought on July 20 or July 28 1402 took place northeast of Ankara at the field of Çubuk They revelled in the legend that he was taken by Tamerlane to Samarkand, and embellished it with a cast of characters to create an oriental fantasy that has maintained its appeal. Timur also written Emir Timur or Amir Temur ( Chagatai: تیمور - Tēmōr " Iron " (1336 – 19 February 1405 among Samarkand (Samarqand Самарқанд سمرقند UniPers: "Samarqand" is the second-largest city in Uzbekistan and the capital of Christopher Marlowe's play Tamburlane the Great was first performed in London in 1587, three years after the formal opening of the English-Ottoman trade relations when William Harborne sailed for Istanbul as agent of the Levant Company. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. William Harborne of Great Yarmouth, Norfolk (c1542–1617 was a diplomat businessman and English Ambassador to the Ottoman empire appointed by Queen Elizabeth Istanbul (historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see the other Names of Istanbul) is the largest city of Turkey In English trading history the Levant Company, or Turkey Company, was a Chartered company formed in 1581 after London merchants petitioned Queen In 1648 there appeared the play Le Gran Tamerlan et Bejezet by Jean Magnon, and in 1725 Handel's Tamerlano was first performed in London; Vivaldi's version of the story, Bayezid, was written in 1735. Year 1725 ( MDCCXXV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Tamerlano ( Tamerlane) (HWV 18 is an Opera in three acts with music by George Frideric Handel to an Italian text by Year 1735 ( MDCCXXXV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Magnon had given Bayezid and intriguing wife and daughter; the Handel and Vivaldi renditions included, as well as Tamerlane and Bayezid and his daughter, a prince of Byzantium and a princess of Trebizond (Trabzon) in a passionate and incredible love story. Trabzon ( Greek: Τραπεζούντα, Trapezounta) is a city on the Black Sea coast of north-eastern Turkey and the capital of A cycle of paintings in Schloss Eggenberg, near Graz in Austria, translated the theme to a different medium; this was completed in the 1670s shortly before the Ottoman army attacked the Habsburgs in central Europe. Schloss Eggenberg is an Austrian Brewery located in Vorchdorf, Upper Austria. Graz (etymologically from Slovene: Gradec IPA /gradeʦ/ "little castle" with a population of around 290000 as of 2008 (of which 252852 have principal Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich [5]

Marriages and Progeny

Marriages of Bayezid I:

Issue of Bayezid I:

Notes

  1. ^ a b The Nature of the Early Ottoman State, Heath W. Lowry, 2003 SUNY Press, p. 153
  2. ^ The Fall of Constantinople, Steven Runciman, Cambridge University Press, p. 36
  3. ^ History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey, Stanford Jay Shaw, Cambridge University Press, p. 28
  4. ^ Mango, Cyril. The Oxford History of Byzantium. 1st ed. New York: Oxford UP, 2002. p. 273-4
  5. ^ C. Finkel, The History of the Ottoman Empire: Osman's Dream, pp. 30, 2006, Basic Books

References

See also

The only complete recording of this opera was released by Virgin Classics on May 10, 2005

External links

Bayezid I
Born: 1354 Died: March 8, 1403
Regnal titles
Preceded by
Murad I		 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
1389 – Mar 8, 1403		 Succeeded by
Mehmed I
Bajazet (pronounced bajazˌe; also called Il Tamerlano) is an Italian Opera composed by Antonio Vivaldi in 1735. The Ottoman Dynasty (or the Imperial House of Osman) ( Turkish: Osmanlı Hanedanı) ruled the Ottoman Empire from 1299 to 1922 beginning with Murad I (nick-named Hüdavendigâr - from Khodāvandgār - "the God-like One" (I The Ottoman Dynasty (or the Imperial House of Osman) ( Turkish: Osmanlı Hanedanı) ruled the Ottoman Empire from 1299 to 1922 beginning with Events 1618 - Johannes Kepler discovers the third law of planetary motion. Mehmed I Çelebi ( Ottoman: چلبی محمد IMehmet or Çelebi Mehmet) (1389 May 26 1421 Edirne, Turkey) was a sultan of the
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