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For other uses, see Bayer (disambiguation) or Beyer or buyer. For a name see Bayer or Beyer or Beyers. For the occupation in the fashion industry see Buyer (fashion.
Bayer AG
Type Public (ISIN: DE0005752000, TYO: 4863)
Founded 1863
Headquarters Leverkusen, Germany
Key people N/A
Industry Pharmaceutical
Revenue ▲ €32. A public company usually refers to a company that is permitted to offer its registered securities ( Stock, bonds, etc An International Securities Identifying Number (ISIN uniquely identifies a security. The, or TSE, located in Tokyo, Japan, is the second largest Stock exchange market in the world by market value second only to the New York Stock Leverkusen is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located on the eastern bank of the Rhine, half way between Cologne and Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. For other uses of this term see Industry (disambiguation An industry (from Latin industrius, "diligent industrious" In business revenue or revenues is Income that a company receives from its normal business activities usually from the sale of goods and services 385 bn (2007)
Employees 106 000 (31 Dec 2006)
Website www.bayer.com

Bayer AG (German, pronounced [ˈbaɪə]) (ISIN: DE0005752000, TYO: 4863) is a German chemical and pharmaceutical company founded in Barmen, Germany in 1863. Employment is a Contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages Aktiengesellschaft ('aktsiəngəzεlʃaft abbreviated AG) is a German term that refers to a Corporation that is limited by shares i An International Securities Identifying Number (ISIN uniquely identifies a security. The, or TSE, located in Tokyo, Japan, is the second largest Stock exchange market in the world by market value second only to the New York Stock Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The chemical industry comprises the companies that produce industrial chemicals Barmen is a municipal subdivision of the German city of Wuppertal. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Today it is headquartered in Leverkusen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Leverkusen is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located on the eastern bank of the Rhine, half way between Cologne and North Rhine-Westphalia (Nordrhein-Westfalen usually shortened to NRW, official short form NW is the westernmost and - in terms of population and economic output - the Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. It is well-known for its original brand of aspirin. Aspirin, or acetylsalicylic acid (ASA (əˌsɛtɨlsælɨˌsɪlɨk ˈæsɨd is a Salicylate drug, often used as an Analgesic to relieve Bayer is currently the third largest pharmaceutical company in the world.

Contents

About Bayer AG

In order to separate operational and strategic management, Bayer AG was reorganized into a holding company in December 2003. A holding company is a company that owns part all or a majority of other companies' outstanding Stock. The group's core businesses were transformed into limited companies, each controlled by Bayer AG. Aktiengesellschaft ('aktsiəngəzεlʃaft abbreviated AG) is a German term that refers to a Corporation that is limited by shares i These companies are: Bayer CropScience AG; Bayer HealthCare AG; Bayer MaterialScience AG and Bayer Chemicals AG, and the three service limited companies Bayer Technology Services GmbH, Bayer Business Services GmbH and Bayer Industry Services GmbH & Co. Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung ( GmbH) is a type of legal entity very common in Germany (where it was created in 1892 Austria OHG.

Following Bayer's successful reorganization, its chemicals activities (with the exception of H. C. Starck and Wolff Walsrode) were combined with certain components of the polymers segment to form the new company LANXESS. This change took place on July 1, 2004, with LANXESS to be listed on the stock exchange by the beginning of 2005. Bayer HealthCare's Diagnostics Division was acquired by Siemens Medical Solutions in January 2007.

Bayer AG shares are listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange, the London Stock Exchange and used to be listed on the New York Stock Exchange. The Frankfurt Stock Exchange ( FWB Frankfurter Wertpapierbörse) is a Stock exchange located in Frankfurt, Germany. The London Stock Exchange or LSE is a Stock exchange located in London, England. The New York Stock Exchange ( NYSE) is a Stock exchange based in New York City. On September 5, 2007, Bayer announced it intends to file for delisting of its American Depositary Shares (ADSs) from the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). An American Depositary Share ("ADS" is a vehicle for foreign corporations to list their ordinary equity on an American stock exchange such as the New York Stock Exchange The New York Stock Exchange ( NYSE) is a Stock exchange based in New York City. It is also planned to deregister with the U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and thereby terminate the respective reporting obligations. The US Securities and Exchange Commission (commonly known as the SEC) is an independent agency of the United States government which holds primary responsibility

Bayer is governed by a board of management, consisting of: Klaus Kühn, Wolfgang Plischke, Richard Pott, and [[Werner Wenning[[. [1]

In 2004 Bayer HealthCare AG acquired the OTC Pharmaceutical Division of Roche Pharmaceuticals.

On March 13, 2006, Merck KGaA announced a €14. 6bn bid for Schering AG. Merck's takeover bid was surpassed by Bayer's (successful) $19. 5bn white-knight bid for Schering on March 23, 2006.

On March 11, 2008, Bayer HealthCare announced an agreement to acquire the portfolio and OTC division of privately owned Sagmel, Inc. , a US-based company that markets over-the-counter medications in most of the Commonwealth of Independent States countries such as Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Belarus, and others. This deal is aimed at boosting Bayer HealthCare sales and market share in the above-mentioned region and expected to be finished by the end of 2008. [1][2]

Logo

The company's corporate logo, the Bayer cross, was introduced in 1904. It consists of the horizontal word "BAYER" crossed with the vertical word "BAYER", both words sharing the "Y", and enclosed in a circle. An illuminated version of the logo lights up the skyline of Leverkusen, where Bayer is headquartered. The Bayer Cross Leverkusen is the largest illuminated Advertisement in the world Leverkusen is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located on the eastern bank of the Rhine, half way between Cologne and Installed in 1958, this is the largest illuminated advertisement in the world.

History

Advertisement for Aspirin, Heroin, Lycetol, Salophen
Advertisement for Aspirin, Heroin, Lycetol, Salophen

Bayer AG was founded in Barmen (today a part of Wuppertal), Germany in 1863 by Friedrich Bayer and his partner, Johann Friedrich Weskott. Heroin ( INN: diacetylmorphine, BAN: diamorphine) is a semi-synthetic opioid synthesized from Morphine, a derivative Barmen is a municipal subdivision of the German city of Wuppertal. ||-||} Wuppertal (ˈvʊpɐtaːl is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. This article is about the founder of the pharmaceutical company Bayer, for the Nobel Prize winning German chemist please see Adolf von Baeyer

Bayer's first major product was acetylsalicylic acid (originally discovered by French chemist Charles Frederic Gerhardt in 1853), a modification of salicylic acid or salicin, a folk remedy found in the bark of the willow. Aspirin, or acetylsalicylic acid (ASA (əˌsɛtɨlsælɨˌsɪlɨk ˈæsɨd is a Salicylate drug, often used as an Analgesic to relieve Salicylic acid (from the Latin word for the willow tree Salix, from whose bark it can be obtained is a Beta hydroxy acid (BHA with the formula Salicin (C13H18O7 is an alcoholic β- Glycoside that contains D-glucose. A home remedy is a treatment to cure a Disease or ailment that employs certain spices vegetables or other common items Bark, also known as periderm is the outermost layer of stems and Roots of Woody plants such as Trees It overlays the Wood and consists Willows, sallows and osiers form the Genus Salix, around 400 species of Deciduous Trees and Shrubs found primarily By 1899, Bayer's trademark Aspirin was registered worldwide for Bayer's brand of acetylsalicylic acid, but because of the confiscation of Bayer's US assets and trademarks during World War I by the United States and the subsequent widespread usage of the word to describe all brands of the compound, "Aspirin" lost its trademark status in the United States and some other countries. A trademark or trade mark, represented by the symbols ™ and ®, or mark is a distinctive sign or indicator used by an individual Aspirin, or acetylsalicylic acid (ASA (əˌsɛtɨlsælɨˌsɪlɨk ˈæsɨd is a Salicylate drug, often used as an Analgesic to relieve World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All The United States of America —commonly referred to as the It is now widely used in the US for all brands of the drug. However in some other countries, such as Canada, Mexico, Germany, and Switzerland it is still a registered trademark of Bayer. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation

In 1904, Bayer introduced the Bayer cross as its corporate logo. Because Bayer's aspirin was sold through pharmacists and doctors only, and the company could not put their own packaging on the drug, the Bayer cross was imprinted on the actual tablets, so that customers would associate Bayer with its aspirin. Aspirin, or acetylsalicylic acid (ASA (əˌsɛtɨlsælɨˌsɪlɨk ˈæsɨd is a Salicylate drug, often used as an Analgesic to relieve

As part of the reparations after World War I, Bayer had its assets, including rights to its name and trademarks, confiscated in the United States, Canada, and several other countries. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All A trademark or trade mark, represented by the symbols ™ and ®, or mark is a distinctive sign or indicator used by an individual The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page In the United States and Canada, Bayer's assets and trademarks were acquired by Sterling Drug, a predecessor of Sterling Winthrop. Sterling Drug was a global pharmaceutical company based in the United States later known as Sterling-Winthrop Inc

Bayer became part of IG Farben, a conglomerate of German chemical industries which formed the financial core of the Nazi regime. IG Farben (short for Interessen-Gemeinschaft Farbenindustrie AG, "syndicate of dyestuff corporations" and also called I IG Farben owned 42. 5% of the company that manufactured Zyklon B, a chemical used in the gas chambers of Auschwitz. Zyklon B (tsykloːn ˈbeː also spelled Cyclon B or "Auschwitz" redirects here For the town see Oświęcim Auschwitz-Birkenau () was the largest of Nazi Germany During World War II the company extensively used slave labour in factories attached to German concentration camps, notably the sub-camps of the Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp[3]. As a social-economic system slavery is a legal institution under which a Person (called "a slave" is compelled to work for another See also List of Nazi-German concentration camps, Extermination camp Prior to and during World War II, Nazi Germany under Hitler maintained Mauthausen Concentration Camp (known from the summer of 1940 as Mauthausen-Gusen Concentration Camp) grew to become a large group of Nazi concentration camps When the Allies split IG Farben after World War II for involvement in several Nazi war crimes, Bayer reappeared as an individual business. In general allies are people groups or nations that have joined together in an association for mutual benefit or to achieve some common purpose World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including War crimes are "violations of the laws or customs of war" including but not limited to "murder the ill-treatment or deportation of civilian residents of an occupied Bayer executive Fritz ter Meer, sentenced to seven years in prison by the Nuremberg War Crimes Tribunal, was made head of the supervisory board of Bayer in 1956, after his release. Fritz ter Meer ( July 4 1884 &ndash October 27 1967) was a German chemist http://www.ahrp.org/infomail/05/01/27a.php

In 1978, Bayer purchased Miles Laboratories and its subsidiaries Miles Canada and Cutter Laboratories (along with a product line including Alka-Seltzer, Flintstones Vitamins and One-A-Day Vitamins, and Cutter insect repellent). Miles Laboratories was founded as the Dr Miles Medical Company in Elkhart, Indiana, in 1884 by Franklin Miles, a specialist in the treatment Cutter Laboratories was a Pharmaceutical company located in Berkeley California. Alka-Seltzer is a name owned by the German Bayer Corporation for a line of Medications sold over the counter and taken by means of rapidly Flintstones Chewable Vitamins are supplemental Multivitamins for children based on the animated Sitcom The Flintstones. An insect repellent is a substance applied to skin clothing or other surfaces which discourages Insects (and Arthropods in general from landing or climbing on that In 1994, Bayer AG purchased Sterling Winthrop's over the counter drug business from SmithKline Beecham and merged it with Miles Laboratories, thereby reacquiring the U. Over-the-counter (OTC drugs are medicines that may be sold without a prescription, in contrast to Prescription drugs The name "over-the-counter" S. trademark rights to "Bayer" and the Bayer cross.

Bayer Heroin bottle
Bayer Heroin bottle

Bayer has discovered, among others:

Operations

Bayer Animal Health

Bayer HealthCare's Animal Health Division is the maker of Advantage Multi (imidacloprid + moxidectin) Topical Solution for dogs and cats, Advantage flea control for cats and dogs and K9 Advantix, a flea, tick, and mosquito control product for dogs. Advantage Multi, K9 Advantix and Advantage are trademarks of Bayer. The division is a worldwide leader in parasite control and prescription pharmaceuticals for dogs, cats, horses, and cattle. North American operation for the Animal Health Division are headquartered in Shawnee, Kansas. Bayer Animal Health is a division of Bayer HealthCare LLC, one of the world's leading healthcare companies.

Bayer CropScience

In 2002 Bayer AG acquired Aventis CropScience and fused it with their own agrochemicals division (Bayer Pflanzenschutz or "Crop Protection") to form Bayer CropScience. Aventis was a pharmaceutical and lab assay testing company It was formed in 1999 when Rhône-Poulenc S The company is now one of the world's leading innovative crop science companies in the areas of crop protection (i. Agriculture refers to the production of goods through the growing of plants and fungi and the raising of domesticated Animals The study of agriculture e. pesticides), non-agricultural pest control, seeds and plant biotechnology. A pesticide is a substance or mixture of substances used to kill a pest. Agriculture refers to the production of goods through the growing of plants and fungi and the raising of domesticated Animals The study of agriculture A pest is an organism which has characteristics that are regarded by Humans as injurious or unwanted A seed (in some plants referred to as a kernel) is a small embryonic Plant enclosed in a covering called the seed coat usually with some stored Plants are living Organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae. Biotechnology is Technology based on Biology, especially when used in Agriculture, Food science, and Medicine. In addition to conventional agrochemical business it is involved in genetic engineering of food. Genetically modified (GM foods are food items that have had their DNA changed through Genetic engineering. The Belgian biotech company Plant Genetic Systems, became part of the company by the acquisition of Aventis CropScience. The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those Plant Genetic Systems ( PGS) since 2002 part of Bayer CropScience, is a biotech company located in Ghent, Belgium.


Bayer 04 Leverkusen

In 1904, the company founded the sports club TuS 04 ("Turn- und Spielverein der Farbenfabriken vorm. Friedr. Bayer & Co. "), later SV Bayer 04 ("Sportvereinigung Bayer 04 Leverkusen"), finally becoming TSV Bayer 04 Leverkusen ("Turn- und Sportverein") in 1984, generally however known simply as Bayer 04 Leverkusen. Bayer 04 Leverkusen Fußball is a German football club based in Leverkusen, North Rhine-Westphalia. The club is best known for its soccer team, but has been involved in many other sports, including athletics, fencing, team handball, volleyball, boxing, and basketball. TSV Bayer 04 Leverkusen is one of the largest sports clubs in Germany. The company also supports similar clubs at other company sites, including Dormagen (particularly handball), Wuppertal (particularly volleyball), and Krefeld-Uerdingen. [2]

However, due to cost factors, the company has decided to cut back its sponsoring of its top sports teams in most areas. The sponsoring agreements with first and second-division teams in basketball, team handball, and volleyball, as well as in olympic-level athletics and fencing, will be terminated in 2008 or 2010. Despite their many successes (multiple German national championships as well as numerous Olympic medals), they are not considered to be valuable enough as a marketing tool in terms of their cost-to-benefit ratio. Only the very "telegenic" football (soccer) team, whose marketing value is very high due the exposure in the media and the popularity of the sport itself, will continue to be supported as in the past. General sponsoring of sport for youth and for handicapped people will also be continued as in the past. [3]

Controversies

Aspirin discoverer

In his book Aspirin: The Story of a Wonder Drug, by Diarmuid Jeffreys, Mr. Aspirin, or acetylsalicylic acid (ASA (əˌsɛtɨlsælɨˌsɪlɨk ˈæsɨd is a Salicylate drug, often used as an Analgesic to relieve Jeffreys states that:

― Bayer AG sponsored the experiments of Nazi Dr. Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German Josef Mengele. Dr Josef Mengele ( March 16, 1911 – February 7, 1979) was a German SS officer and a Physician in the In 1956 Fritz ter Meer became chairman of Bayer after having been sentenced at the Nuremberg trials to seven years' imprisonment for his part in carrying out experiments on human subjects at Auschwitz. The Nuremberg Trials were a series of trials most notable for the prosecution of prominent members of the political military and economic leadership of Nazi Germany after "Auschwitz" redirects here For the town see Oświęcim Auschwitz-Birkenau () was the largest of Nazi Germany
― The Bayer chemist who first found an aspirin formulation which was tolerable in the human stomach and did not have the unpleasant side effects of nausea and gastric pain was Arthur Eichengrün . Aspirin, or acetylsalicylic acid (ASA (əˌsɛtɨlsælɨˌsɪlɨk ˈæsɨd is a Salicylate drug, often used as an Analgesic to relieve Human beings, humans or man (Origin 1590–1600 L homō man OL hemō the earthly one (see Humus In Human anatomy, the stomach is a J-shaped hollow muscular organ of the Gastrointestinal tract involved in the second phase of Digestion, following Side Effect were an influential Disco band that recorded between 1972 and 1995 Nausea ( Latin: Nausea, Greek:, " Sea-sickness " also called wamble) is the sensation of unease and discomfort In Human anatomy, the stomach is a J-shaped hollow muscular organ of the Gastrointestinal tract involved in the second phase of Digestion, following Pain, in the sense of physical pain, is a typical sensory experience that may be described as the unpleasant awareness of a noxious stimulus or bodily harm Arthur Eichengrün ( August 13, 1867 - December 23, 1949) was a German chemist best known through a controversy about who invented He also invented the name aspirin and was the first person to use the new formulation to test its safety and efficacy. However, Eichengrün was excluded from the official version of Bayer's history in 1934 because of his Jewish origin. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ Instead, it was claimed by Bayer that aspirin was "discovered" by an "Aryan" scientist, Felix Hoffman, to alleviate the sufferings of his rheumatic father. Aryan is an English word derived from the Sanskrit " Ārya " meaning "noble" or "honorable" Felix Hoffmann ( January 21, 1868 &ndash February 8, 1946) was a German Chemist, who first synthesized medically useful Rheumatology is a sub-specialty in Internal medicine and Pediatrics, devoted to the Diagnosis and therapy of Rheumatic diseases. Surprisingly, Bayer AG is still perpetuating this myth.

Mr. Jeffreys' claims are widely reflected in other publications and official records such as:

[4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9]

although they are also disputed in other publications, such as:

[10]

Notwithstanding the sensitive nature of this issue, it has also been widely documented that the compound was successfully synthesized by various other scientists or groups thereof in the years between 1848-1869, long before Bayer's claims. This fact led to various patent litigations in the early 20th century. [4]

Liberty Link Rice

In August 2006, it became apparent that the United States rice crop had been contaminated with unapproved genetically engineered Bayer CropScience rice as undisclosed amounts were found in commercial rice supplies. [5] According to Greenpeace, 63% of exports were affected by the contamination, and the illegal rice was found in over 30 countries.

More specifically, the genetically engineered rice has an herbicide-resistance trait. These forms of rice are commonly referred to amongst US rice growers as, Liberty Link Rice 601 or LL 601.

There are approximately 100 varieties of rice produced primarily in the following six states: Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, and California.

It is estimated that the US rice crop is valued at approximately $1. 88 billion annually. In 2005, approximately 80% of the rice exported from the US was of the long grain variety. Unfortunately, the long grain variety is also the rice which has been contaminated.

Imidacloprid

Main article: Imidacloprid effects on bee population

Bayer AG is involved in an ongoing controversy with French and Nova Scotian beekeepers over claimed pesticide kills of honeybees from its seed treatment insecticide imidacloprid. Imidacloprid is a systemic Insecticide produced by the chemical firm Bayer AG. Nova Scotia (ˌnəʊvəˈskəʊʃə ( Latin for New Scotland; Alba Nuadh Nouvelle-Écosse is a Canadian province located on Canada 's A beekeeper is a person who keeps Honey bees for the purposes of securing commodities such as Honey, Beeswax, Pollen; pollinating Diseases of the honey bee include Pests and parasites Varroa mites See also Varroa destructor Varroa destructor and This article refers collectively to all true honey bees for the "common" domesticated honey bee see European honey bee Honey bees Imidacloprid is a neonicotinoid, which is a class of neuro-active insecticides modeled after nicotine France has since issued a provisional ban on the use of Imidacloprid for corn seed treatment pending further action. A consortium of U. S. beekeepers has also filed a civil suit against Bayer CropScience for alleged losses.

Congo Civil War

Austrian journalist Klaus Werner alleged in his Black Book on Brand Companies, that the Bayer subsidiary H. C. Starck financed the civil war in the Democratic Republic of Congo by trading illegally with the mineral coltan. The Democratic Republic of the Congo (République démocratique du Congo often referred to as DR Congo, DRC or RDC, and formerly known or referred to Coltan is the colloquial African name for Columbite - Tantalite, a metallic Ore from which is extracted the elements Niobium and The allegations were also confirmed by a U.N. panel of experts. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security Bayer alleged that since 2001 it didn't trade any more with congolese coltan, but never proved where their resources came from. [6]

AIDS infested Blood Products

Main article: Contaminated haemophilia blood products

A cite from http://www.haemophilia-litigation.com/, access date 31. During the late 1970s and early 1980s large numbers of Hemophiliacs throughout the world became infected with HIV after receiving tainted clotting substances made by Armour 05. 2006:

"After 1978, there were four major companies in the United States engaged in the manufacture, production and sale of Factor VIII and IX: Armour Pharmaceutical Company, Bayer Corporation and its Cutter Biological division, Baxter Healthcare and its Hyland Pharmaceutical division and Alpha Therapeutic Corporation, which have been or are defendants in certain lawsuits. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Factor VIII (FVIII is an essential Clotting factor A deficiency of FVIII causes Hemophilia A, a bleeding disorder Baxter International Inc ( is a global healthcare company with 48000 employees and 2006 sales of US$10
The plaintiffs allege that the companies manufactured and sold blood factor products as beneficial "medicines" that were, in fact of likely to be contaminated with HIV and/or HCV. Human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV) is a Lentivirus (a member of the Retrovirus family that can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome This resulted in the mass infection and/or deaths of thousands of haemophiliacs worldwide. An infection is the detrimental Colonization of a host Organism by a foreign Species. Haemophilia (also spelled as hemophilia [7]
It is believed that three of these companies, Alpha, Baxter and Cutter, recruited and paid donors from high risk populations, including prisoners, intravenous drug users, and blood centers with predominantly homosexual donors, to obtain blood plasma used for the production of Factor VIII and IX. Intravenous therapy or IV therapy is the giving of Liquid substances directly into a Vein. Homosexuality refers to sexual behavior with or attraction to people of the same sex or to a Homosexual orientation. Factor VIII (FVIII is an essential Clotting factor A deficiency of FVIII causes Hemophilia A, a bleeding disorder Plaintiffs allege that these companies failed to exclude donors, as mandated by federal law, with a history of viral hepatitis. Hepatitis (plural hepatitides) implies injury to the Liver characterized by the presence of Inflammatory cells in the tissue of Such testing could have substantially reduced the likelihood of plasma containing HIV and/ or HCV entering plasma pools. Human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV) is a Lentivirus (a member of the Retrovirus family that can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome "

New York Times article: [11]

MSNBC report: [12]

Baycol Deaths

Bayer's anti-cholesterol drug, Baycol (also known as Lipobay and cerivastatin), has deadly side effects. The Food and Drug Administration received reports of 31 US deaths due to rhabdomolysis, a potentially fatal adverse muscle reaction that results in muscle cell breakdown and release of the contents of muscle cells in the bloodstream. Symptoms include muscle pain, weakness, fever, nausea, and vomiting. Bayer admitted that the drug might have killed 52 people already worldwide, with another 1,100 potentially crippled. Although Bayer voluntarily recalled the drug after a large number of deaths, Germany's health minister, on 25 August 2001, accused Bayer of sitting on research documenting Baycol's lethal side-effects for nearly two months before the government in Berlin was informed. ' There have been many individual and class action law suits, including one in Pennsylvania which cited 480 cases of Baycol-related illnesses. The number of Baycol related deaths has risen to almost 100.

Methyl Parathion Poisoning of Children

In October 2001, Bayer was taken to court after 24 children in the remote Andean village of Tauccamarca were killed and 18 more severely poisoned when they drank a powdered milk substitute that had been contaminated with methyl parathion. Parathion, also called parathion-ethyl or diethyl parathion, is an Organophosphate compound.

The white powder that resembles powdered milk and has no strong chemical odour was packaged in small plastic bags that provide no protection to users and give no indication of the danger of the product within. The bags were labelled in Spanish only, and carried drawings of healthy carrots and potatoes but no pictograms indicating danger or toxicity.

Fluoroquinolones

Using Baytril and other fluoroquinolones in poultry and cattle leads to antibiotic-resistant bacteria and pathogens in animals, making it possible for strains of resistant bacteria to enter the human body. The quinolones are a family of synthetic Broad-spectrum antibiotics. Antibiotic resistance is the ability of a Microorganism to withstand the effects of Antibiotics. This makes human versions of the drug ineffective in treating people infected by these bacteria, which could be life-threatening to the elderly, to children and to those with depressed immune systems or in weakened conditions. Fluoroquinolones are commonly prescribed to treat serious gastrointestinal illness, including the common Campylobacter and Salmonella bacteria. The quinolones are a family of synthetic Broad-spectrum antibiotics. Campylobacter accounts for nearly two million illnesses and 100 deaths each year, and Salmonella accounts for 1. 3 million illnesses and about 500 deaths annually. Very few bacteria were found resistant to fluoroquinolones until the drugs also began to be used in poultry in 1995. By 1998, 13 percent of Campylobacter tested in humans were resistant to fluoroquinolones, and by 1999, nearly 18 percent of Campylobacter were found to be resistant.

After data collected by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention showed that the use of fluoroquinolones in poultry was speeding up the bacteria's development of resistance to the drug, the US Food and Drug Administration concluded that the health of at least 5,000 Americans is affected each year by the use of these drugs in chickens. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (or CDC) is an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services based in unincorporated It also proposed to ban this use. Abbott Laboratories, one of the two producers of poultry fluoroquinolones in the US, voluntarily withdrew its product, but Bayer refused to comply with the proposed ban and instead requested a hearing on the proposal. This hearing may take years to complete, and by then the ban may be a moot point since the drug may be ineffective in humans by the time the FDA is able to issue a final ban on the use of these drugs in poultry.

The United States' Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the United Nations' World Health Organization, have strongly advocated a ban for years. On 31 October 2000, Environmental Defense, the American Public Health Association, Center for Science in the Public Interest; Delmarva Poultry Justice Alliance; Food Animal Concerns Trust; Global Resources Action Center for the Environment; Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy; National Catholic Rural Life Conference; Physicians for Social Responsibility; and Union of Concerned Scientists signed a letter to the Bayer Corporation asking it to comply voluntarily with the proposed ban. In November, more than 180 individual health care professionals and several medical organizations, including the American Medical Association and the American College of Preventive Medicine, sent a similar letter to Bayer.

But Bayer has recently spent over US$ 50 million to build new production facilities for Baytril in Germany and the US. The company claimed that Baytril is completely harmless in a letter to veterinarians: "Bayer has and always will play a leading role in defending fluoroquinolones".

2001 Medicare Reimbursement Action by US Government

In January 2001, Bayer agreed to pay $14 million to the United States and 45 states to settle allegations under the federal False Claims Act that the company caused physicians and other health care providers to submit fraudulently inflated reimbursement claims to the state and federally funded Medicaid program. The False Claims Act ( also called the " Lincoln Law " is an American Federal law which allows people who are not affiliated with the government to file [13]

2006 Trasylol Safety Advisory

In September 2006, Bayer A. G. was faulted by the FDA for not revealing during testimony the existence of a commissioned retrospective study of 67,000 patients, 30,000 of whom received Trasylol and the rest other anti-fibrinolytics. Aprotinin, also known as bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor BPTI (Trasylol Bayer) is a protein that is used as Medication administered by injection Thrombolytic drugs are used in Medicine to dissolve blood clots in a procedure termed Thrombolysis. The study concluded Trasylol carried greater risks. The FDA was alerted to the study by one of the researchers involved. Although the FDA issued a statement of concern they did not change their recommendation that the drug may benefit certain subpopulations of patients. In a Public Health Advisory Update dated October 3, 2006, the FDA recommended that "physicians consider limiting Trasylol use to those situations in which the clinical benefit of reduced blood loss is necessary to medical management and outweighs the potential risks" and carefully monitor patients. Events 42 BC - First Battle of Philippi: Triumvirs Mark Antony and Octavian fight an indecisive battle with Caesar's Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Trasylol Public Health Advisory Update

According to 60 minutes . . . . . "A renowned researcher calculates that 22,000 patients could have been saved if the Food and Drug Administration removed the heart surgery drug Trasylol two years ago, when his study revealed widespread death associated with it. . . . . . "

The FDA took Trasylol off the market on November 5, 2007. Events 1499 - Publication of the Catholicon in Treguier ( Brittany) Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. [14]

Human Rights Campaign

Bayer was given the lowest score (15 out of 100) of all rated companies in its category in the Human Rights Campaign's 2008 Corporate Equality Index, a measure of Gay and Lesbian workplace equality. The Corporate Equality Index is a report published by the Human Rights Campaign Foundation as a tool to rate American businesses on their treatment of Gay, Lesbian In the English language, gay is an Adjective that in modern usage refers to Homosexuality. A lesbian is a Woman who is romantically or sexually attracted only to other women [8].

See also

References

  1. ^ Bayer HealthCare to acquire OTC Business of Sagmel, Inc, official press release
  2. ^ "Bayer Buys Over-the-Counter Health Unit From Sagmel", Bloomberg, 2008-03-11. This is a list of companies of Germany. A A Lange & Söhne Adidas Allianz The following is a list of the 50 largest Pharmaceutical and Biotech companies ranked by healthcare revenue A medical technologist (MT is a Healthcare professional who performs Diagnostic analytic tests on Body fluids such as Blood, Urine 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1425 BC - Thutmose III, Pharaoh of Egypt, dies (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th Dynasty  
  3. ^ (Spanish) various authors (2005). "Historia de los campos de concentración: El sistema de campos de concentración nacionalsocialista, 1933–1945: un modelo europeo", Memoriales históricos, 1933–1945.  
  4. ^ by Charles C. Mann and Mark L. Plummer (1991). The aspirin wars: money, medicine, and 100 years of rampant competition. Boston, Mass: Harvard Business School Press, 25–36. ISBN 0-87584-401-4.  
  5. ^ U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Statement on Report of Bioengineered Rice in the Food Supply
  6. ^ Klaus Werner (2006). Schwarzbuch Markenfirmen. Berlin: Ullstein Taschenbuchvlg. , 270-271.  
  7. ^ Bayer Sold HIV-Risky Meds
  8. ^ http://www.hrc.org/documents/HRC_Corporate_Equality_Index_2008.pdf 2008 Corporate Equality Index. Accessed 27 November 2007.

Literature

External links

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