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The Battle of Tewkesbury in Gloucestershire, which took place on May 4, 1471, completed one phase of the Wars of the Roses. Ghent (ˈɡɛnt Gent ʝɛnt in Dutch, Gand in French, and formerly Gaunt in English) is a City and a Events 1256 - The Augustinian monastic order is constituted at the Lecceto Monastery when Pope Alexander IV Tewkesbury (ˈtjuːksbri is a Town in Gloucestershire, England. History See also History of Gloucestershire Gloucestershire is a historic county mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle in the 10th century England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The House of York was a branch of the English royal House of Plantagenet, three of whom became English kings in the late 15th century The House of Lancaster was a branch of the English royal House of Plantagenet. Edward IV ( 28 April 1442 – 9 April 1483) was King of England from 4 March 1461 until 2 October Edmund Beaufort 4th Duke of Somerset (1438? &ndash May 6, 1471) was an English nobleman and military commander during the Wars of the Roses. Margaret of Anjou ( Marguerite d'Anjou, 23 March 1430 &ndash 25 August 1482) was the Queen consort of Henry VI of England Edward of Westminster, also known as Edward of Lancaster ( 13 October 1453 &ndash 4 May 1471) was the only Prince of Wales Tewkesbury (ˈtjuːksbri is a Town in Gloucestershire, England. History See also History of Gloucestershire Gloucestershire is a historic county mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle in the 10th century Events 1256 - The Augustinian monastic order is constituted at the Lecceto Monastery when Pope Alexander IV The Wars of the Roses (1455–1485 were a series of dynastic Civil wars fought in England between supporters of the Houses of Lancaster and York
It put a temporary end to Lancastrian hopes of regaining the throne of England. The House of Lancaster was a branch of the English royal House of Plantagenet. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland There would be fourteen years of peace before another political coup in the form of Henry Tudor finally settling the dispute between the two dynasties.
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Background
At the time of Tewkesbury, the mentally-unstable Lancastrian king, Henry VI of England, had just been deposed for a second time by his rival, the Yorkist Edward IV of England, who throughout his career was never defeated in battle. Henry VI (6 December 1421 &ndash 21 May 1471 was King of England 1422–1461 (though with a Regent until 1437 and then 1470–1471 and a claimant to the kingdom The House of York was a branch of the English royal House of Plantagenet, three of whom became English kings in the late 15th century Edward IV ( 28 April 1442 – 9 April 1483) was King of England from 4 March 1461 until 2 October This change in circumstances had come about because Edward had become estranged from Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick, "the Kingmaker", who had formerly been Edward's most important supporter and advisor. Richard Neville Jure uxoris 16th Earl of Warwick and Suo jure 6th Earl of Salisbury ( 22 November With the aid of Edward's jealous younger brother George, Duke of Clarence, Warwick had forced Edward into exile and reinstated Henry. George Plantagenet Duke of Clarence ( 21 October 1449 &ndash 18 February 1478) was the third son of Richard Plantagenet 3rd Duke of York
Within months Edward had returned to England, helped by his brother-in-law, the Duke of Burgundy. Charles the Bold or Charles the Rash (Charles le Téméraire ( 21 November 1433 &ndash 5 January 1477) baptised Charles Martin His brother, George, switched sides again and supported him. After recapturing London, Edward's army fought Warwick's at the Battle of Barnet. The Battle of Barnet, which took place 14 April 1471, was a decisive battle of the Wars of the Roses, near the town of Barnet, at the time ten In a confused fight in thick fog, Warwick was defeated and killed.
The remaining Lancastrian forces were now led by Henry's Queen, Margaret of Anjou, and her seventeen-year-old son, Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales. Margaret of Anjou ( Marguerite d'Anjou, 23 March 1430 &ndash 25 August 1482) was the Queen consort of Henry VI of England Edward of Westminster, also known as Edward of Lancaster ( 13 October 1453 &ndash 4 May 1471) was the only Prince of Wales Prince of Wales (Tywysog Cymru is a title traditionally granted to the Heir Apparent to the reigning monarch of the United Kingdom (and formerly the Kingdom Had Margaret, landing in England to the shocking news of Warwick's final defeat, been able to join forces with her ally, Jasper Tudor (uncle of Henry Tudor), she might have stood a chance against the Yorkist forces of King Edward. Jasper Tudor ( Welsh: Siasbar Tudur) c 1431 &ndash December 21/26 1495 Earl of Pembroke and 1st Duke of Bedford, was the uncle of King Her only hope was to cross the River Severn at Gloucester, and this she failed to do when access to the crossing was denied by the Yorkist governor of the town and castle at Gloucester, Sir Richard Beauchamp. For other rivers named "Severn" see Severn River. The River Severn ( Welsh: Afon Hafren, Latin Gloucester (ˈɡlɒstɚ) is a city, district and County town of Gloucestershire in the South West region of England.
The end of the Lancastrian Royal Family
Margaret relied heavily on the Duke of Somerset, her remaining experienced commander, but his skills were no match for those of the King. Edmund Beaufort 4th Duke of Somerset (1438? &ndash May 6, 1471) was an English nobleman and military commander during the Wars of the Roses. The Yorkists were superior in artillery, and Somerset, deploying on ground cut up by hedges and woods, misjudged his battle position just enough to allow the King's young brother, Richard, Duke of Gloucester (later King Richard III of England), to attack his flank. Richard III ( 2 October 1452 &ndash 22 August 1485) was King of England from 1483 until his death In a further display of tactical cunning, Edward had positioned a group of approximately 200 mounted spearmen to ambush the Lancastrian rear.
Panic set in amongst the retreating Lancastrians, and Somerset is alleged to have killed one of his own commanders, Lord Wenlock, as punishment for his fatal lack of initiative or possible treachery. Sir John Wenlock (later the 1st Baron Wenlock) lived in the 15th century and is remembered as a soldier who fought on the side of both the Yorkists and the There are some who contend that there is evidence Wenlock survived the day and was allowed to escape by the Yorkists (until Warwick's recent rebellion, Wenlock had been a Yorkist captain of long standing). In a field known as the "Bloody Meadow", perhaps as many as half of Somerset's forces were slaughtered. Some fled to the nearby Tewkesbury Abbey, where their enemies are said to have pursued them. The Abbey of the Blessed Virgin Mary at Tewkesbury in the English county of Gloucestershire is the second largest parish church
One of the casualties was Edward, Prince of Wales, though whether he died fighting or was executed after the battle is uncertain. He remains the only Prince of Wales to have died in battle. All the Lancastrian commanders, including Somerset, were summarily executed shortly afterwards, leaving Queen Margaret and her daughter-in-law, Anne Neville, captured and imprisoned. Anne Neville (11 June 1456 &ndash 16 March 1485 was Queen consort of King Richard III of England 1483-1485 King Henry VI, already imprisoned in the Tower of London, was murdered there a few days later. Her Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress, more commonly known as the Tower of London (and historically as The Tower) is a historic monument in central London
Re-enactment
Every year the battle is re-enacted in the second week of July at the Tewkesbury Medieval Festival. The event is now in its 25th year, and is the largest event of its kind in Europe, attracting enthusiasts from all over the world.
References
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