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Battle of Tangdao
Part of the Jin-Song wars
Song rivership with a xuanfeng traction catapult
Date 16 November 1161
Location Tangdao, an island near Shandong Peninsula at the East China Sea
Result Song victory
Belligerents
Jurchen Jin Southern Song
Commanders
Su Baoheng and Wanyan Zhengjianu Li Bao
Strength
600 warships and 70,000 troops 120 warships and 3000 troops

The naval Battle of Tangdao (唐岛之战) took place in 1161 between the Jurchen Jin and the Southern Song Dynasty of China on the East China Sea. This is an article for the Jurchen Jin Dynasty (1115–1234 For other Chinese dynasties whose names are also rendered "Jin" in Pinyin, see Jin Dynasty The Song Dynasty ( Wade-Giles: Sung Ch'ao was a ruling dynasty in China between 960&ndash1279 CE it succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Events 534 - A second and final revision of the Codex Justinianus is published The Shāndōng Peninsula ( also known as the Jiāodōng Peninsula (胶东半岛 膠東半島 is a Peninsula in the Shāndōng Province of The Jurchens ( were a Tungus people who inhabited the region of Manchuria ( Northeast China) until the 17th century when they adopted the name Manchu This is an article for the Jurchen Jin Dynasty (1115–1234 For other Chinese dynasties whose names are also rendered "Jin" in Pinyin, see Jin Dynasty The Song Dynasty ( Wade-Giles: Sung Ch'ao was a ruling dynasty in China between 960&ndash1279 CE it succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms The Jurchens ( were a Tungus people who inhabited the region of Manchuria ( Northeast China) until the 17th century when they adopted the name Manchu This is an article for the Jurchen Jin Dynasty (1115–1234 For other Chinese dynasties whose names are also rendered "Jin" in Pinyin, see Jin Dynasty The Song Dynasty ( Wade-Giles: Sung Ch'ao was a ruling dynasty in China between 960&ndash1279 CE it succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National It was an attempt by the Jin to invade and conquer the Southern Song Dynasty, yet resulted in failure and defeat for the Jurchens. The Jin Dynasty navy was set on fire by firearms and Fire Arrows, suffering heavy losses. A firearm is a Tool that projects either single or multiple Projectiles at high velocity through a controlled explosion The Fire Arrow is a projectile weapon that uses Black powder. For this battle, the commander of the Song Dynasty squadron, Li Bao, faced the opposing commander Zheng Jia, the admiral of the Jin Dynasty. On the fate of Zheng Jia, the historical text of the Jin Shi states:

“

Zheng Jia did not know the sea routes (among the islands) well, nor much about the management of ships, and he did not believe (that the enemy, the Song, was near). But all of the sudden they appeared, and finding us quite unready they hurled incendiery gunpowder projectiles on to our ships. So seeing all his ships going up in flames, and having no means of escape, Zheng Jia jumped into the sea and was drowned. [1]

 ”

This battle was followed by another naval confrontation, the Battle of Caishi (采石之战) taking place in 1161. The naval Battle of Caishi (采石之战 took place in 1161 and was the result of an attempt by forces of the Jurchen Jin to cross the Yangtze On the significance of these battles and the development of China's first permanent standing navy during the Song, the historian Joseph Needham stated that from a total of 11 squadrons and 3,000 men the Song navy rose in one century to 20 squadrons totalling 52,000 men, with its main base near Shanghai. Noel Joseph Terence Montgomery Needham, CH, FRS, FBA ( December 9, 1900 – March 24 1995) was a British A squadron is a small unit or formation of Cavalry, armour, Aircraft (including Balloons) or Warships Army Shanghai ( 上[[wikt 海|海]] is the largest city in China in terms of population and one of the largest urban areas in the world with over 20 million [2] The needs of the regular striking force of the Song navy could also be supported by substantial Chinese merchants in the south. [2] In this Jin campaign of 1161 AD, some 340 ships participated in the battles on the Yangtze. [2] Yet there was a long process leading up to this battle; in 1129 (AD) trebuchets throwing gunpowder bombs were decreed standard equipment on all warships,[2] between 1132 AD and 1183 AD a large number of treadmill-operated paddle-wheel craft, large and small, were built, including stern-wheelers and ships with as many as 11 paddle-wheels a side (the invention of the remarkable engineer Gao Xuan). A trebuchet or trebucket is a Siege engine that was employed in the Middle Ages either to smash Masonry Walls or to throw Gunpowder is a an explosive mixture of Sulfur, Charcoal and Potassium nitrate (also known as saltpetre/saltpeter that burns rapidly producing volumes A paddle steamer is a ship or boat driven by a Steam engine that uses one or more Paddle wheels to develop thrust for propulsion. [2] In 1203 AD some of these were armored with iron plates (to the design of another outstanding shipwright Qin Shi-Fu). [2] The navy of the Southern Song Dynasty thus successfully held off the Jurchen Jin Dynasty and then the invading Mongols for the span of nearly two centuries, gaining complete control of the East China Sea. The East China Sea is a Marginal sea east of China. It is a part of the Pacific Ocean and covers an area of 1249000 km² [2]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Needham, Volume 5, Part 7, 157. Naval warfare is Combat in and on Seas Oceans or any other major bodies of water such as large Lakes and wide Rivers History Maritime history is a broad thematic element of History that often uses a global approach although national and regional histories remain predominant The recorded military history of China extends from about 1500 BC to the present day The naval history of China dates back thousands of years with archives existing since the late Spring and Autumn Period ( 722 BC - 481 BC) about the The Song Dynasty ( Chinese: 宋朝; Pinyin: Sòng cháo 960 - 1279) of China was a ruling Dynasty that controlled China proper The Song Dynasty (宋朝 960–1279 CE provided some of the most significant technological advances in Chinese history, many of which came from talented statesmen Early Modern warfare is associated with the start of the widespread use of Gunpowder and the development of suitable weapons to use the explosive The naval Battle of Caishi (采石之战 took place in 1161 and was the result of an attempt by forces of the Jurchen Jin to cross the Yangtze Jiao Yu ( Traditional and Simplified Chinese: 焦玉 Wade-Giles: Chiao Yü, Hanyu Pinyin: Jiāo Yù) was a Chinese
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Needham, Volume 4, Part 3, 476.

References

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