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The Battle of Mediolanum took place in 259, between the Allamanic Germans and the Roman legions under the command of Emperor Gallienus. Events By Place Roman Empire Valerian, captured by King Shapur I of Persia, dies in captivity The Alamanni, Allemanni, or Alemanni were originally an alliance of Germanic tribes located around the upper Main river ( Germany For other uses see Legion The Roman Legion (from Latin legio "military levy Conscription," The Roman Emperor was the ruler of the Roman State during the imperial period (starting at about 27 BC Publius Licinius Egnatius Gallienus (218-268 ruled the Roman Empire as co-emperor with his father Valerian from 253 to 260 and then as the sole Roman Emperor

Contents

Background

As Emperor Valerian, Gallienus´ father, was unable to be present in the battlefield, he named his son Gallienus as Emperor. While Valerian was fighting against the Sassanid Empire and the Goths who by that time had sacked Asia Minor, Gallienus would be in charge of defending the Roman Empire's border. The Sassanid Empire or Sassanian Dynasty or Sassanian Dynasty (ساسانیان) is the name used for the third Iranian dynasty and the second Persian empire The Goths ( Gothic: Gothic usvg|14px|u]]Gothic asvg|14px|a]]Gothic s The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial

In the Western half of the Empire the situation was difficult. The Danubian border resisted continuous barbarian attacks. The Danube (In Donau from earlier Danuvius, Celtic *dānu, meaning "to flow run" Slovak and Polish Dunaj "Barbarian" is a pejorative term for an uncivilized person either in a general reference to a member of a nation or Ethnos perceived Gallienus had to march with military reinforcements from Gaul, towards Dacia and Moesia to fight against the Barbarians. Gaul (Gallia was the Roman name for the region of Western Europe comprising present day northern Italy, France, Belgium, western Dacia, in ancient geography was the land of the Dacians. It was named by the ancient Hellenes ( Greeks) " Getae " Moesia (Μοισία Moisía; Мизия Miziya; Moesia Мезија Mezija) was an ancient region and Roman province situated in the His victory was important as he received the title of Dacius. Even so the situation was so severe that the legions of Pannonia and Moesia rebelled and chose to make Ingenuus the emperor, in 259. Pannonia is an ancient province of the Roman Empire bounded north and east by the Danube, coterminous westward with Noricum and upper Italy, This article is about the Roman commander named Ingenuus For the Roman legal term for a freeborn man see Ingenui. Gallienus reunited the Rhine and Legio II Parthica defended and left to the battle. The Rhine (Rhein Rijn Rhin Reno Rain Rhenus is one of the longest and most important Rivers in Europe at 1320 kilometres (820 mi with an average discharge Legio II Parthica was a Roman legion levied by Emperor Septimius Severus in 197, for his campaign against the Parthian Empire, hence

Order of battle

Within the borders of the Rhine and the Alps, a Germanic confederation, the Alamanni, who occupied a good part of the Agri Decumates (the territory located between the mouth of the Rhine river and the Danube), crossed the Alpine steps and fell on the fertile plain of the Po river. The Rhine (Rhein Rijn Rhin Reno Rain Rhenus is one of the longest and most important Rivers in Europe at 1320 kilometres (820 mi with an average discharge A confederation is a group of empowered states or communities usually created by treaty but often later adopting a common constitution The Alamanni, Allemanni, or Alemanni were originally an alliance of Germanic tribes located around the upper Main river ( Germany Agri Decumates was a region of the Roman Empire, covering the Black Forest area between the Main river and the sources of Danube and Rhine The mouth, buccal cavity, or oral cavity is the first portion of the Alimentary canal that receives food and begins digestion by mechanically breaking up The Rhine (Rhein Rijn Rhin Reno Rain Rhenus is one of the longest and most important Rivers in Europe at 1320 kilometres (820 mi with an average discharge The Po ( Latin: Padus, Po Ligurian: Bo, Greek: Eridanus) is a river that flows 652 km(405 miles (682 km by considering The sacking of the zone instilled terror in Rome, as it was still not a walled city. Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 The Senate of Rome in an attempt to restore its declining army to be able to protect the city armed a quick plebeian crowd for combat [1]

Gallienus maintained one last war against Ingenuus when the news arrived to him of the invasion of the Alamanni. The Senate of the Roman Republic was a political institution in the ancient Roman Republic. Immediately it started off with the legions I Adiutrix, II Italica and II Parthica battling with the barbarians in Italy. Legio I Adiutrix (Latin pronuciation prima adiútrix, " assistant first" was a Roman legion formed in 68, possibly by Legio II Italica Pia, meaning faithful legion from Italy, was a Roman legion levied by emperor Marcus Aurelius in 165 together By then, according to the byzantine historian Joannes Zonaras, the Alamanni had retreated before the unexpected resistance of the citizenship of Rome and its Senate. Joannes (John Zonaras ( Greek:; ''fl'' 12th century was a Byzantine chronicler and theologian, who lived at Constantinople. When Gallienus arrived at the valley of the Po, it found to the Barbarian army in the neighborhoods of Mediolanum, present day Milan. Mediolanum, the ancient Milan, was an important Celtic and then Roman centre Milan (Milano Milan (listen) is one of the largest cities in Italy, located in the plains of Lombardy. The victory was total: according to Zonaras 300,000 Alamanni fell that day and in addition the emperor was greeted like Germanicus Maximus. Germanicus Julius Caesar ( 24 May 16 BC or 15 BC&ndash October 10, 19)

Aftermath

The battle of Mediolanum demonstrated the inefficiency of the fixed military position. Gallienus carried out a deep military remodeling, introduced movable units mainly of cavalry (vexillationes). The Cavalry (from French cavalerie) is the second oldest of the Combat Arms, and as Soldiers or Warriors who fought mounted on A vexillatio (plural vexillationes) was a detachment of a Roman legion formed as a temporary task force created by the Roman Army of the The main units were in the control of General Aureolus with a seat in Mediolanum, with the mission to protect Italy. For the Frankish ruler of Aragon see Aureolus of Aragon. Aureolus (died 268 was a Roman military commander and would-be Usurper Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest On the other hand the Roman Senate had tried to resurge as an institution arming and commanding an army before the Germanic threat. The Roman Senate was a political institution in Ancient Rome. It saw the suppression of all their military prerogatives by decree of the emperor. Finally the attack demonstrated the vulnerability of Italy and Rome, which later caused Emperor Aurelian to have a strong wall built to defend the capital of the Empire. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 An emperor (from the Latin " Imperator " is a (male Monarch, usually the sovereign ruler of an Empire or another type of Lucius Domitius Aurelianus ( September 9, 214 or 215 &ndashSeptember or October 275 known in English as Aurelian, Roman Emperor (270&ndash275

References

  1. ^ Emperor Gallienus (html). Retrieved on 2008-01-14. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes.


Bibliography

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