Battle of Maraş
Part of the Franco-Turkish War
Date Jan 20- Feb 10, 1920 Location Kahramanmaraş Result Turkish victory
Belligerents
Turkish revolutionaries	France
Commanders
Ali Fuat Pasha	General Henri Gouraud
Strength
Unknown (Civilian militias)	1 division (legion contained 2000 Armenian volunteer units), 4 Armored battalion, 2 Cavalry battalion, 4 personal armored vehicle. Franco-Turkish war, more often called Cilicia war ( French: La guerre en Cilicie, Turkish: Güney Cephesi - the southern front Events 250 - Emperor Decius begins a widespread persecution of Christians in Rome. Events 1355 - The St Scholastica's Day riot breaks out in Oxford, England, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar Kahramanmaraş is the capital city of Kahramanmaraş Province in southeastern Turkey. Turkish revolutionaries ( Turkish: Kuvâyi Milliye or Kuvva-i Milliye) were Patriots of the Turkish national movement who rebelled against This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Henri Joseph Eugène Gouraud ( 17 November 1867 &ndash 16 September 1946) was a French general best known for his leadership of the A division is a large Military unit or formation usually consisting of around ten to thirty thousand soldiers Armenian volunteer units or " Armenian volunteer corps " were Armenian battalions in Russian and British armies during the World War I. A battalion is a Military unit of around 500-1500 men usually consisting of between two and seven companies and typically commanded by a Lieutenant Colonel A battalion is a Military unit of around 500-1500 men usually consisting of between two and seven companies and typically commanded by a Lieutenant Colonel
Casualties and losses
4,000 killed	1,000 French and 15,000 Armenians killed;

Battle of Maraş (pronounced Marash), a part as well as a cornerstone in several respects of the Turkish War of Independence, is the comprehensive term used for the three-weeks of wholescale conflict, principally on urban ground, between Turkish National Forces and French occupation forces in and around the city of Maraş in southern Turkey. The Turkish War of Independence (Kurtuluş Savaşı May 19, 1919 October 29, 1923) refers to the political and military resistance developed The Turkish National Movement encompasses the political and military activities of the Turkish revolutionaries which resulted with the creation and shaping of the Republic Kahramanmaraş is the capital city of Kahramanmaraş Province in southeastern Turkey. Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches On the basis of general tension rising in the city since the start of the French occupation two months before, the battle proper lasted from 20 January to 10 February 1920, and ended with victory for the Turkish forces and the definite departure of French troops from Maraş. Events 250 - Emperor Decius begins a widespread persecution of Christians in Rome. Events 1355 - The St Scholastica's Day riot breaks out in Oxford, England, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar

Turkish forces were organized around Maraş branch of the Association for the Defence of National Rights (Maraş Müdafaa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti), commanded by career officers from the largely disbanded Ottoman Army, in close coordination with the core of the future (established 23 April 1920) Turkish Grand National Assembly and its future president Mustafa Kemal Pasha based in Ankara. The military of the Ottoman Empire was divided in three organizational structures the Army Navy and Air Force Events 215 BC - A temple is built on the Capitoline Hill dedicated to Venus Erycina to commemorate the Roman defeat at The Grand National Assembly of Turkey (Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi - TBMM, usually referred to simply as Meclis - "the Parliament" is the Unicameral Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (19 May 1881 &ndash 10 November 1938 was an army officer revolutionary Statesman Ankara is the capital of Turkey and the country's second largest city after İstanbul.

French forces united under a single command three distinct bodies, namely the French Foreign Legion, the French Colonial Forces and, of particular role, the auxiliaries of the French Armenian Legion. The French Colonial Forces (Troupes Coloniales was a general designation for the military forces that garrisoned and were largely recruited from the French colonial empire The Armenian Legion, established with the French-Armenian Agreement (1916, was a foreign legion unit within French Army.

Contents 1 Background 2 Active Stage 3 Brief Description 4 Results 5 See also 6 External links

Background

See also: Sykes-Picot Agreement and French-Armenian Agreement (1916)

Maraş was initially occupied by British forces from India as of February 23, 1919. French-Armenian Agreement October 27, 1916, was the political and military accord regarding the support of Armenian nationalist ( Armenian national liberation The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Events 1455 - Traditional date for the publication of the Gutenberg Bible, the first Western Book printed from Movable Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common During the eight month British occupation Maraş remained, by and large, calm, although the British were not well received by the local Armenian minority, which had aspirations of its own. The Armenians (Հայեր Hayer) are a Nation and Ethnic group originating in the Caucasus and in the Armenian Highlands A large According to the British-French agreement during the World War I (Sykes-Picot Agreement) British forces were replaced by the French Armenian Legion on 29 October 1919. The Armenian Legion, established with the French-Armenian Agreement (1916, was a foreign legion unit within French Army. Events 437 - Valentinian III, Western Roman Emperor, marries Licinia Eudoxia, daughter of his cousin Theodosius II Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common

Local Armenians, gathered around the leadership of the former (1914-1918) deputy of the Ottoman Parliament, the rich Catholic Armenian Agop Hirlakyan, welcomed the French Armenian Legion. Year 1914 ( MCMXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Second Constitutional Era (ايکنجى مشروطيت دورى İkinci Meşrûtiyyet Devri) of the Ottoman Empire began shortly after Sultan Abdülhamid Catholic is an Adjective derived from the Greek adjective '' / 'katholikos' meaning "whole" or "complete". The Armenian Legion, established with the French-Armenian Agreement (1916, was a foreign legion unit within French Army.

Active Stage

See also: Sütçü İmam Incident

On 1 November 1919, two days after the French take-over of the city, Sütçü İmam Incident, termed after the defender of three Turkish women who were being harassed and molested in the street by French Armenian Legion auxiliaries, sowed the seeds of tension in the city. Sütçü İmam incident ( Sütçü İmam olayı in Turkish) was the first action against the French occupying forces in Maraş, Turkey Events 996 - Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk Bishop of Freising which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi Sütçü İmam incident ( Sütçü İmam olayı in Turkish) was the first action against the French occupying forces in Maraş, Turkey The Turkish people (Türk Halkı also known as " Turks " ( Türkler) are defined mainly as being speakers of Turkish as a First language Sütçü İmam shot one of the molesters in the skirmish and had to go into hiding. The incident triggered a series of events that led the Turkish majority of Maraş to rise against the occupation forces and culminated in the wholescale urban warfare two months after the incident.

Brief Description

Results

After twenty-two days of urban battle, on 11 February 1920, the French occupation troops found themselves forced to evacuate Maraş faced to the resistance and assaults of the Turkish Revolutionaries, with the local Armenian community following them. Events 660 BC - Traditional founding date of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar

Maraş militia forces pursued the war effort by taking part in the re-capture of other centers of the region, forcing the French forces to retreat gradually and town by town, until the dispatch to Ankara of Franklin Boullion, special representative of the Prime Minister of France, Aristide Briand, and the consequent signing of the Accord of Ankara, putting an end to the Cilicia War. The Prime Minister of France ( Premier ministre français) in Fifth Republic is the functional Head of the government and Council of Ministers Aristide Briand (28 March 1862 – 7 March 1932 was a French statesman who served several terms as Prime Minister of France and won the Nobel Peace Prize The Treaty of Ankara (or the Accord of Ankara; Franklin-Bouillon Agreement; Franco-Turkish Agreement of Ankara) was signed on October 20, Franco-Turkish war, more often called Cilicia war ( French: La guerre en Cilicie, Turkish: Güney Cephesi - the southern front

After the Turkish War of Independence, Maraş became one of the two cities in Turkey to receive a Turkish Medal of Independence (the other city is İnebolu), which was given to the city as a whole. Turkish Medal of Independence (İstiklal Madalyası was a special medal issued in Turkey in limited number by a 1924 law İnebolu is a small town of less than 10000 inhabitants located on the Black Sea coast of Turkey.

See also

• Cilicia War
• Chronology of the Turkish War of Independence

External links

• Time Table
• About battle(turkish)

Franco-Turkish war, more often called Cilicia war ( French: La guerre en Cilicie, Turkish: Güney Cephesi - the southern front This chronology of the Turkish War of Independence is a timeline of events during the Turkish War of Independence ( May 19 1919 October 29 The Turkish War of Independence (Kurtuluş Savaşı May 19, 1919 October 29, 1923) refers to the political and military resistance developed The Partitioning of the Ottoman Empire was a political event that occurred after World War I. " The establishment of the Turkish national movement " explains the creation of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. Turkish revolutionaries ( Turkish: Kuvâyi Milliye or Kuvva-i Milliye) were Patriots of the Turkish national movement who rebelled against The Turkish National Movement encompasses the political and military activities of the Turkish revolutionaries which resulted with the creation and shaping of the Republic The Chanak Crisis (or Affair) in September 1922 was the threatened attack on British and French troops stationed near Çanakkale (Chanak to The 1923 population exchange between Greece and Turkey is the first large-scale population exchange, or agreed mutual expulsion in the 20th century Malta exiles (Malta sürgünleri (between March 1919 October 1920 is the term for politicians high ranking soldiers (mainly administrators and intellectuals of the Ottoman Empire Outpost Society (Karakol Cemiyeti were secret societal organizations outside of yet within the Istanbul government whose purpose was to resist the efforts of Mustafa The King-Crane Commission was an official investigation during 1919 by the United States government into the circumstances and conditions existing in certain parts of the former The Khilafat movement (1919-1924 was a political campaign launched mainly by Muslims in South Asia to influence the British government and to protect the The Entente Powers (from Triple Entente) were the countries at war with the Central Powers during World War I. This page will include the revolts against the Turkish Revolutionaries. The Kuvâ-i İnzibâtiyye ( Ottoman Turkish: قوا انضباطيّه literally "Forces of Order" Turkish: Hilafet Ordusu, or "Caliphate The Revolt of Ahmet Aznavur was a revolt during the Turkish War of Independence. Koçkiri Rebellion was a rebellion of Alevi (Kurdish dominant uprising of the 1920 in the overwhelmingly militant Kizilbash Dersim region while waged Franco-Turkish war, more often called Cilicia war ( French: La guerre en Cilicie, Turkish: Güney Cephesi - the southern front Battle of Maraş (pronounced Marash) a part as well as a cornerstone in several respects of the Turkish War of Independence, is the comprehensive term used The Occupation of İzmir was the rule in the İzmir district by Greek forces under the High Commissioner Aristidis Stergiadis, aligned with the Allied The Battle of Aydın or "The defence of Aydın" (tr Aydın savunması) 27 June 1919 to 4 July 1919, was a series The First Battle of İnönü was the first battle of the in the Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922, part of Turkish War of Independence. The Second Battle of İnönü took place in March 1921 near the Turkish village of İnönü during the Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922. The Battle of Sakarya, also known as the Battle of Sangarios, was an important engagement in the Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922 and Turkish War of Independence The Battle of Dumlupınar was the last battle in the Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922 (part of the Turkish War of Independence) The Battle of Oltu was actually two battles the first ( 18 June to 25 June, 1920) was a battle between Armenian troops and local Turkish The Battle of Sarıkamış was a conflict between the Democratic Republic of Armenia (DRA and Turkish Revolutionaries of the Turkish National Movement The Battle of Kars was a conflict between the Democratic Republic of Armenia (DRA and Turkish Revolutionaries of the Turkish National Movement which The Battle of Alexandropol was a conflict between the Democratic Republic of Armenia (DRA and Turkish Revolutionaries of the Turkish National Movement which The Entente Powers (from Triple Entente) were the countries at war with the Central Powers during World War I. In the Conference of London, ( 12 February - 24 February 1920) following World War I, leaders of Britain France and Italy met to discuss the The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish The San Remo Conference was an international meeting of the post- The Second Constitutional Era (ايکنجى مشروطيت دورى İkinci Meşrûtiyyet Devri) of the Ottoman Empire began shortly after Sultan Abdülhamid Misak-ı Millî ( English: National Oath or National Pact) is the set of six important decisions made by the last term of the Ottoman Parliament The Treaty of Sèvres ( 10 August 1920) was the Peace treaty between the Ottoman Empire and Allies at the end of World War Turkish revolutionaries ( Turkish: Kuvâyi Milliye or Kuvva-i Milliye) were Patriots of the Turkish national movement who rebelled against The Treaty of Alexandropol (Gümrü Antlaşması was a peace treaty between the Democratic Republic of Armenia and the Grand National Assembly of Turkey ending the The Treaty of Moscow or Treaty of Brotherhood was a friendship treaty between Grand National Assembly of Turkey (TBMM under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk The Conference of London ( 21 February and 12 March 1921 and March 1922 London Great Britain) of the post- World War I Allied Cilicia Peace Treaty ( March 9, 1921) was signed between France and the Turkish national movement to end the fighting in Cilicia war The Treaty of Ankara (or the Accord of Ankara; Franklin-Bouillon Agreement; Franco-Turkish Agreement of Ankara) was signed on October 20, The Treaty of Kars (Kars Antlaşması Карсский договор / Karskiy dogovor) was a friendship treaty between the Grand National Assembly of Turkey The Conference of London ( 21 February and 12 March 1921 and March 1922 London Great Britain) of the post- World War I Allied The Armistice of Mudanya was an agreement between Turkey, Italy, France and Britain, signed in the town of Mudanya, Turkey on The Conference of Lausanne was a conference held in Lausanne, Switzerland during 1922 and 1923 The Treaty of Lausanne ( July 24, 1923) was a Peace treaty signed in Lausanne that settled the Anatolian part of the Partitioning This chronology of the Turkish War of Independence is a timeline of events during the Turkish War of Independence ( May 19 1919 October 29

---

© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic