Battle of Dumlupınar
Part of the Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922)
Statue on top of the hill at the memorial for the Battle of Dumlupınar
Date 26 August - 30 August 1922 Location Near Afyonkarahisar, Turkey Result Decisive Turkish victory
Belligerents
Turkey	Greece
Commanders
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk	Georgios Hatzianestis
Strength
199,283 [1]	218,432 [2]
Casualties and losses
unknown[3]	unknown>[4]

The Battle of Dumlupınar was the last battle in the Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922), which is part of the Turkish War of Independence. Events 1071 - Battle of Manzikert: The Seljuk Turks defeat the Byzantine Army at Manzikert. Events 1363 - Beginning date of the Battle of Lake Poyang; the forces of two Chinese rebel leaders— Chen Youliang and Year 1922 ( MCMXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Afyonkarahisar is a city in western Turkey, the capital of Afyon Province. Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (19 May 1881 &ndash 10 November 1938 was an army officer revolutionary Statesman Georgios Hatzianestis ( Greek: Γεώργιος Χατζηανέστης Yorgo Hacıanesti (1863 - 15 November 1922) was a Greek General The Turkish War of Independence (Kurtuluş Savaşı May 19, 1919 October 29, 1923) refers to the political and military resistance developed The battle was fought during 26 August - 30 August 1922, near Afyonkarahisar in Turkey. Events 1071 - Battle of Manzikert: The Seljuk Turks defeat the Byzantine Army at Manzikert. Events 1363 - Beginning date of the Battle of Lake Poyang; the forces of two Chinese rebel leaders— Chen Youliang and Year 1922 ( MCMXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Afyonkarahisar is a city in western Turkey, the capital of Afyon Province. Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches

Contents 1 Background 2 Preparations 3 The battle 4 Results 5 References

Background

Following the attrition battle on the Sakarya River (Battle of Sakarya) in August-September 1921, the Greek forces under General Papoulas retreated to a defensive line extending from the town of İzmit (Nicomedia) to the towns of Eskişehir and Afyonkarahisar. The Sakarya ( Greek Σαγγάριος, Latinized as Sangarius) is a River in Asia Minor. The Battle of Sakarya, also known as the Battle of Sangarios, was an important engagement in the Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922 and Turkish War of Independence Anastasios Papoulas (Αναστάσιος Παπούλας 1859 - March 1935 was a Greek general and commander-in-chief during the Greco-Turkish War of 1919-1922 İzmit (ancient Nicomedia) is a city in Turkey, administrative center of Kocaeli Province as well as the Kocaeli Metropolitan Municipality Nicomedia ( Greek: Νικομήδεια modern İzmit) was founded by Nicomedes I of Bithynia at the head of the Gulf of Astacus which opens Eskişehir ( eskē'shehēr, Eskişehir "Old City" Latin: Dorylaeum; Greek: Δορύλαιον Dorylaion) is a city Afyonkarahisar is a city in western Turkey, the capital of Afyon Province. The Greek line formed a 700-km arc stretching in a North-South direction along difficult hilly ground with high hills, called tepes, rising out of broken terrain and was considered to be easily defensible. A single track railway line ran from Afyonkarahisar to Dumlupınar, a fortified valley town some 30 miles West of Afyonkarahisar surrounded by the mountains Murat Dağı and Ahır Dağı, and thence to İzmir (Smyrna) on the coast. İzmir, historically Smyrna, is the third most populous city of Turkey and the country's largest port after İstanbul. This article is on the Ancient Greek city of Smyrna principally in connection with the ruins remaining to this day This railway was the main supply route of the Greeks. The Greek HQ at Smyrna was effectively incapable of communicating with the front or exercising operational control.

Preparations

Following the unsuccessful outcome of the Battle of Sakarya, the Greek command structure underwent many changes. The Battle of Sakarya, also known as the Battle of Sangarios, was an important engagement in the Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922 and Turkish War of Independence Significant forces were withdrawn from the line and redeployed in Thrace for an offensive against İstanbul, which never materialised. Thrace (Тракия Trakiya or "Trakija" or Trakia, Θράκη Thráki, Trakya is a historical and geographic area in southeast Europe Istanbul (historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see the other Names of Istanbul) is the largest city of Turkey The remaining Greek forces were under the overall command of General Hatzianestis, who had replaced General Papoulas in May 1922, and was widely regarded as mad. Georgios Hatzianestis ( Greek: Γεώργιος Χατζηανέστης Yorgo Hacıanesti (1863 - 15 November 1922) was a Greek General The morale of the Greek troops was not high, as many had already been under arms for several years, and there was no prospect for a quick resolution of the war. Political dissent and the fact that they were occupying unfriendly territories further depressed their morale.

Despite pressure to attack building up at Ankara, Mustafa Kemal who had been appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Turkish Army, waited and utilized the breathing space to strengthen his forces and split the Allies through adroit diplomatic moves, ensuring that French and Italian sympathies lay with Turks rather than the Greeks. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (19 May 1881 &ndash 10 November 1938 was an army officer revolutionary Statesman This diplomatically isolated the pro-Greek British.

He finally decided to strike the Greeks in August 1922. Knowing that Turkish forces were only adequate to mount one major offensive, he strengthened the Turkish 1st Army under Nureddin Pasha, which was deployed against the southern flank of the Greek salient jutting out to Afyonkarahisar. Nureddin Pasha, often called Nureddin Pasha the Bearded ( Sakallı Nurettin Paşa') was a Turkish military officer who served in the Ottoman Afyonkarahisar is a city in western Turkey, the capital of Afyon Province. It was a risky gamble, because if the Greek Army counter-attacked on his weakened right flank and pivoted south, his forces would be cut off.

On the eve of the battle, the Greeks enjoyed an edge in manpower and were better equipped with machine guns, field guns and transport. The Turks had more heavy artillery and superior cavalry commanded by the Gen. Fahrettin.

The defenses were manned by the Greek A' Corps commanded by Gen. Tricoupis, with HQ at Afyonkarahisar. The four divisions of this corps covered an area of 180 km. On the north of the Greek A' Corps lay the Greek B' Corps under Gen. Dighenis, which covered a sector of 170 km with five divisions. Each Greek division comprised 2-3 infantry regiments, 2 mountain artillery batteries (75mm), and one 105mm battery. Although numerically strong, the Greeks were very deficient on heavy artillery (only 40 outdated pieces existed in the entire front) and cavalry (one half-company per division).

The battle

The Turkish attack opened against the Southern flank of the Afyonkarahisar salient on the morning of August 26, 1922. Watched from the commanding peak of Kocatepe by Mustafa Kemal, CGS Fevzi Pasha, İsmet İnönü and Nureddin, Turkish guns silenced the Greek batteries by knocking out the Greek observation posts. Mustafa İsmet İnönü ( September 24 1884 &ndash December 25, 1973) was a Turkish Army General, Prime Minister Turkish infantry advanced against strong opposition and made significant gains. The breakthrough came next day when the Turkish 4 Corps under Col. Sami took the 5000 feet high peak of Erkmentepe, and Fahrettin led his cavalry into Greek rear areas. The Greeks fell into disarray. General Frangou (commanding the Greek I Division) retreated West from Dumlupınar, losing touch with A' Corps. The Greek Corps commanders Tricoupis and Dighenis fell back on Dumlupınar, their disintegrating forces running for İzmir. The Turks closed the ring around Dumlupınar on August 30th, Fevzi and Mustafa Kemal commanding the two encircling columns. Tricoupis and Dighenis, who were trying to escape North from Dumlupınar across the slopes of Murat Dağı, were surrounded on September 2/3 as they descended to the Banaz valley.

Results

See also: Great Fire of Smyrna

The Turks chased the fleeing Greeks 250 miles to İzmir, which was burned as the Greek army and civilian population fled. The Great Fire of Smyrna is the name commonly given to the fire that ravaged İzmir / Smyrna starting 13 September 1922 and lasted for four days The last Greek troops left Anatolia on 16th September. The Armistice of Mudanya was signed by Turkey, Italy, France and Great Britain on October 11th, 1922. The Armistice of Mudanya was an agreement between Turkey, Italy, France and Britain, signed in the town of Mudanya, Turkey on Greece was forced to accede to it on October 14th.

To commemorate this victory, August 30 is celebrated as Victory Day (Zafer Bayramı), a national holiday in Turkey. Events 1363 - Beginning date of the Battle of Lake Poyang; the forces of two Chinese rebel leaders— Chen Youliang and The official Holidays in Turkey are established by the Act 2429 of March 191981 that replaced the Act 2739 of May 27 1935 Millions of Turkish citizens hang the Turkish flag on this day in remembrance of those who risked and gave their lives to save their country.

References

• AFYONKARAHİSAR KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY
• [1]

Battle of Dumlupınar

Battle of Dumlupınar(2)

Battle of Dumlupınar(3)

Battle of Dumlupınar(4)

The Turkish War of Independence (Kurtuluş Savaşı May 19, 1919 October 29, 1923) refers to the political and military resistance developed The Partitioning of the Ottoman Empire was a political event that occurred after World War I. " The establishment of the Turkish national movement " explains the creation of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. Turkish revolutionaries ( Turkish: Kuvâyi Milliye or Kuvva-i Milliye) were Patriots of the Turkish national movement who rebelled against The Turkish National Movement encompasses the political and military activities of the Turkish revolutionaries which resulted with the creation and shaping of the Republic The Chanak Crisis (or Affair) in September 1922 was the threatened attack on British and French troops stationed near Çanakkale (Chanak to The 1923 population exchange between Greece and Turkey is the first large-scale population exchange, or agreed mutual expulsion in the 20th century Malta exiles (Malta sürgünleri (between March 1919 October 1920 is the term for politicians high ranking soldiers (mainly administrators and intellectuals of the Ottoman Empire Outpost Society (Karakol Cemiyeti were secret societal organizations outside of yet within the Istanbul government whose purpose was to resist the efforts of Mustafa The King-Crane Commission was an official investigation during 1919 by the United States government into the circumstances and conditions existing in certain parts of the former The Khilafat movement (1919-1924 was a political campaign launched mainly by Muslims in South Asia to influence the British government and to protect the The Entente Powers (from Triple Entente) were the countries at war with the Central Powers during World War I. 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In the Conference of London, ( 12 February - 24 February 1920) following World War I, leaders of Britain France and Italy met to discuss the The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish The San Remo Conference was an international meeting of the post- The Second Constitutional Era (ايکنجى مشروطيت دورى İkinci Meşrûtiyyet Devri) of the Ottoman Empire began shortly after Sultan Abdülhamid Misak-ı Millî ( English: National Oath or National Pact) is the set of six important decisions made by the last term of the Ottoman Parliament The Treaty of Sèvres ( 10 August 1920) was the Peace treaty between the Ottoman Empire and Allies at the end of World War Turkish revolutionaries ( Turkish: Kuvâyi Milliye or Kuvva-i Milliye) were Patriots of the Turkish national movement who rebelled against The Treaty of Alexandropol (Gümrü Antlaşması was a peace treaty between the Democratic Republic of Armenia and the Grand National Assembly of Turkey ending the The Treaty of Moscow or Treaty of Brotherhood was a friendship treaty between Grand National Assembly of Turkey (TBMM under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk The Conference of London ( 21 February and 12 March 1921 and March 1922 London Great Britain) of the post- World War I Allied Cilicia Peace Treaty ( March 9, 1921) was signed between France and the Turkish national movement to end the fighting in Cilicia war The Treaty of Ankara (or the Accord of Ankara; Franklin-Bouillon Agreement; Franco-Turkish Agreement of Ankara) was signed on October 20, The Treaty of Kars (Kars Antlaşması Карсский договор / Karskiy dogovor) was a friendship treaty between the Grand National Assembly of Turkey The Conference of London ( 21 February and 12 March 1921 and March 1922 London Great Britain) of the post- World War I Allied The Armistice of Mudanya was an agreement between Turkey, Italy, France and Britain, signed in the town of Mudanya, Turkey on The Conference of Lausanne was a conference held in Lausanne, Switzerland during 1922 and 1923 The Treaty of Lausanne ( July 24, 1923) was a Peace treaty signed in Lausanne that settled the Anatolian part of the Partitioning This chronology of the Turkish War of Independence is a timeline of events during the Turkish War of Independence ( May 19 1919 October 29

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