| Battle of Carthage | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Muslim conquests | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||||
| Umayyad Caliphate | Byzantine Empire | ||||||||
| Commanders | |||||||||
| Hasan ibn al-Nu'man al-Ghassani | John the Patrician, Tiberius Apsimarus | ||||||||
| Strength | |||||||||
| 40,000 | Unknown but larger | ||||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||||
| Low | High | ||||||||
The Battle of Carthage was fought in 698 CE between a Byzantine expeditionary force and the armies of the Umayyad Caliphate. The initial Arab Muslim conquests (632–732 (فتح Fatah, literally opening, also referred to as the Islamic conquests or Arab Events By Place Byzantine Empire Tiberius III deposes Leontius and becomes Byzantine Emperor. Carthage (Καρχηδών Karkhēdōn, Carthago from the Phoenician קרת חדשת phn-Latn Qart-ḥadašt meaning new town) refers Carthage (Καρχηδών Karkhēdōn, Carthago from the Phoenician קרת חדשת phn-Latn Qart-ḥadašt meaning new town) refers Hasān ibn an-Nu'mān al-Ghassānī (حسن ابن النعمان الغساني (d Tiberios III or Tiberius III ( Greek: Τιβέριος Γ' (d Having lost Carthage to the Muslims, Emperor Leontius sent the navy under the command of John the Patrician and the droungarios Tiberius Apsimarus. Leontios or Leontius (Λεόντιος LEONTIVS (d 705 was Byzantine emperor from 695 to 698 A droungarios, also spelled drungarios (δρουγγάριος drungarius or in its English form drungary, was a Military rank of the late Roman They entered the harbor and successfully recaptured it, and the city, in a stunning surprise attack. The Arab forces fled to Kairouan. Kairouan ( Arabic القيروان (also known as Kirwan, Al Qayrawan) is a Muslim holy city which ranks after Mecca, Medina As Gibbon writes, "the Christians landed; the citizens hailed the ensign of the cross, and the winter was idly wasted in the dream of victory or deliverance. Edward Gibbon ( April 27, 1737 January 16, 1794) was an English historian and Member of Parliament. "
The emir Hasan ibn al-Nu'man was in the midst of pacifying the lands of Tamazgh (as it is called by the indigenous peoples)
idg. when? or Maghreb (Arabic for the west), but withdrew from campaigning in the field to confront the renewed Roman challenge to the emerging caliphate. Hasān ibn an-Nu'mān al-Ghassānī (حسن ابن النعمان الغساني (d The Maghreb (المغرب العربي al-Maġrib al-ʿArabī) also rendered Maghrib (or rarely Moghreb) meaning "place of Sunset At Kairouan, he began plans to re-take Carthage the following spring. Kairouan ( Arabic القيروان (also known as Kirwan, Al Qayrawan) is a Muslim holy city which ranks after Mecca, Medina Carthage (Καρχηδών Karkhēdōn, Carthago from the Phoenician קרת חדשת phn-Latn Qart-ḥadašt meaning new town) refers It is estimated that he headed a force of 40,000 men. The Romans sent out a call for help to their traditional allies, the native Amazigh, and even to their enemies the Visigoths and the Franks. Berbers are the indigenous peoples of North Africa west of the Nile Valley. The Visigoths (Visigothi, Wisigothi, Vesi, Visi, Wesi, or Wisi were one of two main branches of the Goths, an East The Franks or Frankish people (Franci or gens Francorum) were West Germanic tribes first identified in the 3rd century as an Ethnic group Despite having re-taken the city
re-taken?, the Romans were in disarray due to the bitter in-fighting that characterized medieval Romania and sapped much of its strength. The previous exarch Gennadius had been a traitor to the Christian cause, defecting to the Muslims and becoming their vassal. The king of the Visigoths, Witiza, sent a reputed force of 500 warriors in order to help defend Carthage, perhaps to help check the rising Muslim threat which was lopping off large chunks of the Roman empire, so close to Visigothic Hispania. The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial The Visigoths (Visigothi, Wisigothi, Vesi, Visi, Wesi, or Wisi were one of two main branches of the Goths, an East Hispania was the name given by the Romans to the whole of the Iberian Peninsula (modern Portugal, Spain, Andorra, Gibraltar perhaps?
Hasan ibn al-Nu'man, enraged at having to retake a city that had not resisted the Roman take over, offered no terms except to surrender or die. Hasān ibn an-Nu'mān al-Ghassānī (حسن ابن النعمان الغساني (d The emperor Leontius, infamous for his harsh reaction to failure, had also given his forces instructions of victory or death. Leontios or Leontius (Λεόντιος LEONTIVS (d 705 was Byzantine emperor from 695 to 698 The Romans did sally forth and presented battle to the Arabs directly, but were defeated. The araB gene Promoter is a bacterial promoter activated by e L-arabinose binding They later preferred to continue to incite revolt through the Amazigh princes. Berbers are the indigenous peoples of North Africa west of the Nile Valley. The Roman commander John decided to wait out the siege behind the walls of Carthage and let the Arabs exhaust themselves, since he could continue to be resupplied from the sea. Carthage (Καρχηδών Karkhēdōn, Carthago from the Phoenician קרת חדשת phn-Latn Qart-ḥadašt meaning new town) refers The araB gene Promoter is a bacterial promoter activated by e L-arabinose binding The defenders were faced with Hassan's overwhelming force deployed in ferocious attacks as his men continuously tried to scale the walls with ladders. The Arabs combined their land assault with an attack from the sea, that caused John and Apsimarus to fear being trapped within the city. Yet, the determination of the defenders resulted in the second and final great destruction of Carthage. The Romans retreated to the islands of Corsica, Sicily and Crete to further resist Muslim expansion and await the emperor's wrath. Corsica (Corse Corsican and Italian: Corsica) is the fourth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea (after Sicily Sicily ( Italian and Sicilian: Sicilia) is an autonomous region of Italy. Crete ( Greek: Κρήτη transliteration: Krētē, modern transliteration Kriti) is the largest of the Greek islands and the
Aftermath
John the Patrician was later murdered after a conspiracy at the hands of his co-commander, Tiberius Apsimarus. Tiberius Apsimarus then, instead of taking the step of returning to Africa to fight the Muslims, sailed instead to Constantinople. Constantinople (Κωνσταντινούπολις Konstantinoúpolis, or gr ἡ Πόλις hē Polis, Latin: la CONSTANTINOPOLIS After a successful rebellion he rose to the throne as Tiberius III, and was later deposed by former emperor Justinian II, now known as the Rhinotmetus. Tiberios III or Tiberius III ( Greek: Τιβέριος Γ' (d Justinian II (Ιουστινιανός Β΄ Ioustinianos II; 669&ndashDecember 711 known as Rinotmetos or Rhinotmetus (Ρινότμητος
The conquest of North Africa by the forces of Islam was now nearly complete. For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. Hasan ibn al-Nu'man was triumphant. Hasān ibn an-Nu'mān al-Ghassānī (حسن ابن النعمان الغساني (d Hasan met trouble from the Zenata tribe of Berbers under al-Kahina. Berbers are the indigenous peoples of North Africa west of the Nile Valley. al-Kāhinat ( Classical Arabic for "female seer" modern Maghreb Arabic l-Kahna, commonly romanised as Kah(ina, also known as They inflicted a serious defeat on him and drove him back to Barqa. Barqah ( Arabic: برقه transliterated as Barqah, Barqa or Barka with the first two variants being more accurate than the last However, in 702 CE Caliph Abd al-Malik strongly reinforced him. Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan (646-705 (عبد الملك بن مروان was the 5th Umayyad Caliph. Now with a large army and the support of the settled population of North Africa, Hasan pushed forward. North Africa or Northern Africa is the Northernmost Region of the African Continent, separated by the Sahara from Sub-Saharan He decisively defeated al-Kahina in a battle of Tabarka, 85 miles (136 km) west of Carthage. al-Kāhinat ( Classical Arabic for "female seer" modern Maghreb Arabic l-Kahna, commonly romanised as Kah(ina, also known as Carthage (Καρχηδών Karkhēdōn, Carthago from the Phoenician קרת חדשת phn-Latn Qart-ḥadašt meaning new town) refers He then developed the village of Tunis ten miles from the destroyed Carthage. Tunis ( Arabic: تونس Tūnis) is the Capital of the Tunisian Republic and also the Tunis Around 705 CE Musa ibn Nusayr replaced Hasan. Musa bin Nusair also Musa ben Nusair or Musa Ibn Nusayr (موسى بن نصير 640—716 was a Syrian Muslim who served as a governor and general under He pacified much of North Africa.
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