| Battle of Baugé | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Hundred Years' War | |||||||
|
|||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
| Kingdom of France Kingdom of Scotland |
Kingdom of England | ||||||
| Commanders | |||||||
| John Stewart, 2nd Earl of Buchan, Sieur de Lafayette Constable of France | Thomas of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Clarence † | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| 6,000 | 10,000 | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| light | heavy | ||||||
The Battle of Baugé, fought between the English and the Franco-Scots on March 21, 1421 in Baugé, France, east of Angers, was a major defeat for the English in the Hundred Years' War. The Hundred Years' War (Guerre de Cent Ans was a prolonged conflict lasting from 1337 to 1453 between two royal houses for the French throne vacant with the extinction of the senior Events 630 - Byzantine emperor Heraclius restores the True Cross to Jerusalem. Baugé is a commune in Maine-et-Loire, France. Geography and transport Baugé is located 40km east of Angers, 280km from This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The Kingdom of Scotland ( Gaelic: Rìoghachd na h-Alba, Scots: Kinrick o Scotland) was a State in northwest Europe The Kingdom of England was a State (927-1707 located in Western Europe dating from the ninth or tenth century to the early eighteenth century when it was legally John Stewart, Earl of Buchan, (c 1381 &ndash 17 August, 1424) was the son of Robert Stewart 1st Duke of Albany and his second wife Muriella The Constable of France (connétable de France from Latin comes stabuli for " Count of the stables" as the First Officer of the Crown was one Thomas of Lancaster 1st Duke of Clarence ( 29 September 1388 Kenilworth Castle – 22 March 1421 Battle of Baugé) was The English people (from the adjective in Englisc) are a Nation and Ethnic group native to England who predominantly speak English This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Events 630 - Byzantine emperor Heraclius restores the True Cross to Jerusalem. Baugé is a commune in Maine-et-Loire, France. Geography and transport Baugé is located 40km east of Angers, 280km from This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Angers is a city in the Maine-et-Loire department in northwestern France about 300 km south-west of Paris. The Hundred Years' War (Guerre de Cent Ans was a prolonged conflict lasting from 1337 to 1453 between two royal houses for the French throne vacant with the extinction of the senior The English army was led by the king's brother Thomas of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Clarence, while the Franco-Scots were led by both John Stewart, 2nd Earl of Buchan, and Sieur de Lafayette, the Constable of France. Thomas of Lancaster 1st Duke of Clarence ( 29 September 1388 Kenilworth Castle – 22 March 1421 Battle of Baugé) was John Stewart, Earl of Buchan, (c 1381 &ndash 17 August, 1424) was the son of Robert Stewart 1st Duke of Albany and his second wife Muriella The Constable of France (connétable de France from Latin comes stabuli for " Count of the stables" as the First Officer of the Crown was one English strength was 10,000 men, against the French-Scots' 6,000.
The battle
While Henry was in England raising fresh levies in 1421, his brother Thomas the Duke of Clarence led less than 1,500 [1]men south towards the Loire. They set about besieging the castle at Bauge when a Scottish army of 6,000 men commanded by the Earl of Buchan made contact with them the day before Good Friday. A truce was reached, lasting until Monday, so that the combatants could properly observe the religious occasion of Easter. The English lifted their siege and withdrew to nearby Beaufort, while the Scots camped at La Lude. However, early in the afternoon of Saturday Scottish scouts reported that the English had broken the truce and were advancing upon the Scots, hoping to take them by surprise. The Scots rallied hastily and battle was joined at a bridge which the Duke of Clarence, with banner unfurled for battle, sought to cross. A detachment of a few hundred men under Sir Robert Stewart of Ralston, reinforced by the retinue of Hugh Kennedy, held the bridge and prevented passage long enough for the Earl of Buchan to rally the rest of his army, whereupon they made a fighting retreat to the town where the English archers would be ineffective.
Both armies now joined in a bitter melee that lasted until nightfall. During the melee Sir John Carmichael of Douglasdale broke his lance unhorsing the Duke of Clarence; since that day the Carmichael coat of arms displays an armoured hand holding aloft a broken lance in commemoration of the victory. Once on the ground, the Duke was killed by Sir Alexander Buchanan. The English dead included the Lord Roos, Sir John Grey and Gilbert de Umfraville, whose death directly led to the extinction of the male line of that illustrious family, well known to the Scots since the Wars of Independence. The Earl of Somerset and his brother were captured by Laurence Vernon (later elevated to the rank of knight for his conduct), the Earl of Huntingdon was captured by Sir John Sibbald, and Lord Fitz Walter was taken by Henry Cunningham. On hearing of the Scottish victory, Pope Martin V passed comment by reiterating a common mediaeval saying, that "the Scots are well-known as an antidote to the English. " In the summer of 1421 the Dauphin campaigned north of the Loire and retook much territory. In gratitude to the Scots he made Archibald, 4th Earl of Douglas, Lieutenant-General of the French forces and conferred upon him the title of Duke of Touraine. Sir John Stuart of Darnley received the lands of Aubigny-sur-Nere and Concressault. The Earl of Buchan was made Constable of France. In 1422 the Dauphin created the "hundred men-at-arms of the King's bodyguard", known as the "Hundred Lances of France", to supplement the 24 archers of the Guarde Ecossaise. The Hundred Lances eventually became the company known as the Gendarmerie of France who distinguished themselves at Fontenoy in 1745. John Carmichael was elected bishop of Orleans in 1426, and was one of the 6 bishops to attend the coronation of the Dauphin as Charles VII in 1429 at Rheims. Hugh Kennedy, known to the French as Canede, was granted the right to quarter his coat of arms with the fleur de lys of France.
See also
External links
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