| Battōjutsu (抜刀術) | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Focus | Weaponry |
| Hardness | Non-competitive |
| Country of origin |  Japan |
| Creator | Unknown, sometimes credited to Hayashizaki Jinsuke |
| Parenthood | Kenjutsu |
| Olympic Sport | No |
Battōjutsu (抜刀術?) is a Japanese term meaning techniques for drawing a sword. A weapon is a Tool used either in Hunting, or attack or defence in Combat for the purpose of subduing enemy personnel or to destroy enemy weapons For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. is the Japanese martial art specializing in the use of the Japanese Sword ( Katana) is a language spoken by over 130 million people in Japan and in Japanese emigrant communities It is often used interchangeably with the terms iaijutsu, battōdō, or iaidō, although each term does have nuances in the Japanese language and different schools of Japanese martial arts may use them to differentiate between techniques (e. often translated roughly as the "art of mental presence and immediate reaction" is the Japanese martial art of drawing the sword is a Japanese martial art associated with the smooth controlled movements of drawing the Sword from its Scabbard, striking or cutting an opponent removing blood Japanese martial arts refers to the enormous variety of Martial arts native to Japan. g. standing or sitting techniques). The emphasis of training in battōjutsu is on cutting with the sword. All terms are somewhat more specific than kenjutsu or kendō which more broadly means simply sword techniques, and is often used to refer to techniques where the sword is already out of the saya. is the Japanese martial art specializing in the use of the Japanese Sword ( Katana) or " way of the sword " is the Japanese and South Korean martial art of sword-fighting is the Japanese term for a Scabbard, and specifically refers to the scabbard for a sword or knife
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Comparison with Iaidō and Iaijutsu
The emphasis of training in iaidō is on quickly and correctly drawing the sword, striking, and returning the sword to its saya (scabbard/sheath). Battōjutsu usually incorporate multiple cuts after drawing the sword. Often the focus in any form of iaidō is on cutting with the draw (i. e. cutting from the saya, rather than first drawing the sword and then engaging an enemy as a separate action. Also called "Battokiri" translated as "cutting draw"). Consequently, battōjutsu students may also practice cutting techniques on real objects (on soaked straw mats), while iaidō students rarely do.
Significance of -dō and -jutsu
Karl Friday in his book, Legacies of the Sword, discusses the historical usage of various terms in Japanese to describe sword arts. Suffice it to say, that while in English many people may dispute the use of -dō or -jutsu or else ascribe specific differences to the terms battō or iai, these differences are not nearly as clear in the original language and the words are often used interchangeably. In general however, -dō refers to the way of. . . , usually including mental and spiritual practices, whereas -jutsu refers to the art of. . . , specifically the actual forms and techniques of the style.
History
The origins of drawing the sword from the sheath and cutting on the draw are murky. Although various martial traditions in Japan have legendary founders going back many years, much credit is given to Hayashizaki Jinsuke. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. He is now enshrined at the Hayashizaki Jinja, a shrine in the Tōhoku region of Japan seen by many modern practitioners as the chief shrine for iai. The is a geographical area of Japan. Tōhoku is Japanese for "northeast" and the Tōhoku region occupies the northeastern portion of Honshū is a Japanese martial art associated with the smooth controlled movements of drawing the Sword from its Scabbard, striking or cutting an opponent removing blood The concept of battōjutsu may have existed before this time, but it is unclear who was the first person to actually use the term.
Schools
Ryūha, or Japanese martial traditions, which teach battōjutsu are relatively uncommon in Japan, and less common in America and other countries. A Ryū (流 literally "flow" with the derived meaning of "mainstream" or ryūha (流派 literally "mainstream school (of thought" The United States of America —commonly referred to as the This is in contrast to the relatively high degree of availability of open hand training, such as karate and aikido. ( or is a martial art developed in the Ryukyu Islands from indigenous fighting methods and Chinese Kenpō. is a Japanese martial art developed by Morihei Ueshiba as a synthesis of his martial studies philosophy and religious beliefs Here is a partial list of ryūha which include what could be called battōjutsu in the broad sense of drawing and cutting from the saya, although some of them more often use the terms iaidō, iaijutsu, or battōdō.
Listed in the Bugei Ryuha Daijiten (武芸流派大辞典, the Encyclopedia of Martial Arts Traditions) as koryū, or arts developed before the Meiji era. The or "Encyclopedia of Martial art schools", originally Bugei Ryuha Jiten (武芸流派辞典 is a catalog of Koryū Bujutsu (old schools The, or Meiji era, denotes the 45-year reign of the Meiji Emperor, running in the Gregorian calendar, from 23 October 1868 to 30 July
- Musō Jikiden Eishin-ryū -- Traces back to the Hayashizaki Ryū Iai of Hayashizaki Junsuke (Late 15th century)
- Musō Shinden-ryū -- Traces back to the Hayashizaki Ryū Iai of Hayashizaki Junsuke (Late 15th century)
- Suiō-ryū Iai Kenpō -- Founded around 1600 by Mima Yoichizaemon Kagenobu
- Shin Shin Sekiguchi-ryū -- Sekiguchi Ryū was founded by Sekiguchi Yorokuuemon Ujimune. meaning "peerless directly transmitted school of Eishin" is one of the most widely practiced school of the Japanese martial art of Iaidō in Musō Shinden ryū (夢想神伝流 is a branch of the discipline Iaido. is a style of classical Japanese Swordsmanship. It was founded by Mima Yoichizaemon Kagenobu (1577-1665
- Mugai-ryū -- Founded in 1693 by Tsuji Gettan Sukemochi, who had previously learned Yamaguchi Ryū kenjutsu. is a Japanese Koryū Martial art school founded by (sometimes written as "Sukeshige" in 1695.
- Jigen-ryū -- Founded by Tōgō Hizen-no-kami Shigetada, its lineage traces back to the Shintō Ryū of Iizasa Chōisai Ienao.
- Tenshin Shōden Katori Shintō-ryū -- Founded in the 15th Century by Iizasa Chōisai Ienao. is one of the oldest extant Japanese martial arts, and an exemplar of koryū Bujutsu.
- Yagyū Shinkage-ryū -- From the Shinkage Ryū of Yagyū Muneyoshi, who studied under Kamiizumi Nobutsuna in the 16th Century. is one of the oldest Japanese schools of swordsmanship ( Kenjutsu)
- Yoshin-ryu -- from the Yoshin ryu founded by Akiyama Shirobei Yoshitoki in the mid 17th Century. ("The School of the Willow Heart" is a common name for one of several different martial traditions founded in Japan in the Edo Period.
Listed in the Bugei Ryuha Daijiten as arts developed after the beginning of the Meiji era.
- Toyama-ryū -- Founded in the late 19th, early 20th century to instruct officers at the Toyama Military Academy. is a modern form of iai created by the Imperial Japanese Army in 1925 at the Rikugun Toyama Gakko or "Toyama Army Academy" in Toyama Tokyo Japan
- Nakamura-ryū -- Founded by Nakamura Taizaburō in the mid-20th century, who had learned Toyama-ryu at the Toyama Military Academy. is a modern Battōjutsu style created by Nakamura Taizaburo (1912–2003
Battōjutsu in popular culture
- In the popular animé and manga series Rurouni Kenshin, Himura Kenshin uses a fictional style of battōjutsu known as Hiten Mitsurugi-Ryū that focuses on the use of speed and complex aerial maneuvers. (anime in Japanese, ˈmɑŋgə is the Japanese word for Comics (sometimes called komikku コミック and print Cartoons In their modern form manga date from shortly is a Japanese Manga series written and illustrated by Nobuhiro Watsuki. known as Kenshin Himura in the English-language dub, is a Fictional character from the Rurouni Kenshin universe created
- The character Setsuka in Soul Calibur 3 uses an Iaito concealed in an umbrella, in a manner similar to battojutsu. is a Fighting game produced by Namco and is the Sequel to Soulcalibur II and is the fourth overall installment in the Soul A is an imitation Katana used for practicing the Japanese martial art of Iaidō. Also, the character Mitsurugi has several stance techniques resembling battōjutsu. is a Video game character designed for the Soul series of Fighting games.
- In Samurai Warriors 2, some of Akechi Mitsuhide's attacks came out from his scabbard. Samurai Warriors 2 (戦国無双2 Sengoku Musou 2 in Japan is a sequel to the original Samurai Warriors, created by Koei nicknamed Jūbei or, was a Samurai who lived during the Sengoku period of Feudal Japan. One happens as a charge attack, one occurs during his normal attack, and two come from his special stance: a super-fast forward cut that leaves a shadow for a brief moment, and a counter.
- In Dynasty Warriors 4 and 5 Extreme Legends, Zhou Tai uses it in his normal, charge and musou attacks.
- In Bushido Blade 2, Gengoro, when equipped with the katana, has a series of attacks and stances from battojutsu.
- Future Hiro Nakamura in Heroes reveals that he trained in Touhoku in battojutsu. is a character on the NBC Drama Heroes who possesses the ability of space-time manipulation enabling him to teleport, manipulate time
References
- Wagner, Gordon, Donn F. Draeger. Japanese Swordsmanship: Technique and Practice. New York and Tokyo: Weatherhill Inc. , 2001.
- Friday, Karl. Legacies of the Sword: The Kashima-Shinryu and Samurai Martial Culture. Honolulu, US: University of Hawai'i Press, 1997.
- Obata, Toshishiro. Crimson Steel. Essex, UK: Dragon Books, 1987.
- Obata, Toshishiro. Naked Blade. Essex, UK: Dragon Books, 1985.
- Yamada, Tadashi and Watatani Kiyoshi. Bugei Ryuha Daijiten. The or "Encyclopedia of Martial art schools", originally Bugei Ryuha Jiten (武芸流派辞典 is a catalog of Koryū Bujutsu (old schools Tokyo, Japan: Tokyo Koppi Shuppanbu, 1979.
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