 Ship replica of the Batavia |
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| Career (Dutch Republic) |  |
|---|---|
| Name: | Batavia |
| Namesake: | Settlement Batavia |
| Owner: | Dutch East India Company Chamber of Amsterdam |
| Completed: | 1628 |
| Fate: | Wrecked on the Houtman Abrolhos on 4 June 1629 |
| General characteristics | |
| Type: | East Indiaman |
| Tonnage: | 650 tons |
| Displacement: | Circa 1200 tons |
| Length: | 56. A ship replica is a reconstruction of a no longer existing ship "United Netherlands" redirects here For the "Kingdom of the United Netherlands" see United Kingdom of the Netherlands. Jakarta (also DKI Jakarta) is the Capital and largest city of Indonesia. The Dutch East India Company ( Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie or VOC in old-spelling Dutch, literally "United East Indian Amsterdam (pronounced) is the capital and largest city of the Netherlands, located in the province of North Holland in the west A shipwreck can refer to a wrecked ship or to the event that caused the wreck such as the striking of something that causes the ship to sink the stranding of the ship on rocks The Houtman Abrolhos (often informally called the Abrolhos Islands) is a chain of 122 islands and associated Coral reefs in the Indian Ocean off the west Events 781 BC - The first historic Solar eclipse is recorded in China. An East Indiaman was a Ship operating under charter or licence to the Honourable East India Company. 6 metres (186 ft) |
| Beam: | 10. 5 metres (34 ft) |
| Height: | 55 metres (180 ft) |
| Draught: | 5. 1 metres (17 ft) |
| Propulsion: | Sails (1180 m2) |
| Crew: | 341 men (incl. passengers) |
| Armament: | 24 cast-iron cannons |
Batavia was a ship of the Dutch East India Company (VOC). | NOTE Throughout this article "cannon" is used as BOTH the || singular and plural The Dutch East India Company ( Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie or VOC in old-spelling Dutch, literally "United East Indian She was built in Amsterdam in 1628, and had 24 cast-iron cannons. Amsterdam (pronounced) is the capital and largest city of the Netherlands, located in the province of North Holland in the west Cast iron usually refers to grey cast iron, but identifies a large group of Ferrous Alloys which solidify with a Eutectic. | NOTE Throughout this article "cannon" is used as BOTH the || singular and plural Batavia was shipwrecked on her maiden voyage, and made famous by the subsequent mutiny and massacre that took place among the survivors. A shipwreck can refer to a wrecked ship or to the event that caused the wreck such as the striking of something that causes the ship to sink the stranding of the ship on rocks Maiden Voyage is the fifth Album led by Jazz musician Herbie Hancock, and was recorded by Rudy Van Gelder in 1965 for Blue Note Mutiny is a conspiracy among members of a group of similarly-situated individuals (typically members of the Military; or the Crew of any ship even A twentieth century replica of the ship is also called the Batavia. A ship replica is a reconstruction of a no longer existing ship
Contents |
Mutiny on the Batavia
On 29 October 1628, the newly built Batavia, commissioned by the Dutch East India Company, sailed from Texel[1] for the Dutch East Indies to obtain spices. Events 437 - Valentinian III, Western Roman Emperor, marries Licinia Eudoxia, daughter of his cousin Theodosius II The Dutch East India Company ( Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie or VOC in old-spelling Dutch, literally "United East Indian Texel is a municipality and an Island in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. See http//enwikipediaorg/wiki/WikipediaFootnotes for an explanation of how to generate footnotes using the tags and the template below A spice is a dried Seed, Fruit, Root, Bark or vegetative substance used in Nutritionally insignificant quantities as a Food additive It sailed under Commandeur and opperkoopman (senior merchant) François Pelsaert, with skipper Adriaen Jacobsz. Francisco Pelsaert (first name sometimes reported as "François" surname also spelled "Pelsart" (c These two had previously encountered each other in Surat, India. Although some animosity had developed between them there, it is not known whether Pelsaert even remembered Jacobsz when he boarded Batavia. Also on board was the onderkoopman (junior merchant) Jeronimus Cornelisz, a bankrupt pharmacist from Haarlem who was fleeing the Netherlands in fear of arrest because of his heretical beliefs. Jeronimus Cornelisz ( Leeuwarden 1598 - October 2 1629) (properly Corneliszoon 'son of Cornelis' was a Frisian Apothecary in the past usually Harlem in English is a city in the Netherlands. Heresy, as a blanket term describes a practice or belief that is labeled as unorthodox
During the voyage, Jacobsz and Cornelisz conceived a plan to hijack the ship, which would allow them to start a new life somewhere using the supply of trade gold and silver then on board. After leaving South Africa, where they had stopped for supplies, Jacobsz deliberately steered the ship off course away from the rest of the fleet. The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa Jacobsz and Cornelisz had already gathered a group of men around them and arranged an incident from which the mutiny was to ensue. Mutiny is a conspiracy among members of a group of similarly-situated individuals (typically members of the Military; or the Crew of any ship even This involved attacking a young female passenger on board in order to provoke Pelsaert into disciplining the crew. They hoped to paint his discipline as unfair and recruit more members out of sympathy. However, Pelsaert made no arrests and the mutineers were forced to wait.
On June 4, 1629 the ship struck a reef near Beacon Island (Coordinates: ), part of the group of islands and reefs termed the Houtman Abrolhos off the Western Australian coast. Events 781 BC - The first historic Solar eclipse is recorded in China. In nautical terminology a reef is a rock, sandbar, or other feature lying beneath the surface of the water (six fathoms or less at low water A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. The Houtman Abrolhos (often informally called the Abrolhos Islands) is a chain of 122 islands and associated Coral reefs in the Indian Ocean off the west Western Australia is a state occupying the entire western third of the Australian continent. [1] Of the 341 on board, 38 were passengers including women and children; most were transferred to nearby islands in the ship's longboat and yawl, but 40 drowned. Not to be confused with Vikings ' Longships In the days of sailing ships a vessel would carry several boats for various uses YAWL (Yet Another Workflow Language is a Workflow language based on the Workflow patterns. An initial survey of the islands found no fresh water and limited food (sea lions and birds). For other uses of the term "sea lion" see Sea lion (disambiguation. Leaving 268 people behind, a group comprising the captain, senior officers, Francisco Pelsaert, a few crewmembers, and some passengers, left the wreck site in a 30 feet (9. 1 m) longboat (a replica of which has also been made) in search of drinking water. Not to be confused with Vikings ' Longships In the days of sailing ships a vessel would carry several boats for various uses A ship replica is a reconstruction of a no longer existing ship Water of sufficient quality to serve as drinking water is termed potable water whether it is used for drinking or not After an unsuccessful search for water on the mainland, the group headed north to the city of Batavia, now Jakarta. Jakarta (also DKI Jakarta) is the Capital and largest city of Indonesia. This journey, which ranks as one of the greatest navigation feats of the day, took thirty-three days and all aboard survived. After their arrival in Batavia, Pelsaert was sent back to rescue the other survivors. He arrived at the site two months after leaving Batavia on the vessel Sardam, only to discover that a mutiny had taken place. The Sardam was a 17th century Dutch East India Company (VOC Yacht (Dutch jacht)
Jeronimus Cornelisz was well aware that if the longboat party ever reached the port of Batavia, Pelsaert would report the impending mutiny and Jakobsz would put the blame on him. Jakarta (also DKI Jakarta) is the Capital and largest city of Indonesia. Mutiny is a conspiracy among members of a group of similarly-situated individuals (typically members of the Military; or the Crew of any ship even Therefore, he made plans to hijack any rescue ship that might return, and seek a safe haven with that. He even made plans to start a new kingdom. For this, he needed to eliminate any possible opponents. Although Cornelisz never committed any murders himself, he used his powers of persuasion to coerce others into doing the dirty work for him. His followers murdered a total of 125 men, women, and children, after moving a group of soldiers led by Wiebbe Hayes (also known as "Weybehays") to nearby West Wallabi Island under false pretences. Wiebbe Hayes (born about 1608 was a colonial Soldier from Winschoten, Netherlands.
  Location of the wreck of the Batavia |
Pelsaert arrived just as Cornelisz's men were trying to eliminate the remaining group, and the combined force captured the mutineers after a short battle.
Facing the prospect of extremely overcrowded conditions on the Saardam in the return voyage to Batavia, with the original crew as well as the rescued parties which would include a large number of known criminals, Pelsaert elected to conduct a trial before departure. After a brief trial the worst offenders, were taken to Seal Island and executed. Capital punishment, the death penalty or execution, is the Killing of a person by judicial process as Punishment. Cornelisz had both hands chopped off before being hanged along with several others. Hanging is the lethal suspension of a person by a ligature The Oxford English Dictionary states that hanging in this sense is "specifically to put to death [2] Two young sailors, considered only minor offenders, were marooned on mainland Australia, never to be heard of again. Marooning is leaving someone behind on purpose in an uninhabited area such as an uninhabited island For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Reports of unusually light-skinned Aborigines in the area by later British settlers have been suggested as evidence that the two men might have been adopted into a local Aboriginal clan. However, numerous other European shipwreck survivors, such as those from the wreck of the Zuytdorp in the same region in 1712, may also have had such contact with indigenous inhabitants. Theory of intermarriage between survivors and indigenous population Archaeology There is also some debate over the first person to discover the wreck in modern times
The lesser offenders were tried in Batavia, where most were executed after being punished by flogging, keelhauling and being dropped from the yard arm. Flagellation is the act of whipping (Latin flagellum, "whip" the human body Keelhauling ( Dutch kielhalen, German Kielholen; "to drag along the keel" was a severe form of Corporal punishment meted A yard is a Spar on a mast from which Sails are set It may be constructed of timber steel or from more modern materials like Aluminum or Cornelisz's second in command was broken on the wheel. The breaking wheel (also known as the Catherine wheel) was a torturous Capital punishment device used in the Middle Ages and early modern times for Despite being tortured, Jakobsz did not confess to his part in planning the mutiny, and thereby escaped execution due to lack of evidence. What finally happened to him is not known, but it is suspected that he died in prison in Batavia. Pelsaert was held partly responsible for what happened because of lack of authority. Wiebbe Hayes was promoted. Of the original 341 on board Batavia, only 68 made it to the port of Batavia, the final destination. Jakarta (also DKI Jakarta) is the Capital and largest city of Indonesia.
The wreckage
In April 1840, Captain Stokes on the HMS Beagle, while examining the Abrolhos Islands during Admiralty surveys on the north-west coast reported that:
On the south west point of an island the beams of a large vessel were discovered, and as the crew of the Zeewyk, lost in 1728, reported having seen a wreck of a ship on this part, there is little doubt that the remains were those of the Batavia, Commodore Pelsart, lost in 1627. Admiral John Lort Stokes, RN ( 1812 - June 11, 1885) was an officer in the Royal Navy who travelled on HMS Beagle First Voyage On 27 September 1825 Beagle docked at Woolwich for repairs and fitted out for her new duties at a total cost of £5913 The Admiralty was formerly the authority in the United Kingdom responsible for the command of the Royal Navy. Background The Zeewijk was built in 1725 with a tonnage of 140 lasten (275 We in consequence named our temporary anchorage Batavia Road, and the whole group Pelsart Group. The Pelsaert Group is the southernmost of the three groups of islands that make up the Houtman Abrolhos island chain [2]
It is believed that Stokes had mistaken the two ships and that he had actually discovered the wreck of the Zeewyk.
In 1970, the Batavia wreck and many artifacts were salvaged, including the stern of the ship. The stern is the rear or aft part of a Ship or Boat, technically defined as the area built up over the Sternpost, extending upwards from the Counter In 1972 the Netherlands transferred all rights to Dutch shipwrecks on the Australian coasts to Australia. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Some of the items, including human remains, which were excavated, are now on display in the Western Australian Maritime Museum in Fremantle, Australia. The Western Australian Museum is the main Museum for the state of Western Australia. Fremantle (commonly known as Freo is a Port City in Western Australia, located southwest of Perth, the state capital at the mouth of For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Others are held by the Geraldton Region Museum. These two museums are presently engaged in a dispute over the rights to the remains - including a stone arch, currently in Geraldton which was intended to serve as a stone welcome arch for the city of Batavia. Jakarta (also DKI Jakarta) is the Capital and largest city of Indonesia.
The replica
A replica of the Batavia was built at the Bataviawerf (Batavia Wharf) in Lelystad in the Netherlands. A ship replica is a reconstruction of a no longer existing ship A ship replica is a reconstruction of a no longer existing ship Lelystad ( is a Municipality and a City in the centre of the Netherlands, and it is the Capital of the Province of Flevoland The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands The project lasted from 1985 to 7 April 1995, and was conducted as an employment project for young people under master-shipbuilder Willem Vos. Events 529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 See also Shipbuilding (song. Shipbuilding is the construction of Ships It normally takes place in a specialized facility known as a The shipyard is currently reconstructing another 17th century ship. In contrast to the merchant ship Batavia, Michiel de Ruyters' flagship, the Zeven Provinciën, is a ship of the line. Michiel Adriaenszoon de Ruyter ( 24 March 1607 – 29 April 1676) is one of the most famous Admirals in Dutch history flagship is the lead ship in a fleet of vessels a designation given on account of being either the largest fastest newest most heavily armed or for publicity purposes the most well De Zeven Provinciën was a Dutch Ship of the line, originally armed with 80 guns the name of the ship was also written as De 7 Provinciën A ship-of-the-line was a type of naval warship constructed from the 17th century through the mid-19th century to take part in the the naval tactic known as the Line of battle
The Batavia replica was built with traditional materials, such as oak and hemp and using the tools and methods of the time of the original ship's construction. The term oak can be used as part of the common name of any of about 400 species of Trees and Shrubs in the Genus Quercus (from Latin This article is about the cultivation and uses of industrial hemp not its psychoactive cousin Cannabis (drug. For the design, good use was made of the remains of the original ship in Fremantle (and of the Vasa in Stockholm) as well as historical sources, such as 17th century building descriptions (actual building plans were not made at the time) and prints and paintings by artists (who at the time generally painted fairly true to nature) of similar ships. Fremantle (commonly known as Freo is a Port City in Western Australia, located southwest of Perth, the state capital at the mouth of History During the 17th century Sweden went from being a small poor and peripheral northern European kingdom of little influence to one of the major players in continental politics ('stɔkhɔlm is Sweden 's Capital and its largest City. It is the site of the national Swedish government, the parliament, and the
On 25 September 1999, the new Batavia was transported to Australia by barge and moored at the National Maritime Museum in Sydney. Events 303 - On a voyage preaching the Gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona is beheaded in Amiens, France Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. BARGE, the Big August RecGambling Excursion is a yearly convention held in Las Vegas during the first weekend of August The Australian National Maritime Museum, a Maritime museum operated as a statutory authority of the Australian Government, is located at Darling Harbour Sydney (ˈsɪdniː is the most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 4 In 2000, Batavia was the flagship for the Dutch Olympic Team during the 2000 Olympic Games. "I am proud and happy to proclaim that you have presented to the world the best Olympic Games ever During its stay in Australia, the ship was towed to the ocean once, where it sailed on its own. On 12 June 2001, the ship returned to the Bataviawerf in Lelystad, where it remains on display to visitors. Events 1381 - Peasants' Revolt: in England, rebels arrive at Blackheath. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar.
Publications and other media
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The following list is selective - the fascination with the wreck of Batavia has created an industry - with many other books and articles written apart from the items shown below. Francisco Pelsaert (first name sometimes reported as "François" surname also spelled "Pelsart" (c
- 1647 - Commander Pelsaert died the year after the event, leaving behind his journal of the events. This journal, together with the pamphlet Ongeluckige voyagie van 't schip Batavia (The Unlucky Voyage of the Vessel Batavia), published in 1647, made it possible to rediscover the wreck.
- 1897 - Willem Siebenhaar's 'Abrolhos Tragedy', a translation of Ongeluckige voyagie, was published in the Western Mail. Willem Siebenhaar (1863 - 1936 was a Social activist and Writer in Western Australia from the 1890s until he left Australia in 1924 The Western Mail, or Western Mail, was the name of two weekly newspapers published in Perth Western Australia. The events also formed the basis of a novel called Marooned on Australia (?1896) by the explorer Ernest Favenc. Ernest Favenc ( 21 October 1845 – 14 November 1908) was an explorer of Australia, a journalist and historian The events were to feature in the work of Malcolm Uren (Sailorman's ghosts; 1940) and Douglas Stewart's radioplay shipwrecked, in 1947. Douglas Stewart AO OBE ( 6 May 1913 &mdash 14 Feb 1985) was a major twentieth century Australian poet as
- 1963 - Renowned Australian author Henrietta Drake-Brockman's comprehensive, non-fiction account Voyage to Disaster took her ten years to write. She also wrote a fictional story based on the Batavia, The Wicked and the Fair in 1957. It was Drake-Brockman's own research (including calculating the differences between Dutch nautical miles from the early 17th century and English nautical miles) that led divers to the location of the wreck.
- 1966 - Journalist Hugh Edwards published an account of the shipwreck and its rediscovery by Dave Johnson, Max Cramer and Gerard Cramer and Greg Allen, under the name Island of Angry Ghosts: Murder, Mayhem and Mutiny (1966). Hugh Edwards is a Western Australian author and marine photographer who has written numerous books on maritime local and natural history and diving
- 1970s and 80s - The tale was retold by a number of writers, including Lee Knowles 'Batavia incident' in Cool Summers, Hal Colebatch's 'Batavia suite', Mark O'Connor's poem sequence 'the Batavia' and in Nicholas Hasluck's, The Bellarmine Jug. Hal Gibson Pateshall Colebatch (born October 7 1945) also known as Hal G The Honourable Justice Nicholas Paul Hasluck AM (born 17 October 1942) is an Australian Novelist, poet and short story writer and
- 1990 - Deborah Lisson's book The Devil's Own, which is aimed at young adults, is also based on the events of Batavia mutiny and massacre. This book won the Western Australian Premier's Award in 1991.
- 1991 - A sub-plot in Gary Crew's novel Strange Objects included two men who sailed Batavia, Wouter Loos, and Jan Pelgrom. Gary David Crew (b 23 September, 1947) is an Australian writer of Young adult fiction.
- 1993 - Philippe Godard's book The First and Last Voyage of the Batavia provides a wealth of illustrations, along with details of Batavia's construction, objectives and, of course, the traumatic events in the islands off the West Australian coast. At the end of the book is an English translation of Pelsaert's pamphlet regarding the events on Batavia. The construction of Batavia's second incarnation is also covered with a number of detailed photographs of the new ship.
- 1995 - Prospero Productions made a 52 minute documentary entitled "Batavia Wreck, mutiny and murder. " Filmed on location.
- 2000 - Arabella Edge's novel The Company is also based on the events of 1629, as is Kathryn Heyman's novel The Accomplice (2003). Kathryn Heyman (born 1965 is an Australian Writer, born in Lismore New South Wales. Whereas Edge tells the story from the perspective of Cornelisz, the chief mutineer, Heyman's The Accomplice is based on the predicament of Judith Bastiaansz, the Predikant's daughter.
- 2000 - The story was also told in a one-hour radio drama, Southland, written by D. J. Britton and broadcast in September 2000 on BBC Radio 4.
- 2001 - The story was retold in the form of an acclaimed opera, simply titled Batavia, composed by Richard Mills and first performed by Opera Australia. Opera is an art form in which Singers and Musicians perform a Dramatic work (called an opera which combines a text (called a Libretto Batavia is an Opera in three acts and a prologue by Richard Mills to a libretto by Peter Goldsworthy,commissioned by Opera Australia. Richard John Mills AM, DMus BA(Hons Qld, (born 14 November 1949 is an Australian conductor and composer. Opera Australia which is based in Sydney, is Australia 's major Opera company
- 2002 - Architect Frits van Dongen, graphic designer Kees Nieuwenhuijzen, and poet Gerrit Kouwenaar built an apartment complex in Amsterdam named Batavia, with a poem referencing the ship imprinted into a wall of the building. [3]
- 2002 - Historian Mike Dash's book, Batavia's Graveyard: The True Story of the Mad Heretic Who Led History's Bloodiest Mutiny told the whole story in more detail than ever before, making extensive use of Dutch archival sources to explore the early life of Cornelisz and a number of the Batavia's other passengers and crew. Mike Dash (born 1963 is a Welsh writer journalist and researcher Batavia's Graveyard The True Story of the Mad Heretic Who Led History's Bloodiest Mutiny is a 2003 book by Mike Dash about the mutiny by survivors of the
- 2006 - Writer Simon Leys published The Wreck of the Batavia: A True Story, relating the fate of the Batavia and her crew. Pierre Ryckmans (born 28 September 1935, in Brussels, Belgium) who also uses the Pen-name Simon Leys, is a Writer The French version of this book Les Naufragés du Batavia (2003) won the Guizot Prize.
Notes
- ^ a b Registration Information for: Batavia. The Department of Maritime Archaeology Online Databases. Western Australian Museum. Retrieved on 2007-09-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 9 - The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest ends 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul
- ^ a b Kimberly, W. B. (compiler) (1897). History of West Australia. History of West Australia A Narrative Of Her Past Together With Biographies Of Her Leading Men is a folio size book (250 mm x 320 mm compiled by W A Narrative of her Past. Together With Biographies of Her Leading Men. Melbourne: F. W. Niven. p. 10
- ^ ArchiNed Nieuws, website related to the 'Batavia' apartment building in Amsterdam, accessed December 3, 2007.
References
- Crew, Gary. Strange objects Port Melbourne, Vic. : Mammoth Australia, 1991. ISBN 1-86330-113-5
- Dash, Mike. Batavia's graveyard London : Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2002. ISBN 0-575-07024-2
- Drake-Brockman, Henrietta. Voyage to Disaster (new edition with new introduction) Western Australia : University of Western Australia Press, 1995. ISBN 1-875560-32-7
- Edge, Arabella. The company : the story of a murderer Sydney : Picador, 2000 ISBN 0-330-48978-X
- Edwards, Hugh, Islands of angry ghosts London : Hodder & Stoughton, 1966
- Godard, Philippe. The first and last voyage of the Batavia ( with the contribution of Phillida Stephens. ) Perth, W. A : Abrolhos Publishing 1993. ISBN 0-646-10519-1
- Lisson, Deborah. The devil's own Port Melbourne, Vic. : Lothian, 2000. (First ed. : Glebe, N. S. W. : Walter McVitty, 1990) ISBN 0-7344-0128-0
- Leys, Simon The wreck of the Batavia; &, Prosper Melbourne : Black Inc. , 2005. ISBN 1-86395-150-4
External links
- The Batavia Story, a detailed account of the mutiny
- Batavia yard, where the replica was built and is now moored
- Pelsaert, Batavia, 1629 Facsimile of . Ongeluckige voyagie, van't schip Batavia, nae de Oost-Indien [Pelsaert Journal].
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17th century shipwrecks in Australia | |
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| Tryall | 't Wapen van Hoorn | Vianen | Batavia | Vergulde Draeck | Goede Hoop's boat | Waeckende Boey's jawl | Ridderschap van Holland | ||
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