Bastille Day is the French national holiday, celebrated on 14 July each year. The Eiffel Tower (Tour Eiffel /tuʀ ɛfɛl/ is an Iron Tower built This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The National Day is a designated date on which celebrations mark the Nationhood of a Nation or non-sovereign Country. Events 1223 - Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father Philip II of France. In France, it is called "Fête Nationale" ("National Holiday"), in official parlance, or more commonly "quatorze juillet" ("14th of July"). It commemorates the 1790 Fête de la Fédération, held on the first anniversary of the storming of the Bastille on 14 July 1789; the anniversary of the storming of the Bastille was seen as a symbol of the uprising of the modern French nation, and of the reconciliation of all the French inside the constitutional monarchy which preceded the First Republic, during the French Revolution. The Fête de la Fédération of the 14 July 1789 was a huge feast and official event to celebrate the establishment of the short-lived Constitutional The Storming of the Bastille in Paris occurred on 14 July 1789. Events 1223 - Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father Philip II of France. Year 1789 ( MDCCLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The First Republic in France, officially the French Republic (République française was proclaimed on 21 September 1792 during the French Revolution. The French Revolution (1789–1799 was a period of political and social upheaval in the History of France, during which the French governmental structure previously an
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Current festivities
Festivities are held the morning of 14 July, the largest on the Champs-Élysées avenue in Paris in front of the President of the Republic. Bastille Day Military Parade (or 14 July Military Parade translation of the French name of Défilé militaire du 14 juillet) is a French military parade held each year in Events 1223 - Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father Philip II of France. The Avenue des Champs-Élysées (ʃɑ̃zeliˈze) is the most prestigious avenue in Paris. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city The President of the French Republic (Président de la République française colloquially referred to in English as the President of France, is France 's elected
The parade opens with cadets from the École Polytechnique, Saint-Cyr, École Navale, and so forth, then other infantry troops, then motorised troops; aviation of the Patrouille de France flies above. This article refers to the general definition of cadet A Cadet may also be a member of the Cadets, a historical Russian Political party. For other Écoles Polytechniques see École Polytechnique de Montréal and École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne. The École Spéciale Militaire de Saint-Cyr ( ESM, literally the "Special Military School of St Cyr" is the foremost French Military academy. The École Navale is the French Naval Academy in charge of the education of the officers of the French Navy. The Infantry is the oldest and most numerous of the Combat Arms in the Armed forces, and consists Aviation refers to activities involving man-made flying devices ( Aircraft) including the people organizations and regulatory bodies involved with them The Patrouille Acrobatique de France ("French Acrobatic Patrol" commonly referred to as Patrouille de France and sometimes abbreviated as PAF, is the In recent times, it has become customary to invite units from France's allies to the parade; in 2004 during the centenary of the Entente Cordiale, British troops (the band of the Royal Marines, the Household Cavalry Mounted Regiment, Grenadier Guards and King's Troop, Royal Horse Artillery) led the Bastille Day parade in Paris for the first time, with the Red Arrows flying overhead. Flag of the United Kingdomsvg|right|70px]] The Entente cordiale is a series of agreements signed on 8 April 1904 between the United Kingdom The Armed forces of the United Kingdom, commonly known as the British Armed Forces or Her Majesty's Armed Forces, and sometimes legally the Armed Forces The Royal Marines ( RM) are the marine corps and amphibious Infantry of the United Kingdom and along with the Royal Navy The Household Cavalry Mounted Regiment is a ceremonial cavalry regiment of the British Army. The Grenadier Guards (GREN GDS is the most senior Regiment of the Guards Division of the British Army, and as such is the most senior regiment of infantry The King's Troop Royal Horse Artillery is a ceremonial unit of the British Army. The Red Arrows, officially known as the Royal Air Force Aerobatic Team, is the Aerobatics display team of the Royal Air Force, based at RAF Scampton [1]
Traditionally, the students of the École Polytechnique set up some form of joke.
The president used to give an interview to members of the press, discussing the situation of the country, recent events and projects for the future. The President of the French Republic (Président de la République française colloquially referred to in English as the President of France, is France 's elected An interview is a conversation between two or more people (the interviewer and the interviewee where Questions are asked by the interviewer to obtain information from Nicolas Sarkozy, elected president in 2007, has chosen not to give it. Nicolas Sarkozy (pronounced, The President of the French Republic (Président de la République française colloquially referred to in English as the President of France, is France 's elected The President also holds a garden party at the Palais de l'Elysée. A Garden party is a social gathering with food provided in the open in a Park or a Garden.
Bastille Day falls during the Tour de France and is traditionally the day on which French riders try to take a stage victory for France. History See also:CategoryTour de France by year The dominant sports newspaper in France
Article 17 of the Constitution of France gives the President the authority to pardon offenders, and since 1991 the President has pardoned many petty offenders (mainly traffic offences) on 14 July. The current Constitution of France was adopted on October 4, 1958. A pardon is the forgiveness of a crime and the penalty associated with it Events 1223 - Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father Philip II of France. In 2007, President Sarkozy declined to continue the practice[2].
History
The storming of the Bastille
On 5 May 1789, Louis XVI convened the Estates-General to hear their grievances. The Storming of the Bastille in Paris occurred on 14 July 1789. Events 553 - The Second Council of Constantinople begins 1215 - Rebel Barons renounce their allegiance to King John Year 1789 ( MDCCLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Louis XVI ( 23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793) Louis-Auguste de France, ruled as King of France and Navarre The Estates-General (or States-General) of 1789 (Les États-Généraux de 1789 was the first meeting since 1614 of the French Estates-General The deputies of the Third Estate representing the common people (the two others were clergy and nobility) decided to break away and form a National Assembly. The Estates of the realm were the broad divisions of society usually distinguishing Nobility, Clergy, and Commoners recognized in the Middle Ages Clergy is the generic term used to describe the formal religious leadership within a given Religion. Nobility is a government-privileged title which may be either hereditary (see Hereditary titles) or for a lifetime The National Assembly of France is the lower legislative house under the French Fifth Republic. On 20 June the deputies of the Third Estate took the Tennis Court Oath, swearing not to separate until a constitution had been established. Events 451 - Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius ' defeats Attila the Hun. The Tennis Court Oath (serment du jeu de paume was a pivotal event during the French Revolution. They were gradually joined by delegates of the other estates; Louis started to recognize their validity on 27 June. Events 1358 - Republic of Dubrovnik is founded 1709 - Peter the Great defeats Charles XII of Sweden The assembly re-named itself the National Constituent Assembly on 9 July, and began to function as a legislature and to draft a constitution. Events 455 - Roman military commander Avitus is proclaimed Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
In the wake of the 11 July dismissal of the royal finance minister Jacques Necker, the people of Paris, fearful that they and their representatives would be attacked by the royal military, and seeking to gain arms for the general populace, stormed the Bastille, a prison which had often held people arbitrarily jailed on the basis of lettre de cachet. Events 911 - Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy. Jacques Necker ( September 30, 1732 &ndash April 9, 1804) was a French statesman of Swiss origin and finance Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city The Bastille was a Fortress - Prison in Paris, known formally as Bastille Saint-Antoine —Number 232 Rue Saint-Antoine—best known today In French history lettres de cachet were letters signed by the king of France, countersigned by one of his ministers and closed with the royal seal or Besides holding a large cache of arms, the Bastille had been known for holding political prisoners whose writings had displeased the royal government, and was thus a symbol of the absolutism of the monarchy. An autocracy is a Form of government in which the Political power is held by a single self-appointed ruler As it happened, at the time of the siege in July 1789 there were only seven inmates, none of great political significance.
When the crowd (legend says it was organised by descendants of Knights Templar)— eventually reinforced by mutinous gardes françaises — proved a fair match for the fort's defenders, the commander of the Bastille, Governor de Launay capitulated and opened the gates to avoid a mutual massacre. The Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon (Pauperes commilitones Christi Templique Solomonici commonly known as the Knights Templar or the Order However, possibly because of a misunderstanding, fighting resumed. Ninety-eight attackers and just one defender died in the actual fighting, but in the aftermath, De Launay and seven other defenders were killed, as was the 'prévôt es marchands' (roughly, mayor) Jacques de Flesselles. Jacques de Flesselles (1721 &ndash July 14, 1789) was a French provost, a post roughly equivalent to Mayor.
The storming of the Bastille was more important as a rallying point and symbolic act of rebellion than a practical act of defiance.
Shortly after the storming of the Bastille, on 4 August feudalism was abolished and on 26 August, the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen proclaimed. Events 70 - The Destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem by the Romans. Feudalism, a term first used in the early modern period (17th century in its most classic sense refers to a Medieval Europe Political system composed Events 1071 - Battle of Manzikert: The Seljuk Turks defeat the Byzantine Army at Manzikert. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen (Déclaration des droits de l'Homme et du citoyen is a fundamental document of the French Revolution, defining
The Fête de la Fédération
The Fête de la Fédération of the 14 July 1790 was a huge feast and official event to celebrate the uprising of the short-lived constitutional monarchy in France and what people considered the happy conclusion of the French Revolution. The Fête de la Fédération of the 14 July 1789 was a huge feast and official event to celebrate the establishment of the short-lived Constitutional Events 1223 - Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father Philip II of France. Year 1790 ( MDCCXC) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year A constitutional monarchy, or a limited monarchy, is a form of Constitutional Government, wherein either an elected or hereditary Monarch is The French Revolution (1789–1799 was a period of political and social upheaval in the History of France, during which the French governmental structure previously an
The event took place on the Champ de Mars, at the time outside of Paris but now the site of the Eiffel Tower. The Champ de Mars (ʃɑ̃ də maʁs is a large public green-space in Paris, France, located in the 7th ''arrondissement'', between the Eiffel The Eiffel Tower (Tour Eiffel /tuʀ ɛfɛl/ is an Iron Tower built The place had been transformed voluntarily by the population of Paris in what was recalled as the Journée des brouettes ("Wheelbarrow Day").
A mass was celebrated by Talleyrand, bishop of Autun. Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord 1st Sovereign Prince of Beneventum (2 February 1754 17 May 1838 the Prince of Diplomats, was a French The popular General Lafayette, as captain of the National Guard of Paris and confidant of the king, took his oath to the constitution, followed by the King Louis XVI. Louis XVI ( 23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793) Louis-Auguste de France, ruled as King of France and Navarre
After the end of the official celebration, the day ended in a huge four-day popular feast and people celebrated with fireworks, as well as fine wine and running naked through the streets in order to display their great freedom.
Origin of the present holiday
On 30 June 1878, a feast had been set in Paris by official decision to honour the Republic (the event was immortalised by a painting by Claude Monet). Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, is defeated and killed by troops of the Usurper Year 1878 ( MDCCCLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Claude Monet ( French klod mɔnɛ also known as Oscar-Claude Monet or Claude Oscar Monet (14 November 1840 &ndash 5 December 1926 was a founder On the 14 July 1879, another feast took place, with a semi-official aspect; the events of the day included a military review in Longchamp, a reception in the Chambre of Deputies, organised and presided by Léon Gambetta, and a Republican Feast in the pré Catelan with Louis Blanc and Victor Hugo. Events 1223 - Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father Philip II of France. Year 1879 ( MDCCCLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Léon Gambetta (2 April 1838 Cahors, Lot - 31 December 1882 Paris) was a French statesman prominent after the Franco-Prussian War Louis Jean Joseph Charles Blanc ( October 29, 1811 &ndash December 6, 1882) was a French Politician and Historian Victor-Marie Hugo ( ( February 26, 1802 – May 22, 1885) was a French Poet, Playwright, Novelist All through France, as Le Figaro wrote on the 16th, "people feasted a lot to honour the Bastille". Le Figaro is one of the leading French morning daily Newspapers Its editorial line is conservative and has generally been supportive of
On the 21 May 1880, Benjamin Raspail proposed a law to have "the Republic choose the 14 July as a yearly national holiday". Events 878 - Syracuse Italy is captured by the Muslim sultan of Sicily. Year 1880 ( MDCCCLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Events 1223 - Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father Philip II of France. The Assembly voted the text on 21 May and 8 June. Events 878 - Syracuse Italy is captured by the Muslim sultan of Sicily. Events 68 - The Roman Senate accepts emperor Galba. 536 - St Silverius becomes Pope (probable The Senate approved on 27 and 29 June, favouring 14 July against 4 August (honouring the end of the feudal system on 4 August 1789). Events 512 - A Solar eclipse is recorded by a monastic chronicler in Ireland. Events 1223 - Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father Philip II of France. Events 70 - The Destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem by the Romans. The French Revolution was a period in the History of France covering the years 1789 to 1799, in which republicans overthrew the Bourbon Events 70 - The Destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem by the Romans. Year 1789 ( MDCCLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The law was made official on 6 July 1880, and the Ministry of the Interior recommended to prefects that the day should be "celebrated with all the brilliance that the local resources allow". Events 1044 - The Battle of Ménfő takes place 1189 - Richard the Lionheart is crowned King of England Year 1880 ( MDCCCLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Indeed, the celebrations of the new holiday in 1880 were particularly magnificent.
In the debate leading up to the adoption of the holiday, Henri Martin, chairman of the French Senate, addressed that chamber 29 June 1880. Events 512 - A Solar eclipse is recorded by a monastic chronicler in Ireland. Year 1880 ( MDCCCLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year "Do not forget that behind this 14 July, where victory of the new era over the ancien régime was bought by fighting, do not forget that after the day of 14 July 1789, there was the day of 14 July 1790. Ancien Régime ( pronounced: /ɑ̃sjɛ̃ ʁeʒim/ refers primarily to the aristocratic social and political system established in … This [latter] day cannot be blamed for having shed a drop of blood, for having divided the country. It was the consecration of unity of France. … If some of you might have scruples against the first 14 July, they certainly hold none against the second. Whatever difference which might part us, something hovers over them, it is the great images of national unity, which we all desire, for which we would all stand, willing to die if necessary. "
References
Bastille Day celebrations in other countries
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- New York City has a large Bastille Day celebration each year on 60th Street on the Upper East Side of Manhattan
- San Francisco has a large celebration in the downtown historic French quarter. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The City of New York Manhattan Island, in New York Harbor, is much the largest part of the Borough of Manhattan, one of the Five Boroughs which form the City of New York The City and County of San Francisco is the fourth most populous city
- Philadelphia's Bastille Day, held at Eastern State Penitentiary, involves Marie Antoinette, with a cry of "Let them eat Tastykake!", throwing the locally-manufactured pastries at the Parisian militia, as well as a re-enactment of the storming the Bastille. Philadelphia (ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə The Eastern State Penitentiary is a former state Prison in the United States. Maria Antonia Josepha Johanna von Habsburg-Lothringen (November 2 1755 &ndash October 16 1793 known to history as Marie Antoinette ( pronounced /maʀi ɑ̃ntwanɛt/ Tastykake is the brandname for a line of Snack foods manufactured by the Tasty Baking Company ( of Philadelphia Pennsylvania. Parisian was a moderate to upscale US chain of Department stores headquartered in Birmingham, Alabama. The term militia is commonly used today to refer to a military force composed of ordinary Citizens to provide defense emergency law enforcement or Paramilitary service [1]
- Milwaukee's four-day Bastille Days street festival begins with a "Storming of the Bastille" with a 43-foot replica of the Eiffel Tower. The Eiffel Tower (Tour Eiffel /tuʀ ɛfɛl/ is an Iron Tower built
- Seattle's Bastille Day Celebration, held at the Seattle Center, involves performances, picnics, wine and shopping. Festál at Seattle Center is a program of annual ethnically -related festivals that take place on the grounds of Seattle Center in Seattle Washington Seattle Center is a fairground, Park and arts and entertainment center in Seattle Washington.
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- Franschhoek's week-end festival [1] has been celebrated for the last 15 years. The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa [Franschhoek meaning 'French Corner' is situated in the Cape Province]
One Time Celebrations
- 1989 :199 years after the fête, France celebrates 200th anniversary of French Revolution, notably with a monumental show on the Champs-Élysées in Paris, directed by French designer Jean-Paul Goude. The Cape of Good Hope Province (commonly referred to simply as the Cape Province) was a province in the Union of South Africa and subsequently the Republic of The Avenue des Champs-Élysées (ʃɑ̃zeliˈze) is the most prestigious avenue in Paris. Jean-Paul Goude (born 1940 is a French graphic designer, Illustrator, Photographer and advertising Film director. President François Mitterrand hosts world leaders. François Maurice Adrien Marie Mitterrand ( 26 October 1916 8 January 1996 served as President of France from 1981 to 1995 elected as representative of the Socialist
- 1998 : Two days after the French football team becomes world champions, huge celebrations took place nationwide
- 2002 : A far-right assassin's bullet misses French president Jacques Chirac during Bastille Day celebrations in Paris.
Bastille Day in media
- "Bastille Day" is a song by the Canadian band Rush from the 1975 album Caress of Steel. Rush is a Canadian rock band originally formed in August 1968 in the Willowdale neighbourhood of Toronto, Ontario, currently comprised of Caress of Steel is the third Studio album by Canadian rock band Rush, released in 1975
- The White Stripes played their first show on the 14 July 1997 and always reference Bastille Day when referring to their start date. The White Stripes is an American Garage rock band, formed in 1997 in Detroit, Michigan.
- "Bastille Day" is an episode title from the television series "Battlestar Galactica. Battlestar Galactica is an Emmy and Peabody Award -winning serial drama Television program created by Ronald D "
- In the 1964 film, Paris When It Sizzles, Richard Benson (William Holden) and Gabriel Simpson (Audrey Hepburn) write the screenplay of a movie about a series of escapades that take place on Bastille Day. William Holden ( April 17, 1918 &ndash November 12, 1981) was an Academy Award -winning American film Actor Audrey Hepburn ( &ndash) was an English/Dutch Academy Award - Emmy Award - Tony Award - and Grammy Award -winning film and stage actress
See also
External links
- senat.fr Tout savoir sur le 14 Juillet
- Bastille Day in New York 2006]
- Bastille Day in New York 2007]
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