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A B♭ bass saxophone made by Adolphe Sax in 1876 (right). To the left is a baritone saxophone made by Sax in 1858.
A B♭ bass saxophone made by Adolphe Sax in 1876 (right). To the left is a baritone saxophone made by Sax in 1858.

The bass saxophone is the second largest existing member of the saxophone family (not counting the subcontrabass tubax). The saxophone (commonly referred to simply as sax) is a conical- bored transposing Musical instrument considered a member of the Woodwind The tubax is a modified Saxophone developed in 1999 by the German instrument maker Benedikt Eppelsheim. It is similar in design to a baritone saxophone, but it is larger, with a longer loop near the mouthpiece. The baritone saxophone, often called " bari sax " (to avoid confusion with the Baritone horn, which is often referred to simply as "baritone" is Unlike the baritone, the bass saxophone is not commonly used. While some composers did write parts for the instrument through the early twentieth century (such as Percy Grainger in Lincolnshire Posy), the bass sax part in today's wind bands is usually handled by the tuba, or in jazz and other popular-music bands by the double bass or electric bass, all of which have a lower range. George Percy Grainger (8 July 1882&ndash20 February 1961 was an Australian born Composer, Pianist and champion of the Saxophone and the Lincolnshire Posy is a symphonic piece by Percy Aldridge Grainger, composed in 1937 for the American Bandmasters Association. A concert band, also called wind band, symphonic band, symphonic winds, wind orchestra, wind symphony, or wind ensemble Mediatubaogg -->The tuba is the largest and lowest pitched Brass instrument. Jazz is an American Musical art form which originated in the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States The double bass is the largest and lowest-pitched bowed String instrument used in the modern symphony orchestra. The electric bass guitar (also called electric bass, or simply bass; ˈbeɪs as in "base" is a Stringed instrument played primarily with the In the 1920s, the bass saxophone was often used in early jazz recordings, since it was at that time much easier to record compared to the tuba or double bass. Leonard Bernstein used a bass saxophone in his original score and movie of West Side Story. WikipediaWikiProject Composers#Lead section --> WikipediaWikiProject Classical music#Biographical_infoboxes West Side Story is a musical by Arthur Laurents (book Leonard Bernstein (music and Stephen Sondheim (lyrics

Although originally available in either B♭ or C (the latter for orchestral use), the modern bass saxophone is pitched in B♭, a perfect fourth lower than the baritone, and thus the same as the B♭ contrabass clarinet. The perfect fourth () is a Musical interval which spans four scale degrees The contrabass clarinet is the largest member of the Clarinet family that has ever been in regular production or significant use Music for bass sax is written in treble clef, just as for the other saxophones, but it sounds two octaves and a major second lower than written. A clef (from the French for "key" is a musical symbol used to indicate the pitch of written notes. In Music, an octave ( is the the use of which is "common in most musical systems A major second () also called a whole step or a whole tone, is a Musical interval that occurs between the first and second degrees of a Like the other members of the saxophone family, the lowest written note is B♭ below the staff — for bass saxophone, this note is a concert A♭ in the first octave (~ 51. In Music theory, the first octave, also called the contra octave, ranges from C1, or about 32 9 Hz). The hertz (symbol Hz) is a measure of Frequency, informally defined as the number of events occurring per Second.

A size comparison shot of a man holding a bass saxophone.
A size comparison shot of a man holding a bass saxophone.

The lowest existing member of the saxophone family used to be the rare (and massive) contrabass, pitched in E♭, a perfect fifth lower than the bass. The contrabass saxophone is one of the lowest-pitched members of the Saxophone family The perfect fifth ( is the Musical interval between a note and the note seven Semitones above it on the musical scale Inventor Adolphe Sax had a patent for a subcontrabass saxophone (or bourdon saxophone), but he apparently never built a fully functioning instrument. Antoine-Joseph 'Adolphe' Sax (November 6 1814 &ndash February 4 1894 was a Belgian Musical instrument designer and Musician ( Clarinetist The subcontrabass saxophone is a type of Saxophone that Adolphe Sax patented and planned to build but never constructed Recently some custom–built subcontrabass saxophones have been made by Benedikt Eppelsheim, sounding an octave lower than the bass saxophone. The subcontrabass saxophone is a type of Saxophone that Adolphe Sax patented and planned to build but never constructed

Adolphe Sax, the saxophone's inventor, first exhibited the bass saxophone in C at an exhibition in Brussels in 1841. The bass saxophone thus has the distinction of having been the first saxophone to be presented to the public.

Bass saxophone players

The bass saxophone enjoyed some measure of popularity in jazz combos between World War I and World War II, with the bass saxophone used primarily to provide bass lines (although occasionally players took melodic solos). Notable players of this era include Billy Fowler, Coleman Hawkins, Adrian Rollini, and Vern Brown of the Six Brown Brothers. Coleman Randolph Hawkins ( November 21 1904 - May 19 1969) Nicknamed "Hawk" and sometimes "Bean" was a prominent Adrian Francis Rollini ( June 28 1903 - May 15 1956) was a multi-instrumentalist best known for his Jazz music. The Six Brown Brothers were a Canadian vaudeville era Saxophone sextet consisting of six brothers [1] The American bandleader Boyd Raeburn (1913-1966), who led an avant-garde big band in the 1940s, was a bass saxophonist. Boyd Raeburn (b Faith, South Dakota, United States, October 27, 1913; d The 1940s decade ran from 1940 to 1949 Events and trends The 1940s was a period between the radical 1930s and the conservative 1950s which also leads the period to be In Britain, the leader of the Oscar Rabin Band played this instrument. The Oscar Rabin Band was a British Jazz dance band that was one of the most successful bands of the 1950s American Bandleader Stan Kenton, well-known for expeditions into the avant-garde, included the instrument in his 1960s Mellophonium Orchestra. The instrument is featured in "Waltz of the Prophets", a chart by Kenton's lead trombone/arranger Dee Barton.

The 1970s traditional jazz band The Memphis Nighthawks built their sound around a bass saxophone played by the diminutive Dave Feinman, who could just reach his mouthpiece. Trad jazz short for "traditional jazz" is a Music genre popular in Britain and Australia from the 1940s onward through the 1950s and which still In the 1970s the Memphis Nighthawks were a Traditional jazz band based in Champaign Illinois. Some of the finest revivalist bass saxophonist performing today in the 1920s-1930s style are Vince Giordano and Bert Brandsma, leader of the Dixieland Crackerjacks. The 1920s is sometimes referred to as the " Jazz Age " or the " Roaring Twenties " when speaking about the United States and Canada The 1930s were described as an abrupt shift to more radical and conservative lifestyles as countries were struggling to find a solution to the Great Depression. Vince Giordano (c 1952) is a musician arranger and leader of the New York-based Nighthawks Orchestra. Jazz players using the instrument in a more contemporary style include Roscoe Mitchell, Anthony Braxton, Peter Brötzmann, Hamiet Bluiett, James Carter, Stefan Zeniuk, Vinny Golia, Joseph Jarman, Jan Garbarek, Urs Leimgruber, Tony Bevan, and Scott Robinson, though none of these uses it as their primary instrument. Roscoe Mitchell (b August 3, 1940 in Chicago Illinois) is an African American Composer, Jazz instrumentalist Anthony Braxton (born June 4, 1945) is an American Composer, saxophonist, Clarinettist flautist, pianist Peter Brötzmann (born 6 March 1941) is a German Free jazz Saxophonist and Clarinetist. Hamiet Bluiett (b Brooklyn (or Lovejoy Illinois, September 16, 1940) is an American jazz saxophonist clarinetist and composer James (Larry Carter (born January 3 1969) is an American Jazz Musician. Stefan Zeniuk is a New York City based musician and filmmaker Vinny Golia (b The Bronx, New York City, New York, March 1, 1946) is an American composer and multi-instrumentalist specializing Joseph Jarman (b September 14, 1937 in Pine Bluff Arkansas) is a Jazz Musician, Composer and Shinshu Buddhist Jan Garbarek (born 4 March 1947 in Mysen, Norway) a Norwegian tenor and soprano saxophonist, active in the Jazz Scott Robinson (born April 27, 1959 in New Jersey) is an American Jazz musician

In the genres of rock and funk, Angelo Moore of the American band Fishbone plays bass saxophone. Angelo Christoper Moore Born November 5, 1965, also known as Dr Fishbone is an Alternative rock band that plays a fusion of Ska, Punk rock, Reggae, Funk, heavy metal and more In the 1960s, Rodney Slater used the instrument in the Bonzo Dog Doo-Dah Band, as did Ralph Carney of the avant-garde rock band Tin Huey. The 1960s decade refers to the years from the beginning of 1960 to the end of 1969 Rodney Slater (born Rodney Desborough Slater 8 November 1941, in Crowland, Lincolnshire) was a member of the Bonzo Dog Doo-Dah Band The Bonzo Dog Doo-Dah Band (also known as The Bonzo Dog Band, The Bonzo Dog Dada Band and colloquially as " The Bonzos " are a band created by Ralph Carney (born January 23, 1956, Akron, Ohio, USA) is an American musician Tin Huey is an Experimental rock and New Wave band from Akron, Ohio, USA that formed in the mid/late 1970s John Linnell of They Might Be Giants and Dana Colley of Morphine also play the bass saxophone on occasion. John Sidney Linnell (born June 12, 1959, New York City, New York) musician is known primarily as one half of Brooklyn New York They Might Be Giants (commonly abbreviated to TMBG) is an American Alternative rock band which began as a duo of John Flansburgh and John Morphine was an Alternative rock group formed by Mark Sandman and Dana Colley in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, in 1989

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