Basil Brooke (metallurgist)

Sir Basil Brooke (1576 – 1646), English metallurgist and recusant, inherited the manor of Madeley from his father. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Metallurgy is a domain of Materials science that studies the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements, their intermetallic compounds, and their In the History of England, recusancy was a term used to describe the statutory offence of not complying with and conforming to the Established church or This article is about the medieval system "Manors" redirects here Madeley is a Town and Civil parish, now part of the New town of Telford in the borough of Telford and Wrekin and ceremonial county This contained iron and steel works and coal mines. The coal mines had been worked in his father's time, coal being transported on the River Severn to cities and towns from Shrewsbury to Gloucester. For other rivers named "Severn" see Severn River. The River Severn ( Welsh: Afon Hafren, Latin Shrewsbury ( /ˈʃruːzbri/ or /ˈʃroʊzbri/ is the County town of Shropshire, in the West Midlands region of England Gloucester (ˈɡlɒstɚ) is a city, district and County town of Gloucestershire in the South West region of England.

About 1615, he obtained an interest in a patent for making steel by the cementation process. A patent is a set of Exclusive rights granted by a State to an inventor or his assignee for a fixed period of time in exchange for a disclosure of an The cementation process is an obsolete technique for making Steel by Carburization of Iron. This led to his building steel furnaces at Coalbrookdale, which certainly existed by the 1640s, and perhaps from 1615. Coalbrookdale is a side valley of the Ironbridge Gorge in the borough of Telford and Wrekin and ceremonial county of Shropshire, England The patent contained a clause prohibiting the import of steel, but he was unable to meet demand and was required to surrender his patent, but he evidently continued making steel, probably using iron from the Forest of Dean, though this was subsequently found not to be quite the best raw material. The Forest of Dean is a geographical historical and cultural region in the western part of the County of Gloucestershire, England

In 1615, he and Richard Chaldecott of London took over two furnaces and a forge of the king's ironworks in the Forest of Dean, but in 1618, they were accused of illegal felling and their lease was suspended. A blast furnace is a type of metallurgical Furnace used for Smelting to produce metals generally Iron. Iron tapped from the Blast furnace is Pig iron, and contains significant amounts of Carbon and Silicon. The Forest of Dean is a geographical historical and cultural region in the western part of the County of Gloucestershire, England The same accusation was made against the next farmers, but their lease was allowed to run its course. Brooke (with George Mynne and Thomas Hackett) leased all the king's works (four furnaces and three forges, but in 1633, new claims were made that the ironworks were having a disastrous effect on the Forest. By that stage they had build one or two more forges adjoining the Forest. Their lease was suspended, and at the following enquiry at the Forest Eyre, he and his partner were fined heavily, being deprived of their lease, and the works were let to others. The fine was subsequently abated somewhat. Every farmer of these works was accused of misfeasance; it is not clear that Brooke and his partners did anything wrong, or anything worse than any other farmer.

Sir Basil probably had ironworks at Coalbrookdale on his own estate of Madeley. Coalbrookdale is a side valley of the Ironbridge Gorge in the borough of Telford and Wrekin and ceremonial county of Shropshire, England Madeley is a Town and Civil parish, now part of the New town of Telford in the borough of Telford and Wrekin and ceremonial county There was a 'smithy', that is a bloomery forge there when Wenlock Abbey was dissolved, but how long this continued in use remains unknown. A bloomery is a type of Furnace once widely used for Smelting Iron from its oxides. However it is likely that there were (at least) forges there in his time. He certainly had ironworks somewhere in Shropshire in 1622, including Bromleys Forge near the mouth of the River Perry. The River Perry is a river in Shropshire, England. The river begins near Oswestry and flows south to meet the River Severn near Shrewsbury He and his ironworks partners were also concerned in Shelsley Forge (in Shelsley Walsh). Shelsley Walsh is a small village in Worcestershire, England.

Brooke, Mynne, and Hackett were also farmers of the Company of Mineral and Battery Works wireworks at Tintern from (or by) 1627, Hackett having been farmer since 1613. The Company of Mineral and Battery Works was (with the Society of Mines Royal) one of two mining monopolies created by Queen Elizabeth I of England in the mid-1560s Tintern (Tyndyrn is a Village on the west bank of the River Wye in Monmouthshire, Wales, close to the border with England, at about Brooke remained a farmer until his sequestration during the Civil War. The term sequestration can have different meanings according to the context The English Civil War (1642-1651 was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists.

Brooke was also one of the leading English Roman Catholics of his time, and was said to have personal contact with James I and Charles I. James VI and I (19 June 1566 – 27 March 1625 was King of Scotland as James VI, and King of England and King of Ireland as James Charles I, (19 November 1600 &ndash 30 January 1649 was King of England, Scotland and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution. In 1635, he supported the Catholic clergy against Anglican episcopal oversight. The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England, the Mother Church of the worldwide Anglican He was treasurer for contributions collected from English Catholics towards the cost of the Bishops Wars of 1639-40. In 1641, he was summoned by the House of Commons, but fled and was arrested at York and imprisoned in London. The House of Commons' is the Lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which also comprises the Sovereign and the House of Lords Late in 1643, he was implicated in a plot to divide Parliament and the City of London authorities with a view to preventing the Scottish army taking part in the English Civil War. The Parliament of England was the Legislature of the Kingdom of England. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. The English Civil War (1642-1651 was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists. His correspondence was discovered and on 6 January 1644, he was imprisoned again. Events 1066 - Harold Godwinson is crowned King of England. 1205 - Philip of Swabia becomes King His estate was sequestrated in 1645 as a papist delinquent. Sequestration is the act of removing separating or seizing anything from the possession of its owner under process of law for the benefit of Creditors or the state He died on 31 December 1646, leaving debts of £10,000 and an estate worth £300 p. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia. a. His wife was Etheldreda Brudenell, daughter of Sir Edmund Brudenell. His son Thomas later recovered his estate, which passed down the family for several generations.

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