Barrow-in-Furness
Barrow-in-Furness shown within Cumbria
Population	2001 Census Town 59,182 Borough 71,981 Urban Area 100,000
OS grid reference	SD198690
- London	222 mi (357 km)
District	Barrow-in-Furness
Shire county	Cumbria
Region	North West
Constituent country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	BARROW-IN-FURNESS
Postcode district	LA14
Dialling code	01229
Police	Cumbria
Fire	Cumbria
Ambulance	North West
European Parliament	North West England
UK Parliament	Barrow and Furness
List of places: UK • England • Cumbria

Coordinates: 54°06′39″N 3°13′34″W / 54.1108, -3.2261

Barrow-in-Furness is an industrial town and seaport and is the major settlement in the Barrow-in-Furness district of Cumbria; situated in North West England. Boundaries and divisions Cumbria is neighboured by Northumberland, County Durham, North Yorkshire, Lancashire, and the Lieutenancy In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology A nationwide Census, commonly known as Census 2001, was conducted in the United Kingdom on Sunday 29 April 2001 ----The term city limits (or city boundary) refers to the defined boundary of a City. Barrow-in-Furness is a local government district with borough status in Cumbria, England. The British national grid reference system is a system of geographic grid references commonly used in Great Britain, different from using Latitude and Longitude London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. A mile is a unit of Length, usually used to measure Distance, in a number of different systems including Imperial units United States The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand The districts of England are a level of subnational division of England used for the purposes of local government Barrow-in-Furness is a local government district with borough status in Cumbria, England. Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties are one of the four levels of Subdivisions of England used for the purposes of Local government outside Greater London Boundaries and divisions Cumbria is neighboured by Northumberland, County Durham, North Yorkshire, Lancashire, and the Lieutenancy The region, also known as the government office region, is currently the highest tier of local government sub-national entity of England, with only one North West England is one of the nine official Regions of England. Constituent country is a phrase used often by official institutions in contexts in which a country makes up a part of a larger entity or grouping England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland This list of sovereign states, alphabetically arranged gives an overview of States around the world with information on the extent of their Sovereignty. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located A post town is a required part of all postal addresses in the United Kingdom, and a basic unit of the postal delivery system UK Postal codes are known as postcodes. UK postcodes are Alphanumeric. The LA postcode area, also known as the Lancaster postcode area, is a group of postal districts around Ambleside, Askam-in-Furness, Barrow-in-Furness The UK Telephone numbering plan, also known as the National Telephone Numbering Plan, is the system used for assigning Telephone numbers in the United There are a number of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom. Cumbria Constabulary is the Home Office Police force in England covering Cumbria. The fire service in the United Kingdom operates under separate legislative and administrative arrangements in England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and The Cumbria Fire and Rescue Service is the county-wide statutory emergency fire and rescue service for the Shire county of Cumbria, The North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust was formed on 1 July 2006 as part of Health Minister Lord Warner's plans to reduce the number of NHS North West England is a Constituency of the European Parliament. This is a list of the 646 constituencies currently represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, as at the 2005 general election Barrow and Furness (previously Barrow-in-Furness) is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom A Gazetteer of place names in the United Kingdom showing each place's County, Unitary authority or council area and its geographical coordinates List of places --> List of cities in the United Kingdom List of towns in England Lists of places This is a list of cities towns and villages in the county of Cumbria, England. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Manufacturing (from Latin manu factura, "making by hand" is the use of tools and labor to make things for use or sale ||-||-|-||-||-||-||-||-||-|} A port is a facility for receiving Ships and transferring cargo Barrow-in-Furness is a local government district with borough status in Cumbria, England. Boundaries and divisions Cumbria is neighboured by Northumberland, County Durham, North Yorkshire, Lancashire, and the Lieutenancy North West England is one of the nine official Regions of England. Often known simply as Barrow, the town is situated at the tip of the Furness peninsula bordered only by Morecambe Bay and the Irish Sea. Furness (ˈfɘˑnəs is a Peninsula in the southern part of Cumbria, in north-west England. Morecambe Bay is a large bay in northwest England, nearly due east of the Isle of Man and just to the south of the Lake District National Park The Irish Sea ( Irish: Muir Éireann or Muir Meann; Scottish Gaelic: Muir Eireann Welsh: Môr Iwerddon, It forms about half the territory of the wider Borough of Barrow-in-Furness. Barrow-in-Furness is a local government district with borough status in Cumbria, England. Barrow is located just over 220 miles (350 km) north-west of London and 60 miles (97 km) south of the Scottish border. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. The Anglo-Scottish border (or English-Scottish border) runs for 96  Miles nbsp(154  km) between

Historically a part of Lancashire, Barrow was a small fishing village before the arrival of the Industrial Revolution in the mid-19th century. The historic counties of England are ancient subdivisions of England. Lancashire is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in the North West of England, bounded to the west by the Irish Sea The Industrial Revolution was a period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture manufacturing and transportation had a profound effect on the The building of the Furness Railway allowed iron ore to be transported to the area; the village's location made it ideal for smelting and then exporting steel. The Furness Railway (Furness was a railway company operating in the Furness area of north-west England. The natural harbour the booming town possessed allowed the locally produced steel to be put to another use: shipbuilding. ^[1]

The shipyard became a significant producer of naval vessels and from the 1960s increasingly specialised in the construction of nuclear-powered submarines. The original iron- and steel- making enterprises closed down after World War II, leaving boat building the area's main industry and employer. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including All of Britain's Vanguard class submarines, which carry the Trident nuclear deterrent, were manufactured at the facility. Design The Vanguard s were designed from the outset as an unlimited-range nuclear powered ballistic missile submarine unlike the previous ''Resolution'' class The UK Trident programme is the United Kingdom 's Trident missile -based nuclear weapons programme. With the end of the Cold War and subsequent decrease in military spending the town suffered high unemployment. Cold War is the state of conflict tension and competition that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR and their respective allies from the ^[2]

Toponymy

The name was originally that of an island- the name 'Barrai' can be traced back to 1190. This was later renamed 'Old Barrow', recorded as Oldebarrey in 1537, and Old Barrow Insula and Barrohead in 1577. The island was then joined to the mainland and the town took its name. The name itself seems to mean 'island with promontory', combining British barro- and Old Norse ey, but it is more likely that Scandinavian settlers simply accepted barro- as a meaningless name, and so added an explanatory Old Norse second element. The Brythonic languages (or Brittonic languages or British languages) form one of the two branches of the Insular Celtic language family the other being Old Norse is the North Germanic language that was spoken by inhabitants of Scandinavia and inhabitants of their overseas settlements during the Viking Age Terminology and usage As a cultural term "Scandinavia" has no official definition and is subject to usage by those who identify with the culture in question as well ^[3]

History

In the Middle Ages the Furness peninsula was controlled by the Cistercian monks of the Abbey of St Mary of Furness, known as Furness Abbey. Furness (ˈfɘˑnəs is a Peninsula in the southern part of Cumbria, in north-west England. Furness Abbey, or St Mary of Furness is a former Cistercian Monastery situated on the outskirts of the Cumbrian town Barrow-in-Furness This was located in the 'Vale of Nightshade', now on the outskirts of the modern town. ^[4] Originally founded for the Savigniac order, it was built on the orders of Stephen of Blois in 1123. The Catholic Congregation of Savigny ( Savigniac Order) started in the Abbey of Savigny, situated in northern France, on the confines of Normandy Stephen often referred to in history as Stephen of Blois (c 1096 &ndash 25 October, 1154) was the last Norman King of England Soon after the abbey's foundation the monks discovered iron ore deposits, later to prove the basis for Furness' economy. These thin layers, close to the surface, were extracted through open cast workings,^[5] which were then smelted by the monks in small bloomeries (early furnaces). A bloomery is a type of Furnace once widely used for Smelting Iron from its oxides. ^[6] The proceeds from mining, along with agriculture and fisheries, meant that by the 15th century the abbey had become the second richest and most powerful Cistercian abbey in England, after Fountains Abbey in Yorkshire. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Fountains Abbey in North Yorkshire, England, is a Ruined Cistercian Monastery, founded in 1132 ^[7]

However, Barrow itself was an hamlet in the parish of Dalton-in-Furness on the Furness peninsula reliant on the land and sea for survival. Small quantities of iron and ore were exported from jetties which were constructed into the channel separating the then-village and Walney Island. Walney Island, also known as the Isle of Walney, is the eighth largest marine Island in England. Amongst the oldest buildings in Barrow, are several cottages and farm houses in Newbarns (now a ward of the town) which date back to the early 1600's. Even as late as 1843 there were still only 32 dwellings including two pubs. ^[8]

Furness Abbey

In 1839 Henry Schneider arrived as a young speculator and dealer in iron, and he finally discovered large deposits of haematite in 1850. Iron (ˈаɪɚn is a Chemical element with the symbol Fe (ferrum and Atomic number 26 Hematite, also spelt hæmatite, is the Mineral form of Iron(III oxide (Fe2O3 one of several Iron oxides He and other investors founded the Furness Railway, the first section of which opened in 1846 to transport the ore from the slate quarries at Kirkby-in-Furness and haematite mines at Lindal-in-Furness to a deep water harbour near Roa Island. The Furness Railway (Furness was a railway company operating in the Furness area of north-west England. Kirkby-in-Furness is a Village on the Furness peninsula which is part of Cumbria, England. Lindal-in-Furness is a Village on the Furness Peninsula of Cumbria, England. Roa Island lies just over half a mile (1 km south of the village of Rampside at the southernmost point of the Furness Peninsula in Cumbria, though ^[9] The docks built between 1867 and 1881 in the more sheltered channel between the mainland and Barrow Island replaced the port at Roa Island. Barrow Island is a built up Island forming part of the town of Barrow-in-Furness, in Furness, England. Roa Island lies just over half a mile (1 km south of the village of Rampside at the southernmost point of the Furness Peninsula in Cumbria, though The increasing quantities of iron ore mined in Furness were then brought to Barrow to be transported by sea.

The investors in the burgeoning mining and railway industries decided greater profits could be made by smelting the iron ore into steel, and then exporting the finished product. Schneider and James Ramsden, the railway's general manager, erected blast furnaces at Barrow that by 1876 formed the largest steelworks in the world at the time. Sir James Ramsden (1822 &ndash 19 October 1896) was a British Civil engineer, Industrialist, and civic leader, who played Steel Mill was one of Bruce Springsteen 's early bands and performed regularly on the Jersey Shore, in Virginia, and also in California from 1969 ^[10] Its success was a result of the availability of local iron ore, coal from the Cumberland mines and easy rail and sea transport. Cumberland is one of the 39 Historic counties of England. It formed an administrative county from 1889 to 1974 (excluding Carlisle from 1915 and now forms part of The Furness Railway, who counted local aristocrats The Duke of Devonshire and the Duke of Buccleugh as investors, kick-started the Industrial Revolution on the peninsula. William Cavendish 7th Duke of Devonshire, KG, PC ( 27 April 1808 – 21 December 1891) known as Lord Cavendish of The railway brought mined ore to the town, where the steelworks produced large quantities of steel. It was used for shipbuilding or derived products such as rails were exported from the newly built docks. ^[9] This caused Barrow's population, originally 700 in 1851, to reach 10,000 by 1864 and 47,000 by 1881, forty years after the railway was built.

Barrow Shipbuilding Works circa 1890

The sheltered straight between Barrow and Walney Island was an ideal location for the shipyard. Walney Island, also known as the Isle of Walney, is the eighth largest marine Island in England. The first ship to be built was the 'Jane Roper', launched in 1852; the first steamship, a 3,000 ton liner named Duke of Devonshire, in 1873. Shipbuilding activity increased, and on 18 February 1871 the Barrow Shipbuilding Company was incorporated. Events 3102 BC - Epoch (origin of the Kali Yuga. 1229 - The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II Holy Year 1871 ( MDCCCLXXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Barrow's relative isolation from the United Kingdom's industrial heartlands meant the newly formed company included several capabilities that would usually be subcontracted to other establishments. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located In particular, a large engineering works was constructed including a foundry and pattern shop, a forge, and an engine shop. In addition, the shipyard had a joiners' shop, a boat-building shed and a sailmaking and rigging loft. ^[11]

During these boom years, Ramsden, who was also superintendent of the Furness Railway, proposed a planned town to accommodate the large workforce which had arrived. There are few planned towns in the United Kingdom, and Barrow is one of the oldest. See Development control in the United Kingdom for an explanation of how planning control is exercised in the UK The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Its centre contains a grid of well-built terraced houses, with long tree-lined roads leading away from central squares. Later knighted, he later became the first mayor of Barrow,^[12] which was given municipal borough status in 1867, and later county borough status in 1889. A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government Municipal boroughs were a type of Local government which existed in England and Wales between 1835 and 1974 in Northern Ireland from 1840 to County borough is a term introduced in 1889 in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (excluding Scotland) to refer to a Borough or a City ^[13] The imposing red sandstone Town Hall, designed by W. H. Lynn, was built in a neo-gothic style in 1887. The Gothic Revival is an architectural movement which began ^[14] Prior to this, the borough council had met at the railway headquarters, the railway company's control of industry extended to the administration of the town itself.

The Barrow Shipbuilding Company was taken over by the Sheffield steel firm of Vickers in 1897, by which time the shipyard had surpassed the railway and steelworks as the largest employer and landowner in Barrow. Sheffield ( is a city and Metropolitan borough in South Yorkshire, England Vickers was a famous name in British engineering that existed through many companies from 1828 until 2004 The company constructed Vickerstown, modelled on George Cadbury's Bournville, on the adjacent Walney Island in the early twentieth century to house its employees. Vickerstown is an area located on the Isle of Walney, near to the mainland town of Barrow-in-Furness, England. Bournville is a Model village on the south side of Birmingham, England, best known for its connections with the Cadbury family and Chocolate Walney Island, also known as the Isle of Walney, is the eighth largest marine Island in England. ^[15] It also commissioned Sir Edwin Lutyens to design Abbey House as a guest house and residence for its managing director at the time, Commander Craven. Sir Edwin Landseer Lutyens, OM, KCIE, PRA, FRIBA, LLD ( 29 March 1869 – 1 January 1944 Abbey House Barrow-in-Furness in the modern county of Cumbria, formerly in Lancashire ( England) is a Neo-Elizabethan H-plan mansion built by ^[16]

By the 1890s the shipyard was heavily engaged in the construction of warships for the Royal Navy and also for export. The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the oldest of the British armed services (and is therefore known as the Senior Service) The Navy's first submarine, Holland 1, was built in 1901,^[17] and by 1914 the UK had the most advanced submarine fleet in the world, with 94% of it constructed by Vickers. The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the oldest of the British armed services (and is therefore known as the Senior Service) History In 1901 she was commissioned from John Philip Holland and built at Barrow-in-Furness. Vickers was also famous for the construction of airships (airship hangar) during the early 1900's. Terminology In some countries airships are also known as dirigibles from the French (fr ''diriger'' to direct plus -ible) meaning "directable" Airships are sheltered in airship hangars during construction and sometimes also for regular operation particularly at bad weather conditions [1] Well-known ships built in Barrow include the Mikasa, Japanese flagship during the Russo-Japanese War, the liner SS Oriana and the aircraft carriers HMS Invincible and HMAS Melbourne. Background Following the 1894–1895 First Sino-Japanese War, and the forced return of the Liaodong Peninsula to China under Russian pressure Japan began to The Russo-Japanese War (日露戦争 Romaji: Nichi-Ro Sensō Русско-японская война Russko-Yaponskaya Voyna;, 10 February 1904 – 5 September History Oriana's maiden voyage was from Southampton to Sydney in December History Invincible was built at Barrow-in-Furness by Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering. Construction and acquisition Melbourne was constructed by Vickers-Armstrongs at their Naval Construction Yard in Barrow-in-Furness, England

Mikasa in Japan in 2005

During World War II Barrow was a target for the German airforce, the Luftwaffe, looking to disable the town's shipbuilding capabilities. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including ( German 'luftvafe is a generic German term for an Air force. ^[18] The town suffered the most in a short period between April and May 1941. During the war, a local housewife, Nella Last was selected to write a diary of her everyday experiences on the home front for the Mass-Observation project. Nella Last (née Nellie Lord 4 October 1889 &ndash 22 June 1968) was a housewife who lived in Barrow-in-Furness, Mass-Observation was a United Kingdom Social research organisation founded in 1937 Her memoirs were later adapted for television. The difficulty in targeting bombs meant that the shipyards and steelworks were often missed, at the expense of the residential areas. Ultimately, 83 people were killed and 11,000 houses in the area were left damaged. To escape the heaviest bombardments, many people in the central areas left the town to sleep in hedgerows with some being permanently evacuated. Barrow's industry continued to supply the war effort, with Winston Churchill visiting the town on one occasion to launch the aircraft carrier HMS Indomitable. Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, FRS, PC, PC (Can ( 30 November 1874 Two warships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Indomitable: HMS ''Indomitable'' was the first Battlecruiser in the world ^[19]

The end of the war saw the beginning of a long decline of ore mining and steel-making as a result of overseas competition and dwindling resources. The Barrow ironworks closed in 1963,^[20] three years after the last Furness mine shut. The then small steelworks followed suit in 1983^[21] leaving Barrow's shipyard as the town's principal industry. From the 1960s onwards it concentrated its efforts in submarine manufacture, and the UK's first nuclear-powered submarine, HMS Dreadnought was constructed in 1960. A submarine is a Watercraft that can operate independently below water as distinct from a Submersible that has only limited underwater capability A submarine is a Watercraft that can operate independently below water as distinct from a Submersible that has only limited underwater capability Design and construction The Royal Navy had been researching designs for nuclear propulsion plants since 1946 but this work was suspended indefinitely in October HMS Resolution, the Swiftsure-class, Trafalgar-class and Vanguard-class submarines all followed. Several ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Resolution. Incidents On 28 May 2008, HMS Superb of the Swiftsure class collided with a rock while submerged in the Red Sea. Description The Trafalgar is a refinement of the ''Swiftsure'' class and designed six years later than its predecessor Design The Vanguard s were designed from the outset as an unlimited-range nuclear powered ballistic missile submarine unlike the previous ''Resolution'' class

The end of the Cold War in 1991 marked a reduction in the demand for military ships and submarines, and the town entered a period of decline. Cold War is the state of conflict tension and competition that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR and their respective allies from the The shipyard's dependency on military contracts at the expense of civilian and commercial engineering and shipbuilding meant it was particularly hard hit as government defence spending was reduced dramatically. ^[22] As a result, the workforce shrank from 14,500 in 1990 to 5,800 in February 1995,^[23] with overall unemployment in the town over that period rising from 4. 6% to 10%. ^[2] The rejection by the VSEL management of detailed plans for Barrow's industrial renewal in the mid-to-late 1980s remains a point of contention. Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering Ltd (VSEL was a shipbuilding company based at Barrow-in-Furness, Cumbria in northwest England that built ^[24] This has led to renewed academic attention in recent years to the possibilities of converting military-industrial production in declining shipbuilding areas to those in the offshore renewable energy sector. ^[25]

In August 2002 Barrow suffered the UK's worst ever outbreak of Legionnaires' Disease. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Legionellosis is an Infectious disease caused by Bacteria belonging to the Genus Legionella. There were 172 people reported to have caught the disease, of which seven ultimately died. This made it the 4th worst outbreak in the world in terms of number of cases and 6th worst in terms of deaths (see list of Legionnaires' disease outbreaks). Legionellosis is an Infectious disease caused by Bacteria belonging to the Genus Legionella. The source of the virus was later found to be from steam coming out of a badly maintained air conditioning unit. The system was located in the council-run arts centre Forum 28, with the vent emitting the disease over a busy alleyway in the town centre. ^[26]

The coroner for Furness and South Cumbria criticised the council for its failings with regard to health and safety at the conclusion of an inquest into the seven deaths. ^[27] In 2006, council employee Gillian Beckingham and employer Barrow Borough Council were cleared of seven charges of manslaughter, but both admitted breaching the Health and Safety at Work Act. Barrow-in-Furness is a local government district with borough status in Cumbria, England. Beckingham, the council senior architect ultimately responsible for health and safety at the centre, was fined £15,000 and the authority £125,000. ^[28] The borough council was the first public body in the country to have faced corporate manslaughter charges. ^[29]

Regeneration

An autumn sunset on West Shore Beach, Walney

The Waterfront

Many areas of the town have seen regeneration in the 1990s, and on 28 September 2007 Barrow's £200 million Dockland regeneration project began. Walney Island, also known as the Isle of Walney, is the eighth largest marine Island in England. Walney Island, also known as the Isle of Walney, is the eighth largest marine Island in England. Events 48 BC - Pompey the Great is assassinated on orders of King Ptolemy of Egypt after landing in Egypt. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Due to be completed by 2020, the project includes a new 'Barrow Marina Village' which will incorporate a £8 million 400 berth marina, 600 homes, restaurants, shops, hotels and a new state of the art bridge across Cavendish Dock. For other uses of this word see Marina (disambiguation. A marina is a sheltered Harbor where Boats and Yachts A large watersports centre is also being built, with the possibility of a cruise ship terminal. A cruise ship or cruise liner is a Passenger ship used for pleasure voyages where the voyage itself and the ship's amenities are part of the experience

Shipyard

The shipyard has been given planning permission to construct a new 200 ft tall assembly hall. Dubbed 'Son of DDH' in a reference to the existing Devonshire Dock Hall shipbuilding facility, the building will be used initially for the construction of aircraft carrier sections. ^[30] Following a decline in employment levels at the shipyard over the last 20 years, BAE recently announced that the current workforce of 3,835 could soon grow to 5,000, although this is still only a third of the 14,000 employed in the 1980's. ^[31]

Retail

Barrow's important retail sector continues to expand. The main high street (Dalton Road) is undergoing major regeneration, and a new B&Q Warehouse^[32] is being constructed on Hindpool Road to replace the current dated store on Duke Street, alongside a new JJB Health Club. B&Q is a British Retailer of DIY and Home improvement tools and supplies JJB Sports PLC is one of the United Kingdom 's leading Sports Retailers History The sportshop chain was founded in 1971 when ex-footballer ^[33] Barrow is currently home to a Tesco Extra, Asda, Morrisons, Lidl, Aldi, Netto, several Co-ops amongst others. Asda is a United Kingdom Supermarket chain which retails food clothing and general merchandise Wm Morrison Supermarkets PLC ( is the fourth largest chain of Supermarkets in the United Kingdom. Lidl is a European discount Supermarket chain of German origin that operates 7000 stores For similarly named settlements see Aldie, short for " AL brecht DI scount" is a Discount Supermarket In addition, Tesco has recently opened a second store on the former Kwik Save site on Flass lane. This article describes the now defunct UK-based chain There are also several unrelated shops of the same name in the United States A B&M's has been confirmed for the Dalton road branch of Kwik Save. ^[34] There are also three new superstores approved for construction on the site of a former MFI store,^[35] as well as a Dominos Pizza^[36] being built to add to Barrow's significant dining scene scene (including branches of McDonalds, Pizza Hut, KFC, Subway and countless English, Chinese, Indian and Italian outlets to name a few[2]). Domino's Pizza Inc ( is an international Fast food Pizza delivery corporation headquartered just outside Ann Arbor Michigan, United States Kentucky Fried Chicken, usually known as KFC, is a chain of Fast food restaurants based in Louisville Kentucky. Subway Restaurants, commonly known as Subway, is a Fast food restaurant franchise that primarily sells Sandwiches and Salads called

Bridges

The Donghai Bridge in Shanghai, China has a similar structure to the proposed Morecambe Bay Bridge

For many years there have been discussions whether or not to construct bridges across Morecambe Bay and the Duddon Estuary, leading to the Build Duddon and Morecambe Bridges party contesting national elections in the borough of Barrow and Furness, receiving 409 (1. Donghai Bridge ( was the longest cross-sea bridge in the world until Hangzhou Bay Bridge opened on 1 May 2008 Shanghai ( 上[[wikt 海|海]] is the largest city in China in terms of population and one of the largest urban areas in the world with over 20 million China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Morecambe Bay is a large bay in northwest England, nearly due east of the Isle of Man and just to the south of the Lake District National Park The Duddon Estuary is the sandy estuary of the River Duddon that lies between Morecambe Bay and the west Cumbrian coast Barrow and Furness (previously Barrow-in-Furness) is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom 1%) votes in the 2005 general election. Results Overview For events leading up to the date of the election see article Pre-election day events of the United Kingdom general ^[37]

Morecambe Bay Bridge
This project has recently received more coverage. Construction of the 12 mile structure would create Europe's longest bridge, and the 7th longest in the world. This is a list of the world's Bridges longer than 2 km (6562 ft sorted by their full length above land or water Connecting Heysham, Lancashire to Rampside, the bridge would also produce 200MW of renewable energy from a tidal stream system, enough to power over 400,000 homes. Heysham ( IPA /ˈhiːʃəm/ "hee-sham" is a large coastal Village near Lancaster in the county of Lancashire, England Lancashire is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in the North West of England, bounded to the west by the Irish Sea Rampside is a village in Cumbria, England, located a few miles south-east of the town of Barrow-in-Furness, in the north-western corner of Morecambe Tidal power, sometimes called tidal energy, is a form of Hydropower that converts the energy of Tides into electricity or other useful forms of power The bridge would have a major economic impact on the area through increased employment and tourism, and would cut journeys to Manchester from Barrow from two hours down to under one, which would put Barrow within commuting range of a major city. The project's backer, Bridge Across the Bay Ltd. , intend to seek planning permission in 2010. Subject to approval and the provision of finance, construction could begin around 2011, and the company estimates the bridge could be completed in 2015. [3][4] The bridge is becoming ever more likely, as a second bridge to Walney Island from mainland Barrow is planned to relieve conjestion, the Morecambe Bay Bridge proposal is also being discussed by local councils[5].

Duddon Estuary Bridge
A smaller bridge crossing the Duddon Estuary linking Askam and Millom, would definitely help improve transport links to the area. Askam and Ireleth is a Civil parish in the county of Cumbria, in North West England. Millom is a town on the estuary of the River Duddon in Cumbria, England, which in Victorian Times was merely a small hamlet by the name of Holborn There has also been talk of building a road and rail tunnel under the Duddon instead of a bridge. [6]

Governance

Barrow's iconic Town Hall at sunset. A city hall or town hall is the chief administrative building of a City or Town 's administration and usually houses the city or

Barrow is the largest town in the Borough of Barrow-in-Furness^[38] and the largest settlement in the peninsula of Furness. Barrow-in-Furness is a local government district with borough status in Cumbria, England. Furness (ˈfɘˑnəs is a Peninsula in the southern part of Cumbria, in north-west England. The borough is the direct inheritor of the municipal and county borough charters given to the town in the late 1800s. ^[39] Historically it is part of the Hundred of Lonsdale 'north of the sands' in the historic county boundaries of Lancashire. Lonsdale was a hundred of Lancashire, England. For many decades it covered most of the northwestern part of Lancashire around The historic counties of England are ancient subdivisions of England. Lancashire is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in the North West of England, bounded to the west by the Irish Sea ^[40] Since the local government reforms enacted in England in 1974 the town has been within the administrative shire and ceremonial county of Cumbria. A non-metropolitan county or shire county in England, is a county-level entity which is not a Metropolitan county. The ceremonial counties are areas of England that are appointed a Lord-Lieutenant, and are defined by the government as the Counties for the purposes of the Lieutenancies Boundaries and divisions Cumbria is neighboured by Northumberland, County Durham, North Yorkshire, Lancashire, and the Lieutenancy It still forms a part of the official UK government administered Duchy of Lancaster. The Duchy of Lancaster is one of the two Royal Duchies in England, the other being the Duchy of Cornwall, and is the personal (inherited property of the The Barrow-in-Furness Borough Council forms the 'lower' tier of local government under Cumbria County Council. Barrow-in-Furness is a local government district with borough status in Cumbria, England. Boundaries and divisions Cumbria is neighboured by Northumberland, County Durham, North Yorkshire, Lancashire, and the Lieutenancy ^[41] The town, along with Walney Island, is unparished and forms the bulk of the wards which make the entire borough's area. Walney Island, also known as the Isle of Walney, is the eighth largest marine Island in England. They can be seen in the box below.

Geography

Walney From Barrow-in-Furness

Barrow-in-Furness is situated at the tip of the Furness peninsula on the north-western edge of Morecambe Bay. Central Barrow refers to the town centre of Barrow-in-Furness, Cumbria, North West England, UK. Hawcoat is a ward (area of the British town Barrow-in-Furness, Cumbria, North West England. Roosecote or Roose is a suburb of Barrow-in-Furness in Cumbria. Vickerstown is an area located on the Isle of Walney, near to the mainland town of Barrow-in-Furness, England. Biggar is a Village towards the south of Walney Island in Cumbria, England. Furness (ˈfɘˑnəs is a Peninsula in the southern part of Cumbria, in north-west England. A peninsula is a piece of land that is nearly surrounded by Water but connected to Mainland via an Isthmus. Morecambe Bay is a large bay in northwest England, nearly due east of the Isle of Man and just to the south of the Lake District National Park The town centre and major industrial areas sit on a fairly flat coastal shelf, with a gentle incline leading away from the coast. Ten miles (16 km) to the north-east is the southern boundary of the English Lake District. The Lake District, also known as The Lakes or Lakeland, is a rural area in North West England.

Destinations from BARROW-IN-FURNESS
Irish Sea, Atlantic Ocean	Askam-in-Furness, Duddon Estuary, Millom	Dalton-in-Furness, Ulverston
Walney Island, Irish Sea, Isle of Man	N W E S	Leece, Morecambe Bay, Bolton-le-Sands, Carnforth
Walney Island, Irish Sea, Anglesey	Roa Island, Morecambe Bay, Fleetwood	Morecambe Bay, Morecambe, Lancaster

Islands

Main article: Islands of Furness

The town is sheltered from the Irish Sea by Walney Island, a 10 mile (20 km) long island connected to the mainland by the Bascule type Jubilee bridge. The Irish Sea ( Irish: Muir Éireann or Muir Meann; Scottish Gaelic: Muir Eireann Welsh: Môr Iwerddon, Askam and Ireleth is a Civil parish in the county of Cumbria, in North West England. The Duddon Estuary is the sandy estuary of the River Duddon that lies between Morecambe Bay and the west Cumbrian coast Millom is a town on the estuary of the River Duddon in Cumbria, England, which in Victorian Times was merely a small hamlet by the name of Holborn Dalton-in-Furness is a small town of approximately 11000 people north-east of Barrow-in-Furness, in Cumbria, England. Ulverston is a Market town in the South Lakeland district of Cumbria in north-west England. Walney Island, also known as the Isle of Walney, is the eighth largest marine Island in England. The Irish Sea ( Irish: Muir Éireann or Muir Meann; Scottish Gaelic: Muir Eireann Welsh: Môr Iwerddon, The Isle of Man (Ellan Vannin ˈɛlʲən ˈvanɪn or Mann (Mannin) is a self-governing Crown dependency, located in the Irish Sea at the geographical Leece is a Village on the Furness peninsula in Cumbria, England, situated between the towns of Ulverston and Barrow-in-Furness Morecambe Bay is a large bay in northwest England, nearly due east of the Isle of Man and just to the south of the Lake District National Park Bolton-le-Sands is a large village in the Lancaster district of Lancashire, England. Carnforth is a small town near Lancaster in the north of Lancashire, England, situated at the north-east end of Morecambe Bay, by the River Keer Walney Island, also known as the Isle of Walney, is the eighth largest marine Island in England. The Irish Sea ( Irish: Muir Éireann or Muir Meann; Scottish Gaelic: Muir Eireann Welsh: Môr Iwerddon, History There are numerous Megalithic monuments and Menhirs present on Anglesey testifying to the presence of mankind in prehistory Roa Island lies just over half a mile (1 km south of the village of Rampside at the southernmost point of the Furness Peninsula in Cumbria, though Morecambe Bay is a large bay in northwest England, nearly due east of the Isle of Man and just to the south of the Lake District National Park Fleetwood is a town within the Wyre district of Lancashire, England, lying at the northwest corner of The Fylde. Morecambe Bay is a large bay in northwest England, nearly due east of the Isle of Man and just to the south of the Lake District National Park Morecambe is a resort town within the City of Lancaster district of Lancashire, England. Lancaster (pronounced ˈlæŋˌkæstə or ˈlænˌkæstə is a City in Lancashire, England. The Islands of Furness are situated to the south-west and east of the Furness Peninsula Walney Island, also known as the Isle of Walney, is the eighth largest marine Island in England. The Bascule Bridge is a paved one-lane highway bridge in Westport, Massachusetts, USA. About 13,000 live on the isle's various settlements, mostly in Vickerstown, which was build to house workers in the rapidly expanding shipyard. Vickerstown is an area located on the Isle of Walney, near to the mainland town of Barrow-in-Furness, England. Another significant island which lay in the Walney channel is Barrow Island, but following the filling of the channel to create land for the yard is now directly connected to the town. Barrow Island is a built up Island forming part of the town of Barrow-in-Furness, in Furness, England. Other islands which lie close to Barrow are Piel Island, whose castle protected the harbour from marauding Scots, Sheep Island, Roa Island and Foulney Island. Piel Island lies half a mile (1 km off the southern tip of the Furness Peninsula in the Administrative county of Cumbria, though formerly in the area of Sheep Island is a small grassy area just over 1/4 mile (400 m from the shore of Walney Island, opposite Snab Point. Roa Island lies just over half a mile (1 km south of the village of Rampside at the southernmost point of the Furness Peninsula in Cumbria, though Foulney Island is a low-lying grass and shingle area 1 mile (1

Climate

Demographics

Population
Barrow changed from a having a population in the low thousands in the early 1800s to a fully fledged town of 60,000 in less than twenty years. Male (♂ refers to the sex of an organism or part of an organism which produces small mobile Gametes called spermatozoa. Female (♀ is the Sex of an Organism, or a part of an organism which produces ova (egg cells Since the start of the 20th century the population of the town has gradually diminished to just under 60,000. The Barrow council district, which includes the surrounding area, has a population of 71,980 according to the most recent census, placing it 326th out of the 376 local authorities in England and Wales (however a population density of 900 per km² Barrow ranks 147th out of 376). Barrow-in-Furness is a local government district with borough status in Cumbria, England. ^[44] Barrow-in-Furness can be regarded as the largest town in Cumbria, Carlisle in the north of the county having city status. People from Barrow are known as Barrovians. ^[45]

Age
The life female life expectancy at birth is 80. 40 years, and male life expectancy is 74. 80 (The respective figures for England are 81. 14 and 76. 92). ^[47]

Ethnicity
2008 estimates state 94. 3% of Barrow's population as indigenous White British, and ethnic minority populations in Barrow stand at 5. 7%, the breakdown of which is shown in the table below. ^[48] Scandinavians were the first to settle in the area, and it is likely that a significant percentage of the town's population is of Scandinavian descent. Terminology and usage As a cultural term "Scandinavia" has no official definition and is subject to usage by those who identify with the culture in question as well Barrow has the eighth fastest growing white other community of any town or city in the country, at 15. 9% growth between 2004 and 2005, only Exeter, Lancaster, Colchester, Hull, Durham, Leeds and Bristol were faster growing. Exeter ( (IPA ˈeksɪtər is a city, district and County town of Devon, England. Lancaster (pronounced ˈlæŋˌkæstə or ˈlænˌkæstə is a City in Lancashire, England. Colchester ( /ˈkəʊltʃɛstə/ is a town and the largest settlement within the borough of Colchester, in Essex, England. Kingston upon Hull ( almost invariably referred Durham (ˈdʌrəm in RP, locally ˈdʏrəm is a small city and main settlement of the City of Durham district of County Durham, England Leeds ( is located on the River Aire in West Yorkshire, England Bristol ( ˈbrɪstəl is a city, Unitary authority and ceremonial county in South West England, west of London ^[49] Barrow has also seen a huge increase with other ethnic minority groups, and the growth rate for most groups is around 2 times faster than national average. ^[50] To summarise, 1 in 10 people are not indigenous to the immediate area (i. e. England).

Country of birth
The 2001 UK census states that 93. A nationwide Census, commonly known as Census 2001, was conducted in the United Kingdom on Sunday 29 April 2001 56% (67,345) of the borough's population was born in England, 2. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland 86% (2,061) in Scotland, 0. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. 63% (451) in Wales, 0. 68% (486) in Northern Ireland, 0. Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a Country within the United Kingdom, lying in the northeast of 32% (231) in the Republic of Ireland and 0. Ireland ( Irish: Éire, ˈeːrʲə is a country in north-western Europe. 06% (43) in the Channel Islands. The Channel Islands ( Norman: Îles d'la Manche, French: Îles Anglo-Normandes or Îles de la Manche) are a group of Islands 0. 61% (441) of the town's 2001 population were born in the rest of Europe, the five largest sub-groups being Germans, Former Yugoslavs, Spaniards, Italians and Poles, although the current numbers are likely to be much higher (especially with the Polish born numbers). German migration to the United Kingdom has been taking place for hundreds of years Spanish migration to the United Kingdom has occurred in large numbers since 1945 Italian Britons also known as Britalians, are British citizens whose ancestry originates in Italy. Polish British People or Polish Britons are people of Polish origin who were born in or emigrated to the United Kingdom over the course of history or descendants of such The Asian born population represented 0. 50% (363) of Barrow's population, the five largest sub-groups being Indians, Chinese (mostly from Hong Kong), Filpinos, - Cypriots (included as Middle-Easterners) - Singaporeans and Pakistanis. British Asians are British citizens who are immigrants or descendants of immigrants from India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka British Chinese, including British-born Chinese (often informally referred to as BBC) are people of Chinese ancestry who were born in or have migrated Filipino British people are British citizens or immigrants who are of Filipino ancestry Singaporean British or Singaporean Briton is a term used to refer to people of Singaporean descent who have been born in and/or raised in the United Kingdom 0. 35% (253) of people were born in North America, with Canadians, Americans and Jamaicans constituting for the majority of these. History and settlement Canadians live in the United Kingdom for a variety of reasons Jamaican Briton' or Jamaican British is a term used in the United Kingdom to refer to people who were born in Jamaica or who are of Jamaican descent 0. 23% (177) of people were born in Africa, with the three largest sub-groups being South Africans, Zimbabweans and Nigerians. Nigerian British is the term given to describe British people of Nigerian descent 0. 12% (83) of people were born in Oceania namely Australia and New Zealand. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island 0. 04% (27) of Barrovians were born in Latin America, and 0. Latin American Britons are British people who were either born in Latin America or who have Latin American Ancestors Significant migration 02% (11) of people were born in some other place. ^[52]

Religion
In the 2001 census 58,322 Barrovians stated themselves as being Christian. A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth People stating no religion or chose not to state numbered 13,234 combined. The second largest religion in Barrow is Islam with a population of 182 Muslims. For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. Other religious populations are as follows: 72 Buddhists, (nearby Conishead Priory, the first Kadampa Buddhist centre in the west, is home to around 100 Buddhists^[53]) 46 Hindus, 25 Jews and 96 with another religion. A number of noted individuals have been Buddhists. Historical Buddhist thinkers and founders of schools Individuals are grouped by nationality except in cases where the Located at Conishead Priory in Ulverston, England, and consecrated in July 1997 the NKT-Kadampa -Temple is the main meditation hall at Manjushri Kadampa The Kadam ( tradition was a Tibetan Mahayana Buddhist school Dromtönpa a Tibetan lay master and the foremost disciple of the great Indian Buddhist A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ ^[44]

Other
Out of the 56,987 age 16 or over in 2001, 43. 81% were married, 26. 26% single, 9. In relationships, a single person is one who is not married or in a romantic relationship 57% widowed, 9. WIDOW is a full-length Album recorded by British rock band Ritual released in 1983 36% divorced, 8. Divorce or dissolution of marriage is the termination of a Marriage. 98% re-married and 2. 01% separated (but still legally married). ^[54] The Total Fertility Rate of Barrow is 1. The total fertility rate ( TFR, sometimes also called the fertility rate, period total fertility rate (PTFR or total 54, lower than North West England's rate (1. North West England is one of the nine official Regions of England. 66) and England's (1. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland 65). ^[55] 162 Barrovians were working in the Armed Forces in 2001^[56] Barrow has one of the highest percentages of people on benefits in the entire United Kingdom, at 23% of the working age, it is almost double England's average of 14%. For the military meaning see Armed forces. For the Soviet sports society see Armed Forces (sports society Armed Forces ^[57]

Economy

Devonshire Dock Hall, - Europe's largest ship building hall at almost 200 ft high and 900 ft long, however the recently approved Central Assembly Shop also in Barrow could take the title

BAE Systems viewed from Walney Island

Barrow has one of the largest shipyards in Britain which is currently owned and operated by BAE Systems. See also Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain (Breatainn Mhòr Prydain Fawr Breten Veur Graet Breetain is the larger of the two main islands BAE Systems plc (BAE is a British defence and aerospace company headquartered in Farnborough, England, that has global interests particularly It was expanded by construction of a new covered assembly facility, the Devonshire Dock Hall (DDH), completed by Alfred McAlpine in 1986^[58] on land that was created by infilling part of the Devonshire Dock with 2. Alfred McAlpine plc was a British construction firm headquartered in London Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) 4 million tonnes of sand pumped from nearby Roosecote Sands. DDH is the tallest building in Cumbria and has dominated the Barrow skyline for over 20 years. With a length of 268 m (879 ft), width of 51 m (167 ft) and an area of 25,000 m² it is the largest shipbuilding construction complex of its kind in Europe^[59]. However, BAE Systems has recently obtained planning permission from Barrow Borough Council for an even taller 54. 2 m (178 ft) building; the new Central Assembly Shop dubbed 'Son of DDH' will provide over 700 new jobs, initially in construction of a large section of the new Queen Elizabeth class aircraft carriers. History Requirement The 22000 tonne Invincible class aircraft carriers ''Invincible'', ''Illustrious'' and ''Ark Royal'' ^[60]

HMS Bulwark of the Albion-class landing platform docks. Service history HMS Bulwark departed the UK in January 2006 for a six-month East of Suez maiden deployment An amphibious transport dock (also called a landing platform dock or LPD) is an Amphibious warfare ship, a warship that embarks transports and lands elements

The DDH provides a controlled environment for ship and submarine assembly, and avoids the difficulties caused by building on the slope of traditional slipways. A slipway, boat slip or just a slip, is a ramp on the shore by which Ships or Boats can be moved to and from the water Outside the hall, a 24,300 tonne capacity shiplift allows completed vessels to be lowered into the water independently of the tide. Vessels can also be lifted out of the water and transferred to the hall. ^[61] The first use of the DDH was for construction of the Vanguard-class submarines, and later vessels of the Trafalgar-class submarines were also built there

The shipyard does not build submarines exclusively: recent years have seen the fitting out and commissioning of helicopter carrier HMS Ocean (although the ship was built by Kværner in Govan, Glasgow), and construction of Wave Class tanker Wave Knight and Albion Class amphibious assault ships HMS Albion and HMS Bulwark. Design The Vanguard s were designed from the outset as an unlimited-range nuclear powered ballistic missile submarine unlike the previous ''Resolution'' class Description The Trafalgar is a refinement of the ''Swiftsure'' class and designed six years later than its predecessor History An invitation to tender for a new Helicopter carrier was issued in February 1992 Govan ( Scottish Gaelic: Baile a' Ghobhainn) is a district and former Burgh in the southwestern part of the City of Glasgow, Glasgow (ˈglæzgoʊ is the largest city in Scotland and third most populous in the United Kingdom The Wave Knight class tankers are Royal Fleet Auxiliary fast fleet tankers tasked with providing fuel food ammunition and other supplies to Royal Navy vessels around Affiliations Chester The Mercian Regiment Plymouth Albion RFC Service history HMS Bulwark departed the UK in January 2006 for a six-month East of Suez maiden deployment

HMS Astute is the most recent vessel to be launched in Barrow

The shipyard is currently constructing the Astute-class submarines the first of which was launched on 8 June 2007. Technology The 7675-ton Astute ’s nuclear reactor will not need to be refuelled during the boat's 25 year service Background As the ''Swiftsure''-class submarines aged the Royal Navy began to design their replacements Events 68 - The Roman Senate accepts emperor Galba. 536 - St Silverius becomes Pope (probable Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ^[62] With firm orders for submarine pressure domes for the Spanish Navy^[63] and a large section (hull lower block 3^[64]) of the new aircraft carriers, as well as eventual replacement of the Trident missile system for which the British House of Commons voted in 2007, the future of Barrow's shipyard seems assured. The British replacement of Trident is a proposal to replace the existing ''Vanguard'' class of four submarines each armed with 16 Trident II Submarine-launched The House of Commons' is the Lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which also comprises the Sovereign and the House of Lords

Associated British Ports Holdings owns and operates the port of Barrow which can berth vessels up to 200 m long and with a draught of 10 m. Associated British Ports Holdings Ltd owns and operates 21 Ports in the United Kingdom. The draft (or draught) of a ship's hull is the vertical distance between the Waterline and the bottom of the hull ( Keel) with the thickness Principal traffic includes the export of condensate by-product from the production of gas at the Rampside Gas Terminal, wood pulp, and locally quarried limestone which is exported to Scandinavia for use in the paper industry. Wood pulp is a dry fibrous material prepared by chemically or mechanically separating the fibers which make up Wood. The port, which has deep water access, also handles the shipment of nuclear fuels and waste for BNFL's nearby Sellafield plant. Nuclear fuel is any material that can be consumed to derive Nuclear energy, by analogy to chemical Fuel that is burned to derive energy Radioactive wastes are Waste types containing radioactive Chemical elements that do not have a practical purpose British Nuclear Fuels plc or BNFL manufactures and transports nuclear fuel (notably MOX) runs reactors generates and sells Electricity, reprocesses and Sellafield is a nuclear processing and former electricity generating site close to the village of Seascale on the coast of the Irish Sea in Cumbria ^[65]

In 1985, gas was discovered in Morecambe Bay, with the products processed onshore at the gas terminal in Rampside, south of the town. Morecambe Bay is a large bay in northwest England, nearly due east of the Isle of Man and just to the south of the Lake District National Park ^[66] A new 30 turbine wind-farm which has recently been built in the Irish Sea off the coast of Walney Island, although the electricity generated is sent by undersea cable to Heysham. A wind turbine is a rotating machine which converts the Kinetic energy in Wind into Mechanical energy. The Irish Sea ( Irish: Muir Éireann or Muir Meann; Scottish Gaelic: Muir Eireann Welsh: Môr Iwerddon, Walney Island, also known as the Isle of Walney, is the eighth largest marine Island in England. Heysham ( IPA /ˈhiːʃəm/ "hee-sham" is a large coastal Village near Lancaster in the county of Lancashire, England ^[67]

James Fisher and Sons Public Limited Company, a service provider in all sectors of the marine industry and a specialist supplier of engineering services to the nuclear industry in the UK and abroad,^[68] was founded in Barrow in 1847^[69] and is the largest company to have its headquarters situated in Cumbria. Marine is an Umbrella term. As an adjective it is usually applicable to things relating to the Sea or Ocean, such as Marine biology, Marine Nuclear power is any Nuclear technology designed to extract usable Energy from atomic nuclei via controlled Nuclear reactions The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Headquarters (HQ denotes the location where most if not all of the important functions of an organization are concentrated Boundaries and divisions Cumbria is neighboured by Northumberland, County Durham, North Yorkshire, Lancashire, and the Lieutenancy Annual revenue stood at almost £90 million in 2007 (up 55% from £57 million in 2006), as well as staff numbers standing at over 1,000 worldwide, with 120 of those in the Barrow headquarters. See also Pound (currency.The pound sign (" £ " or " ₤ " is the symbol for the Pound sterling —the currency of the ^[70]

Other major employers include the NHS, through Furness General Hospital, which employs 1,800 staff^[71] and the Kimberly Clark paper mill which has 400 employees. Kimberly-Clark Corporation () is an American Corporation that produces mostly Paper -based consumer products ^[72]

Employment

Below is a list of how many people were employed by each sector (2001 UK Census), the percentage in brackets is that of the total working population of Barrow. A nationwide Census, commonly known as Census 2001, was conducted in the United Kingdom on Sunday 29 April 2001 The + or - signs at the end indicate whether the percentge employed in that sector is slightly higher +, much higher ++, slightly lower- or much lower-- than England's average^[73] . England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland

• Manufacturing - 8,087 employed (28. Manufacturing (from Latin manu factura, "making by hand" is the use of tools and labor to make things for use or sale 03% of towns working population) ++
• Retail: 4,671 (16. 19%) -
• Health and Social Work: 3,635 (12. Health is a state of complete physical mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity Social work is a discipline involving the application of Social theory and research methods to study and improve the lives of people groups and societies 60%) ++
• Real Estate, renting and business activities: 1,852 (6. Real estate is a legal term (in some jurisdictions notably in the USA, United Kingdom 42%) --
• Construction: 1,797 (6. In the fields of Architecture and Civil engineering, construction is a process that consists of the Building or assembling of Infrastructure 23%) -
• Education: 1,765 (6. Education encompasses both the Teaching and Learning of Knowledge, proper conduct, and technical competency 12%) -
• Hotels and Catering: 1,730 (6. A hotel is an establishment that provides paid lodging usually on a short-term basis Catering is the Business of providing Foodservice at a remote site 00%) ++
• Transport Storage and Communication: 1,490 (5. Transport or transportation is the movement of people and goods from one place to another Communication is the process of conveying information from a sender to a receiver with the use of a medium in which the communicated information is understood the same way 16%) -
• Public Administration and Defence: 1,427 (4. Public administration can be broadly described as the development implementation and study of branches of government Policy. 95%) -
• Other: 1,179 (4. 09%) -
• Financial Intermediation: 471 (1. The field of finance refers to the concepts of Time, Money and Risk and how they are interrelated 63%) --
• Electricity, Gas and Water supply: 379 (1. This page is about the physical properties of gas as a state of matter Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. 31%) +
• Agriculture: 252 (0. Agriculture refers to the production of goods through the growing of plants and fungi and the raising of domesticated Animals The study of agriculture 87%) -
• Fishing: 8 (0. For the computer security term see Phishing. Fishing is the activity of catching Fish. 03%) +

Tourism

An example of the scenery, just south of the town in Rampside

Being only around 20 minutes from the Lake District,^[74] Barrow has been referred to as a 'gateway to the lakes',^[75] a status which could be enhanced by the new marina complex and planned cruise ship terminal. Rampside is a village in Cumbria, England, located a few miles south-east of the town of Barrow-in-Furness, in the north-western corner of Morecambe The Lake District, also known as The Lakes or Lakeland, is a rural area in North West England. For other uses of this word see Marina (disambiguation. A marina is a sheltered Harbor where Boats and Yachts A cruise ship or cruise liner is a Passenger ship used for pleasure voyages where the voyage itself and the ship's amenities are part of the experience ^[76] Barrow itself has several tourist attractions, including the Dock Museum. The Dock Museum is situated in the British town of Barrow-in-Furness ( Cumbria) The museum tells the history of Barrow's shipbuilding, as well as offering gallery space to local artists and schoolchildren. It is built upon and around the old graving dock. ^[77] Barrow also has a popular indoor market, which features a food hall as well as stalls selling clothes and other goods. ^[78][79] Barrow has been described as the Lake District's premier shopping town, with big name shops mingling in with small local ones,^[80] and being home to Portland Walk Shopping Centre. Portland Walk is a medium sized inner-city shopping centre situated in the town of Barrow-in-Furness, North West England. ^[81] The town also features Hollywood Park - a leisure facility with restaurants, shops^[80] and Cumbria's largest cinema. Cinemaaustraliajpg|thumb|A movie theater in Australia ]]A movie theater, movie theatre, picture theatre or cinema is a venue ^[82] The town also features several other retail parks. In the United Kingdom, a retail park is a grouping of many retail warehouses and superstores with associated Car parking Its North American ^[83] The Park Leisure Centre is a fitness suite with a pool, set in the 45 acre Barrow Park. ^[80]

Transport

Barrow's principal road link is the A590, linking it to Ulverston, the Lake District and to the M6 motorway. The A590 is a Trunk road in southern Cumbria, in the north-west of England. Ulverston is a Market town in the South Lakeland district of Cumbria in north-west England. This article concerns the M6 motorway in England There are also M6 motorways in Russia (see Caspian Highway) Hungary (see M6 motorway ^[84] Just north of Barrow is the southern terminus of the A595, linking the town to Whitehaven, Workington and eventually Carlisle. The A595 is a Primary route in Cumbria, in northern England that starts in Carlisle, and passes Whitehaven and Workington For the neighbourhood in Memphis Tennessee see Whitehaven Memphis. Http//uploadwikimediaorg/wikipedia/en/a/ab/Workingtonjpg Workington is a town and port on the west coast of Cumbria, England at the mouth of the Carlisle (pronounced CARLYLE(emphasis on the first syllable is a City in northern England the largest settlement in Cumbria. ^[84] The possibility of a bridge link over Morecambe Bay is occasionally raised, with feasibility studies currently underway. Morecambe Bay is a large bay in northwest England, nearly due east of the Isle of Man and just to the south of the Lake District National Park ^[85]

Bus services within the town are operated by Stagecoach North West. Stagecoach North West is a major operator of Bus services in North West England. There is no specifically designated bus station, although many buses start and terminate their routes near the Town Hall. The original bus depot was known for its role in a 1970s television commercial for Chewits sweets before its demolition. bus station is a structure where city or intercity Buses stop to pick up and drop off passengers Chewits are a British Confectionery manufactured by the Leaf Corporation, and were originally launched in the UK in 1965. ^[86] Other services link Barrow with outlying villages as well as longer distance routes to Dalton-in-Furness, Ulverston and Kendal. Dalton-in-Furness is a small town of approximately 11000 people north-east of Barrow-in-Furness, in Cumbria, England. Ulverston is a Market town in the South Lakeland district of Cumbria in north-west England. Kendal is a Market town and Civil parish within the South Lakeland district of Cumbria, England.

Barrow-in-Furness railway station provides connections to Whitehaven, Workington and Carlisle to the north, via the Cumbrian Coast Line, and to Ulverston, Grange-over-Sands and Lancaster to the east, via the Furness Line. Barrow-in-Furness railway station is a Railway station that serves the town of Barrow-in-Furness in Cumbria, England. For historical information see Cumbrian Coast Line (history Towns and villages along the route Carlisle Grange-over-Sands is a town by the sea or depending on the state of the extensive tide sands in Cumbria, England. Lancaster (pronounced ˈlæŋˌkæstə or ˈlænˌkæstə is a City in Lancashire, England. It handles 503,800 passengers annually. ^[87] Barrow has a second railway station, called Roose railway station, which serves the suburb of Roose. Roose railway station is a Railway station that serves the suburb of Roose, which is in the town of Barrow-in-Furness in Cumbria, England Roosecote or Roose is a suburb of Barrow-in-Furness in Cumbria.

Other means of transport in and out of Barrow include air, with the town being home to a regional airfield (Barrow/Walney Island Airfield), owned and operated by BAE Systems (IATA airport code: BWF, ICAO: EGNL). An aerodrome is an area on land or water (including any buildings installations and equipment used for the arrival and departure of aircraft BAE Systems plc (BAE is a British defence and aerospace company headquartered in Farnborough, England, that has global interests particularly An IATA airport code, also known an IATA location identifier, IATA station code or simply a location identifier, is a three-letter code designating many The International Civil Aviation Organization ( ICAO) an agency of the United Nations, codifies the principles and techniques of international air navigation It is one of two airports in the county, the other being Carlisle Airport. Carlisle Airport is located 5 Nautical miles (93 km east northeast of Carlisle, Cumbria, England. The nearest international airport is Blackpool International Airport, although most people from Barrow use the larger Liverpool John Lennon and Manchester Airports. Blackpool International Airport is a small international Airport, on the outskirts of Blackpool on the Fylde coast, Lancashire in Manchester Airport is a major Airport in the vicinity of Manchester, England, and the largest airport in the United Kingdom outside the Despite being one of the UK's leading shipbuilding centres, Barrow is only a minor port. ||-||-|-||-||-||-||-||-||-|} A port is a facility for receiving Ships and transferring cargo Although there are no ferry links to Barrow, there are proposals to create a cruise ship terminal. ^[88]

Sports

Barrow A. F. C

Barrow A. F. C. logo

Main article: Barrow A.F.C.

Barrow A.F.C. next year 2008/2009 will play in the Conference National division of English football. Barrow AFC are a football team based in the town of Barrow-in-Furness in Cumbria, England. Barrow AFC are a football team based in the town of Barrow-in-Furness in Cumbria, England. Conference National (currently named the Blue Square Premier for sponsorship reasons is the top division of the Football Conference. ^[89] The team, founded in 1901, are nicknamed "the Bluebirds" and play their home games at the Holker Street stadium. Holker Street is a Sports Stadium located in Barrow-in-Furness, Cumbria, England. ^[90] The side were members of the Football League until they were demoted in 1972. The Football League, also known as the Coca-Cola Football League for sponsorship reasons is a league competition featuring professional football clubs ^[90] In 1990, they won the FA Trophy beating Leek Town 3-0 in the final at Wembley Stadium, London. History It was created by The Football Association in 1969 for Semi-professional teams to complement the existing FA Amateur Cup. Leek Town Football Club is an English football club based in Leek Staffordshire, currently playing in the Northern Premier League Division One South original Wembley Stadium was a football Stadium in Wembley, a suburb of north-west London, standing on the site now occupied by the London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. ^[91] Football players born in Barrow include England internationals Emlyn Hughes^[92] and Gary Stevens,^[93] as well as Harry Hadley,^[94] and Vic Metcalfe. Emlyn Walter Hughes, OBE ( 28 August 1947 &ndash 9 November 2004) was an English footballer who captained Michael Gary Stevens (born in Barrow-in-Furness, England, 27 March 1963) is a retired English footballer who shot to fame Harold Hadley ( 26 October 1877 in Barrow-in-Furness – 12 September 1942 in West Bromwich) was an English professional Vic Metcalfe (born 1922 in Barrow-in-Furness) was a Professional footballer who played as a Midfielder for Huddersfield Town ^[95] Of current professional footballers, Wayne Curtis,^[96] Morecambe F.C. striker, and Iran U20 and Hibernian F.C. winger Shana Haji^[97] both hail from the town. Wayne Curtis (born 6 March 1980 in Barrow-in-Furness) is an English Football striker. Morecambe Football Club is an English football club based in Morecambe, Lancashire. Hibernian Football Club is a Scottish professional football club based in Leith, in the north of Edinburgh.

Holker Old Boys F. C.

Main article: Holker Old Boys F.C.

Holker Old Boys, based at Rakesmoor Lane are the town's second most successful football team, and they play in the North West Counties Football League Division Two. Holker Old Boys are an English football team based in Barrow-in-Furness, Cumbria.

Barrow Raiders

Main article: Barrow Raiders

Rugby league is a well-established sport and the town is considered as one of the game's traditional heartlands at professional and amateur levels. Barrow Raiders are a British Rugby league team from Barrow-in-Furness in Cumbria. History See also History of rugby league The grass roots of rugby league can be traced to early football history, through the playing of ball games ^[98] The professional team, Barrow Raiders, whose home games are at Craven Park, play in National League Two. Barrow Raiders are a British Rugby league team from Barrow-in-Furness in Cumbria. Craven Park is a Rugby league stadium in Barrow-in-Furness, Cumbria, England. In the 1950s the side played in three Challenge Cup finals, winning the last of these against Workington Town. In the 1997 reorganisation of the sport the original Barrow RLFC team merged with Carlisle Border Raiders to form Barrow Border Raiders,^[99] with the word "border" later dropped. Carlisle RLFC were a Rugby league team based in Carlisle, Cumbria. Players who were born in the town and played at a professional level include brothers Ade^[100] and Mat Gardner^[101] and Willie Horne. Ade Gardner (born June 26 1983) is a Rugby league player from Barrow-in-Furness in Cumbria. Mat Gardner (born 24 August 1985 is a Rugby league player who currently plays for the Salford City Reds. Willie Horne (born 23rd January 1922 in Barrow-in-Furness, Lancashire, died 25 March 2001 was an English Rugby league footballer ^[102] The latter captained Barrow to their Challenge Cup victory and represented Great Britain at an international level. He was inducted in to the "Barrow Hall of Fame" along with former Barrow players Phil Jackson and Jimmy Lewthwaite. Phil Jackson is a former Great Britain rugby league captain and centre as well as a Barrow club legend Jimmy Lewthwaite ( 10 November, 1920 - 23 December, 2006) who was born in Broughton Road Cleator Moor, Cumberland, was a . ^[103]

Motor Racing

Main article: Barrow Bombers

Barrow in Furness has staged speedway racing at three venues since the pioneer days in the late 1920s. The Barrow Bombers were a Speedway team promoted in Barrow-in-Furness. The first track was at Holker Street. This venue had a revival for a short spell in the early to mid 1970s. In 1930 the sport moved to Little Park but this a somewhat hazy venue. The sport had a revival in 1978 at Park Avenue Industrial Estate but this was relatively short lived.

Golf

Barrow is home to two large and extremely well maintained golf clubs. Barrow Golf Club founded in 1922, situated in Hawcoat covers some 6,209 yards with 18 holes. ^[104] Furness Golf Club, possibly the most famous of the two is located on Walney Island, just 50 yards from the Irish Sea, it also offers a 18 hole course, a pro shop and many other up to date facilities. ^[105]

Culture

The rustic entrance to The Canteen

Radio

Barrow is served by two commercial radio stations. The Bay is broadcast from Lancaster and serves the area around Morecambe Bay. The Bay is a British Radio station owned by the CN Group broadcasting from the city of Lancaster to the region of North Lancashire and the Lancaster (pronounced ˈlæŋˌkæstə or ˈlænˌkæstə is a City in Lancashire, England. Morecambe Bay is a large bay in northwest England, nearly due east of the Isle of Man and just to the south of the Lake District National Park Abbey FM begun broadcasting from Barrow after being awarded a commercial radio license by Ofcom in 2005. The Office of Communications (Y Swyddfa Gyfathrebiadau or as it is more often known Ofcom is the independent regulator and competition authority for the Communication The station, whose target remit is 25 to 64 year-olds living in Barrow and the Furness peninsula, is owned by The Radio Business Ltd, CN Group and The Local Radio Company Ltd. Furness (ˈfɘˑnəs is a Peninsula in the southern part of Cumbria, in north-west England. The CN Group Limited is an independent local media business based in Carlisle which operates in three different media fields ^[106] The BBC's local radio service is BBC Radio Cumbria, who have studio facilities in the town. ^[107]

Newspapers

There is one paid-for evening daily paper - the North West Evening Mail. The North-West Evening Mail, known locally as the Evening Mail, is a daily local Newspaper in the United Kingdom, printed every There is also a weekly freesheet called the Advertiser, which is delivered to most households in the Furness area. Both are owned by independent publisher the CN group, formerly Cumbrian Newspapers. The CN Group Limited is an independent local media business based in Carlisle which operates in three different media fields ^[108]

Television

Barrow lies in the Granada TV/ North West England region with the main signal coming from the Winter Hill transmitter near Bolton. Granada Television is the United Kingdom ITV contractor for North West England. North West England is one of the nine official Regions of England. There is also a relay transmitter at Millom whose signal can be received in the northern end of the town. Millom is a town on the estuary of the River Duddon in Cumbria, England, which in Victorian Times was merely a small hamlet by the name of Holborn The signal from Millom is generally of inferior quality, with most households receiving BBC 1 and 2 and ITV at adequate quality, with low quality reception of Channel 4 programs.

Various television personalities were born in the district. Dave Myers was a biker born in Barrow, before he found fame as one half of television cookery duo The Hairy Bikers. MotorCycle is the title of a 1993 album by Rock band Daniel Amos, released on BAI Records. In its strictest sense a celebrity chef is a someone who has become well-known for his/her cooking Dave Myers ( from Barrow-in-Furness) and Si King ( from Washington Tyne and Wear) collectively known as The Hairy Bikers ^[109] Karen Taylor is a TV comedienne best known for her BBC Three sketch show 'Touch Me, I'm Karen Taylor'. Karen Taylor (born 29 June 1976 in Barrow-in-Furness, Cumbria) is an English Comedian. A comedian or comic is a person who seeks to entertain an audience primarily by making them laugh BBC Three is a television channel from the BBC broadcasting via Digital cable, terrestrial, IPTV and satellite platforms ^[110] Steve Dixon is a newsreader for Sky News,^[111] while Nigel Kneale was a well-known film and television scriptwriter. Steve Dixon (born in Barrow-in-Furness, Cumbria) is an English newsreader who currently works for Sky News Sky News is a rolling TV news channel providing 24 hour news coverage including the latest breaking news Nigel Kneale (18 April 1922 &ndash 29 October 2006 was a Manx writer who worked mostly in the United Kingdom. ^[112]

Wartime diarist and local housewife Nella Last's memoirs were adapted for television, with parts of the town used in filming. Nella Last (née Nellie Lord 4 October 1889 &ndash 22 June 1968) was a housewife who lived in Barrow-in-Furness, The resulting programme, Housewife, 49, starring comedienne Victoria Wood, was broadcast by ITV in 2006. Housewife 49 was a 2006 television drama based on the wartime diaries of Nella Last. Victoria Wood CBE (born 19 May 1953 in Prestwich, Lancashire) is a BAFTA award winning English Comedian Independent Television (generally known as ITV) is a public service network of British commercial television broadcasters set up under the Independent It won two BAFTA awards - one for Best Single Drama, the other for Best Actress (Victoria Wood). The 2007 British Academy Television Awards were held on Sunday 20 May at the London Palladium Theatre in London. ^[113][114] CITV children's show The Treacle People had two villains named Barrow and Furness respectively. CITV (short for Children's ITV or Children's Independent Television) is the brand name used for the Majority of Children's television output The Treacle People was a children's television programme shown on CITV in the United Kingdom, in 1995. Furness (ˈfɘˑnəs is a Peninsula in the southern part of Cumbria, in north-west England. ^[115]

Music

Barrow has produced several musical performers of note. They include Thomas Round, a singer and actor in D'Oyly Carte productions of Savoy Opera^[116] as well as Glenn Cornick, the original bass guitarist in the rock band, Jethro Tull. Thomas Round (born October 18 1915) is a retired English Opera singer and Actor, best known for his performances in the Tenor An actor, actress, player or thespian (see terminology) is a person who Acts in a Dramatic production and who works Savoy Operas denote a style of Comic opera that developed in Victorian England in the late 19th century with W Glenn Cornick (born Glenn Douglas Barnard Cornick 24 April 1947, in Barrow-in-Furness, Cumbria) was the bespectacled first Bass guitar The electric bass guitar (also called electric bass, or simply bass; ˈbeɪs as in "base" is a Stringed instrument played primarily with the Jethro Tull are a British rock group formed in 1967-1968 Their music is marked by the distinctive vocal style and lead Flute work of front man ^[117] The father of Simply Red's Mick Hucknall was born in Barrow before moving to Manchester. Simply Red is an English pop band Their style draws influences from pop, rock, jazz, Lovers rock, and Blue-eyed soul Michael Hucknall (born 8 June 1960) is a British singer and songwriter ^[118] More recently, hip-hop DJ and record producer Aim has had considerable commercial success. A disc jockey (also known as DJ or deejay) is a person who selects and plays recorded music for an audience In the Music industry, a record producer or music producer has many roles among them controlling the recording sessions coaching and guiding the musicians organizing Aim (born Andrew Turner is a British musician DJ and producer, who was born in Barrow-in-Furness, Cumbria. ^[119]

Expressive arts

The Duddon Valley, just outside of Barrow

Several people of note in the world of Art and Literature have come from Barrow. The Duddon Valley is a valley in the Lake District National Park in Cumbria, England. Artist Keith Tyson, who won the Turner Prize in 2002, was born in nearby Ulverston and attended the Barrow-in-Furness College of Engineering as well as working at then VSEL shipyard. Keith Tyson (b August 23, 1969) is a British Turner Prize -winning artist The Turner Prize, named after the painter JMW Turner, is an annual prize presented to a British visual Artist under 50 Ulverston is a Market town in the South Lakeland district of Cumbria in north-west England. Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering Ltd (VSEL was a shipbuilding company based at Barrow-in-Furness, Cumbria in northwest England that built ^[120] Constance Spry, the author and florist who revolutionised interior design in the U.K in the 1930's and 40's, moved to the town with her son Anthony during World War I to work as welfare supervisor. Constance Spry ( December 5 1886 - January 3 1960) was a famous British Florist and Author in the mid-20th century The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All ^[121] Peter Purves, later a Blue Peter presenter, began his acting career with 2 years as a member of the Renaissance Theatre Company at the town's Her Majesty's Theatre. Peter Purves (born February 10, 1939) is an English Actor and Television presenter. Blue Peter is a BBC Television programme for children It is shown on CBBC, both in its BBC One programming block and on the ^[122] The Canteen Media & Arts Centre - known simply as "The Canteen" - and Forum Twenty Eight are the main venues for theatre.

Literature

In fictional works, Barrow and Vickerstown on Walney Island featured in children's show The Railway Series, which developed into Thomas the Tank Engine, as the point where the fictional Island of Sodor connected to mainland Britain and the national rail network. Vickerstown is an area located on the Isle of Walney, near to the mainland town of Barrow-in-Furness, England. Walney Island, also known as the Isle of Walney, is the eighth largest marine Island in England. We know how exciting this is but WPTHOMAS/FAQ explains WikiProject Thomas' Thomas the Tank Engine is a Fictional Anthropomorphic Tank locomotive created by the Rev Sodor is a fictional island in the Irish Sea used as the setting for The Railway Series books by the Rev ^[123]

The great Portuguese poet Fernando Pessoa dedicated a poem to Barrow-in-Furness. Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Fernando António Nogueira Pessoa (fɨɾˈnɐ̃du pɨˈsoɐ (b His "heteronym" Álvaro de Campos lived in Barrow when he was studying ship engineering. Álvaro de Campos was one of Fernando Pessoa 's various heteronyms widely known by his powerful and wraithful writing style The poem, divided in to five other poems, is called "Barrow-On-Furness". Near the river, Alvaro de Campos dreams of Lisbon and Tejo river: [. . . ]Sonho, histérico oculto, um vão recanto. . . /O rio Furness, que é o que aqui banha,/Só ironicamente me acompanha,/Que estou parado e ele correndo tanto. . .

Architecture

Barrow is one of Britain's few planned towns and has many fine buildings to show for it. A new town, planned community or planned city is a City, Town, or Community that was carefully planned from its inception and is typically ^[124] There are many old and distinctive buildings in the town centre, mostly from the Victorian era, such as the Town hall, Old Fire station, The 'Nan Tait' Centre, Salvation Army Building and Public Library. A city hall or town hall is the chief administrative building of a City or Town 's administration and usually houses the city or A fire station (also called stationhouse) is a structure or other area set aside for storage of firefighting apparatus (i The Salvation Army is a Christian charity and church that is internally organised like a military service. A library is a collection of information sources resources and services and the structure in which it is housed it is organized for use and maintained by a public body an institution There is also an increasing number of modern office buildings as well as the shipyard's cranes and construction halls which dominate much of Barrow's skyline. An office is generally a room or other area in which people work, but may also denote a position within an Organization with specific duties attached Shipyards and dockyards are places which repair and build ships These can be Yachts military In the fields of Architecture and Civil engineering, construction is a process that consists of the Building or assembling of Infrastructure Barrow has 8 Grade I listed buildings, 15 Grade II* and 249 Grade II buildings. A listed building in the United Kingdom is a building or other structure officially designated as being of special architectural historical or cultural significance A listed building in the United Kingdom is a building or other structure officially designated as being of special architectural historical or cultural significance A listed building in the United Kingdom is a building or other structure officially designated as being of special architectural historical or cultural significance ^[125]

Education

Education in the state sector is provided by the local education authority, Cumbria County Council. A nursery school is a school for children between the ages of three and five staffed by qualified teachers and other professionals who encourage and supervise educational play rather than An Infant school is a type of School which caters for young children usually between the ages of 4 and 7 years A junior school is a type of School which caters for children often between the ages of 4 and 11 See also Primary education A primary school (from French école primaire) is an institution where children receive the first stage of Compulsory High school is the name used in some parts of the world (in particular Scotland, North America and Australia) to describe an institution For the film of this title see Private School (film. Private schools, or Independent schools are Schools not administered College ( Latin collegium) is a term most often used today to denote an Educational Institution. A university is an institution of Higher education and Research, which grants Academic degrees in a variety of subjects The University of Cumbria is a British University established on 1 August 2007, with roots extending back to the Society for the Encouragement Boundaries and divisions Cumbria is neighboured by Northumberland, County Durham, North Yorkshire, Lancashire, and the Lieutenancy There are fifteen primary schools, five infant schools, five junior schools and many nurseries. The are five secondary schools, they are Parkview School, St. Bernard's Catholic High School, Walney School, Thorncliffe School and Alfred Barrow School. Secondary school is a term used to describe an educational Institution where the final stage of compulsory schooling known as Secondary education, takes Parkview Community College of Technology is the largest Secondary school in the town of Barrow-in-Furness, Cumbria, England, accounting St Bernard's is a Catholic High School in Furness, and is situated on Rating Lane in Barrow-in-Furness, Cumbria, England. Walney School is a Secondary school on Walney Island in Barrow-in-Furness, Cumbria. Results GCSE Uniforms The Alfred Barrow School (often called Alf's) is a Secondary school in Barrow-in-Furness, Cumbria. In the further education sector there are two colleges. ^[126] Barrow-in-Furness Sixth Form College concentrates on teaching A-level subjects,^[127] while Furness College specialises in vocational courses. Barrow-in-Furness Sixth Form College is located in the outskirts of Barrow-in-Furness Barrow Sixth Form College is one of the few purpose-built sixth form colleges The A-level, short for Advanced Level, is a General Certificate of Education qualification in England, Northern Ireland and Wales, Furness College is a College of Further education in Barrow-in-Furness, Cumbria. ^[128] In addition to publicly funded education, the town has one private school, Chetwynde, which has fee-paying pupils from nursery to sixth form level. Introduction Chetwynde School is a highly selective dependent Public school, which takes girls from ages 47 to 58 The sixth form, in the English, Welsh and Northern Irish education systems Commonwealth West Indian countries such as Barbados, Belize ^[129]

The town's main library is the Central Library in Ramsden Square, situated near the town centre. ^[130] The library was established in 1882 in a room near the Town Hall, and moved to its current premises in 1922. A branch of the County Archive Service, opened in 1979 and containing many of the town's archives, is located within adjoining premises,^[131] whilst until 1991 the library also housed the Furness Museum, a forerunner of the Dock Museum. The Dock Museum is situated in the British town of Barrow-in-Furness ( Cumbria) ^[132] Smaller branch libraries are currently provided at Walney, Roose, Ormsgill, and Barrow Island. Walney Island, also known as the Isle of Walney, is the eighth largest marine Island in England. Roosecote or Roose is a suburb of Barrow-in-Furness in Cumbria. ^[130]

See also

• BAE Systems Submarines
• Barrow-in-Furness (borough)
• List of famous residents of Barrow-in-Furness
• List of ships and submarines built in Barrow-in-Furness

References