Citizendia

  ?Bardhaman
West Bengal • India
Map indicating the location of Bardhaman
Thumbnail map of India with West Bengal highlighted
Location of Bardhaman
Coordinates: 23°14′18″N 87°51′39″E / 23.23833, 87.86083
Time zone IST (UTC+5:30)
Area
• Elevation		 56 km² (22 sq mi)
• 30 m (98 ft)
District(s) Bardhaman District
Population
• Density		 331,759 (2001)
• 5,924 /km² (15,343 /sq mi)
Municipality Chairman Abhijit Karmakar
Codes
• Pincode
• Telephone
• Vehicle
• 7131xx
• +91-0342
• WB42
Website: bardhaman.gov.in/

Coordinates: 23°14′18″N 87°51′39″E / 23.23833, 87.86083 Bardhaman (also Barddhaman; Bengali: বর্ধমান Bôrdhoman), is a city of West Bengal state in eastern India. West Bengal ( Bengali: পশ্চিমবঙ্গ Poshchim Bônggo poʃtʃim bɔŋgo is a state in eastern India. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Indian Standard Time ( IST) is the time observed throughout India and Sri Lanka, with a Time offset of UTC+530. UTC+530 is the Timezone for Indian Standard Time Sri Lanka Time The geography of India is diverse with landscape ranging from snow-capped mountain ranges to deserts plains rainforests hills and plateaus The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. To help compare Orders of magnitude of different geographical regions we list here areas between 1000 km2 and 10000 km2 A district is an administrative division of an Indian state or territory. Bardhaman ( Bengali: বর্ধমান bôrdhoman) is a district in West Bengal. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. A Postal Index Number or PIN or Pincode is the post office numbering or Post code system used by India Post the Indian Postal For the past decade or so telecommunication activities have gained momentum in India KA-19-P-8488jpg|thumb|270px|Close up of a licence plate used in Mangalore, Karnataka. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. West Bengal ( Bengali: পশ্চিমবঙ্গ Poshchim Bônggo poʃtʃim bɔŋgo is a state in eastern India. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country It is the headquarters of Bardhaman District. Bardhaman ( Bengali: বর্ধমান bôrdhoman) is a district in West Bengal.

Bardhaman has been a district capital since the time of Mughals. Later on it became a district headquarters of British India. For usage see British rule in India British Raj ( rāj, lit "reign" in Hindustani) primarily refers to the British Burdwan is an alternative name for the city, which remains in use from the British period.

Contents

Geography

Barddhaman is located at 23.25° N 87.85° E[1]. It has an average elevation of 40 metres (131 feet). The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit The city is situated a little less than 100 km north-west of Kolkata on the Grand Trunk Road (NH-2) and Eastern Railway. The Grand Trunk Road (commonly abbreviated to GT Road is one of South Asia 's oldest and longest major roads The chief rivers are the Damodar and Banka nala. Damodar River (দামোদর নদ originates near Chandwa village Palamau district on the Chota Nagpur Plateau in the Jharkhand state in

Demographics

As of 2001 India census[2], Bardhaman had a population of 285,871. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. A census is the procedure of acquiring information about every member of a given population Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Bardhaman has an average literacy rate of 77%, higher than the national average of 59. 5%; with 55% of the males and 45% of females literate. 9% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Name

The first epigraphic reference to the name of this place occurs in a 6th century AD copper-plate found in Mallasarul village under Galsi Police Station.

Archeological evidences suggest that this region, forming a major part of Radh Bengal, could be traced even back to 4000-2000 BCE.

Culture

Burdwan has a multi-cultural heritage. The deuls (temples of rekha type) found here are reminiscent of Buddhist architecture. Buddhist religious architecture developed in the South Asia in the third century BC The various mosques and tombs remind us of Muslim culture. A "mosque" in English refers to all types of buildings dedicated for Islamic worship although there is a distinction in Arabic between the smaller privately owned mosque and the larger A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion The old temples bear signs of Hinduism, mostly belonging to the Sakta and Vaishnava community. Hinduism is a religious tradition that originated in the Indian subcontinent. Shakti, meaning sacred force, power, or energy, is the Hindu concept or personification of the divine feminine aspect sometimes referred Vaishnavism is a tradition of Hinduism, distinguished from other schools by its worship of Vishnu or its associated avatars principally as Rama and

The famous Sufi Pir Baharam's tomb is here. The controversy on Kankaleswari Kali of whether it originally belonged to the Jains or Tantriks indicates again the town's multifaceted heritage. In Tantra, a tantrik is a man who is usually associated with Black magic and practices of the occult

Burdwan witnessed, experienced and survived numerous violent conflicts, mainly due to Mughal, Pashtun and Maratha invaders. Pashtuns ( Pashto: پښتون Paṣtūn, Paxtūn, also rendered as Pushtuns, Pakhtuns, Pukhtuns) also called The Marāthās ( Marathi: mr मराठा also Mahrattas) form an Indo Aryan group of Hindu Warriors hailing mostly from the present-day The town of Bardhaman was visited by notables of the Delhi Sultanate from Raja Todarmal to Daud Karnani, from Sher Afgan and Kutub-ud-din to Ajimuswan to the future Mughal emperor Shah Jahan while he was still a rebel. The Delhi Sultanate ( Urdu: دلی سلطنت, दिल्ली सलतनत or Sultanat e Hind ( سلطنتِ هند; सलतनत ए Shihab-ud-din Muhammad Shah Jahan I (full title Al-Sultan al-'Azam wal Khaqan al-Mukarram Abu'l-Muzaffar Shihab ud-din Muhammad Sahib-i-Qiran-i-Sani Shah Jahan I Padshah Ghazi

The celebrated tombs of Sher Afgan and Kutub-ud-din lying side by side in this township relate to the celebrated love-story of Mihr-ul-Nissa and the Mughal emperor Jahangir. Nuruddin Salim Jahangir (full title Al-Sultan al-'Azam wal Khaqan al-Mukarram Khushru-i-Giti Panah Abu'l-Fath Nur ud-din Muhammad Jahangir Padshah Ghazi ''( September 20 Sher Afgan, the first husband of Mihr-ul-Nissa, perished in the wake of the love triangle. She later ruled India as Jahangir's wife, but with a new name Noor Jahan (Light of the World) commensurate with her beauty and culture. Begam Nur Jahan ( Persian / Urdu: نور جهان) (alternative spelling Noor Jahan, Nur Jehan, Nor Jahan, etc

History

During period of Jahangir this place was named Badh-e-dewan (district headquarters). The town owes its historical importance to being the headquarters of the Maharajas of Burdwan, the premier noblemen of lower Bengal, whose rent-roll was upwards of 300,000. Bardhaman Raj was founded in 1657 by Sangam Rai, of the Kapoor Khatri family of Kotli in Lahore, Punjab, whose descendants served in turn the Mughal Emperors and the British government. Bardhaman Raj (also known as Burdwan Raj flourished from 1657 to 1955 – for almost 300 years first under the Mughals and then under the British ( lahor is the capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab and is the second largest city in Pakistan after Karachi. Punjab ( ਪੰਜਾਬ پنجاب, पंजाब پنجاب also Panjab (پنجاب meaning "Land of the Five Rivers") (c The Mughal Empire was the dominant power in the Indian subcontinent between the mid-16th century and the end of the 17th century Her Majesty's Government, or when the monarch is male His Majesty's Government, is the title used by the Government of the United Kingdom, based at The great prosperity of the raj was due to the excellent management of Maharaja Mahtab Chand (d. 1879), whose loyalty to the government especially during the “Hul” (Santhal rebellion) of 1855-56 and the Indian rebellion of 1857 was rewarded with the grant of a coat of arms in 1868 and the right to a personal salute of 13 guns in 1877. The Santhal rebellion (sometimes referred to as the Sonthal rebellion) was a native rebellion in what is now Jharkhand, in eastern India against both the The Indian Rebellion of 1857 began as a mutiny of Sepoys of British East India Company 's army on the 10th of May 1857 in the town of Meerut, Maharaja Bijai Chand Mahtab (b. 1881), who succeeded his adoptive father in 1888, earned great distinction by the courage with which he risked his life to save that of Sir Andrew Fraser, the lieutenant-governor of Bengal, on the occasion of the attempt to assassinate him made by Bengali malcontents on 7 November 1908.

Mahtab Chand Bahadur and later Bijoy Chand Mahtab struggled their best to make this region culturally, economically and ecologically healthier. Bardhaman Raj (also known as Burdwan Raj flourished from 1657 to 1955 – for almost 300 years first under the Mughals and then under the British Bardhaman Raj (also known as Burdwan Raj flourished from 1657 to 1955 – for almost 300 years first under the Mughals and then under the British The chief educational institution was the Burdwan Raj college, which was entirely supported out of the maharaja's estate. Sadhak Kamalakanta as composer of devotional songs and Kashiram Das as a poet and translator of the great Mahabharata were possibly the best products of such an endeavour. Sadhaka Kamalakanta (c 1769 - 1821 was a Poet of India of the late 18th century The society at large also continued to gain the fruits. We find, among others, the great rebellious poet Kazi Nazrul Islam and Kala-azar-famed U. For the Bangladeshi politician see Syed Nazrul Islam Kazi Nazrul Islam (কাজী নজরুল ইসলাম Kazi Nozrul Islam N. Brahmachari as the relatively recent illustrious sons of this soil. The town became an important center of North-Indian classical music as well. The origins of Indian classical music can be found from the oldest of Scriptures part of the Hindu tradition the Vedas.

Places of interest

Food

The New Burdwan

Burdwan town, the heart of the district is also growing now. With an increasing number of people opting for better residential spaces and higher living standards. The Govt. of West Bengal is trying to bring in many new projects to facilitate the growth of Burdwan Township. Two large developments on a Public Private Partnership are coming up on the NH 2 connecting Kolkata and Delhi, on which Burdwan town lies. One of these is a Bus Terminus, with retail and other hospitality services. The other is a Mini Township at Goda, Burdwan. Also on the highway, this 250+ Acre mini township is being Developed by Bengal Shrachi Housing Dev. Ltd. It will revolutionise the way people see residential units in Burdwan. The Burdwan Development Authority is also playing a big role in these PPP projects.

In brief, the future for Burdwan looks extremely bright in terms of contemporary development.

Education

University

Schools

Colleges

Politics

Bardhaman has two state assembly seats – Bardhaman North and Bardhaman South.

Pradip Tah of CPI (M) won the Bardhaman North seat defeating his nearest rival Deb Narayan Guha of AITC in the 2006 assembly elections. In 2001 and 1996, Nisith Adhikary of CPI (M) defeated Lakshmi Nayatan Nayek and Raimoni Das (both of INC) in the respective years. In 1991 and 1987, Benoy Krishna Chowdhury of CPI (M) defeated Sadhan Ghosh and Santosh Saha Sikdar (both of INC) in the respective years. In 1987, Goswami Ramnarayan of CPI (M) defeated Lakshmi Narayan Rej of ICS. In 1977, Dwarka Nath Tah of CPI (M) won the seat defeating Sudhir Chandra Dawn of INC. [3] Kashinath Ta of INC won the seat in 1972. [4]. Debabrata Dutta of CPI (M) won the seat in 1971 and 1969. [5] [6] Sahedullah of CPI (M) won the seat in 1967. [7] Prior to that thee was a single Bardhaman seat.

Nirupam Sen of CPI (M) won the Bradhaman South assembly seat in 2006 and 2001 state assembly elections defeating his nearest rivals Samir Kumar Roy and Paresh Chandra Sarkar (both of AITC) in the respective years. In 1996 and 1991, Shyamaprosad Bose of CPI (M) defeated Sadhan Kumar Ghosh and Shyamadas Banerjee (Both of INC) in respective years. In 1987, Nirupam Sen of CPI (M) defeated Pradip Bhattacharya of INC. In 1982 and 1977, Benoy Krishna Chowdhury of CPI (M) defeated Shyamadas Banerjee and Pradip Bhattacharya (both of INC) in the respective years. [8] Pradip Bhattacharya of INC won the seat in 1972. [9]. Benoy Choudhuri of CPI (M) won the seat in 1971 and 1969. [10] [11] S. B. Chowdhury of INC won the seat in 1967. [12] Prior to that there was a single Bardhaman seat.

Radharani Mahtab of INC won the Bardhaman seat in 1962. [13] Benoy Choudhuri representing CPI won the seat in 1957 and 1952. [14] [15]

Nikhilananda Sar of CPI (M) won the Bardhaman (Lok Sabha constituency) in the 2004 general elections defeating his nearest rival Anindya Gopal Mitra of BJP. Burdwan (Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 543 parliamentary constituencies in India. [16]

References

  1. ^ Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Barddhaman
  2. ^ Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns. (Provisional). Census Commission of India. Retrieved on 2007-09-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 36 BC - In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompeius
  3. ^ Election Commission State assembly elections 1977 – 2006
  4. ^ Assembly elections 1972
  5. ^ Assembly elections 1971
  6. ^ Assembly elections 1969
  7. ^ Assembly elections 1967
  8. ^ Election Commission State assembly elections 1977 – 2006
  9. ^ Assembly elections 1972
  10. ^ Assembly elections 1971
  11. ^ Assembly elections 1969
  12. ^ Assembly elections 1967
  13. ^ Assembly elections 1962
  14. ^ Assembly elections 1957
  15. ^ Assembly elections 1951
  16. ^ Election Commission 2004 general election

See also

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