Citizendia

Oracle

Barbara as Oracle.
Promotional art for Birds of Prey #58 (2003). Birds of Prey is a Comic book published by DC Comics that features the adventures of the superhero Oracle and her group of superheroines.
Art by Ed Benes. José Edilbenes Bezerra (born in 1972 in Alto Santo Ceara Brazil) is a Brazilian comic book artist better known his his pen name of Ed Benes.
Publication information
PublisherDC Comics
First appearanceas Batgirl:
Detective Comics #359
(January 1967)
as Oracle:
Suicide Squad #23
(January 1989)
Created byGardner Fox
Carmine Infantino
In story information
Alter egoBarbara Gordon
Team affiliationsBirds of Prey
Batman Family
Seven Soldiers of Victory
Suicide Squad
Justice League
Notable aliasesBatgirl, Amy Beddoes
AbilitiesSkilled martial artist,
Genius-level intellect;

Barbara "Babs" Gordon is a fictional character appearing in comic books published by DC Comics and in related media, created by Gardner Fox and Carmine Infantino. DC Comics is an American comic book and related media company In Comic books and other stories with a long history first appearance refers to the first occurrence to feature a Fictional character. Detective Comics is an American comic book published monthly by DC Comics since 1937 best-known for introducing the iconic Superhero Batman The Suicide Squad is a name for two fictional organizations in DC Comics Universe. Gardner Francis Cooper Fox (Speed Saunders was initially credited to "E Carmine Infantino (born May 24, 1925) is an American Comic book Artist and editor who was a major force in the Silver Age Birds of Prey is a Comic book published by DC Comics that features the adventures of the superhero Oracle and her group of superheroines. The Seven Soldiers of Victory (also known as Law's Legionnaires) is a fictional team of Comic book Superheroes in the DC Comics universe The Suicide Squad is a name for two fictional organizations in DC Comics Universe. The Justice League sometimes called the Justice League of America or JLA for short is a Fictional DC Comics superhero team. Martial arts are systems of codified practices and traditions of training for Combat. A genius is a person of great Intelligence or remarkable abilities in a specific subject who shows an exceptional natural capacity of intellect and/or ability especially Eidetic memory, photographic memory, or total recall is the ability to recall Images Sounds, or objects in Memory A comic book (often shortened to simply comic and sometimes called a comic paper or comic magazine) is a Magazine or Book of narrative DC Comics is an American comic book and related media company Gardner Francis Cooper Fox (Speed Saunders was initially credited to "E Carmine Infantino (born May 24, 1925) is an American Comic book Artist and editor who was a major force in the Silver Age From 1966 to 1988, she was the superheroine Batgirl; since 1989 she has been known as Oracle. A superhero (sometimes rendered super-hero or super hero) is a Fictional character "of unprecedented physical prowess dedicated to acts of derring-do Batgirl is the name of several Fictional characters appearing in Comic books published by DC Comics, depicted as female counterparts to the Superhero Barbara Gordon made her first comic book appearance in a story published in Detective Comics #359 titled "The Million Dollar Debut of Batgirl" (1966, with a 1967 cover date). Detective Comics is an American comic book published monthly by DC Comics since 1937 best-known for introducing the iconic Superhero Batman

As Batgirl, Barbara Gordon has been described as one of the most popular characters to appear during the Silver Age of Comic Books[1] and is also regarded as a pop culture icon due to her appearances in the Batman television series of the late 1960s and continued media exposure. The Silver Age of Comic Books was a period of artistic advancement and commercial success in mainstream American comic books predominantly those featuring the Superhero Popular culture (or pop culture) is the Culture — patterns of human activity and the symbolic structures that give such activities significance and importance — Batman is a 1960s American Television series, based on the DC Comic book character of the same name. [2] The Barbara Gordon version of Batgirl has been adapted into all media relating to the Batman franchise, including merchandise, television, animation, and feature film. Batman (originally referred to as the Bat-Man and still referred to at times as the Batman) is a fictional Comic book Superhero co-created In Marketing, a product is anything that can be offered to a Market that might satisfy a want or need Television ( TV) is a widely used Telecommunication medium for sending ( Broadcasting) and receiving moving Images, either monochromatic The bouncing ball animation (below consists of these 6 frames In the Film industry, a feature film is a Film made for initial distribution in theaters and being the "main attraction" of the screening During the early 1970s, the character was also used as an advocate for women's rights. [3]

Following the editorial retirement of the character's Batgirl persona in 1988, Alan Moore's graphic novel Batman: The Killing Joke depicts the Joker shooting Gordon through the spinal cord in her civilian identity and leaving her a paraplegic. Alan Moore (born November 18 1953 in Northampton) is an English Writer most famous for his influential work in Comics, including the acclaimed Batman The Killing Joke is an influential one-shot Superhero Comic book written by Alan Moore and drawn by Brian Bolland The Joker is a fictional character appearing in Comic books published by DC Comics. The spinal cord is a long thin tubular bundle of Nerves that is an extension of the Central nervous system from the brain and is enclosed in and protected Paraplegia is an impairment in motor and/or sensory function of the lower extremities Although Gordon would no longer resume her role as Batgirl in subsequent stories, editor Kim Yale and writer John Ostrander soon established the character as an information broker code-named Oracle, providing intelligence and computer hacking services to assist other superheroes. Kim Yale ( November 22, 1953 - March 7, 1997) was an American writer and editor of Comic books for multiple comic book companies including John Ostrander (born April 20, 1949) is an American Writer of Comic books Originally an actor in a Chicago Theatre An information broker is a person or business that researches information for clients The character first appeared as Oracle as of Suicide Squad #23 (1989). The Suicide Squad is a name for two fictional organizations in DC Comics Universe.

The character's progression from Batgirl to Oracle became a point of controversy among critics and commentators. [4] Although some observers have argued for the character's mobility to be restored, others have come to identify her persona as Oracle to be a pioneer- serving as an icon for people living with disabilities. The character's modern incarnation as Oracle stars in the comic book series Birds of Prey as the leader of a team of predominately female crimefighters. Birds of Prey is a Comic book published by DC Comics that features the adventures of the superhero Oracle and her group of superheroines. The series depicts her as a great intellect uninhibited by her paralysis, skilled in the martial art of eskrima. Martial arts are systems of codified practices and traditions of training for Combat. " Eskrima " or " Escrima " refers to a class of Filipino Martial Arts that emphasize stick and sword fighting

Contents

Publication history

Batgirl (1966–1988)

The Million Dollar Debut of Batgirl. Cover by Carmine Infantino & Murphy Anderson.
The Million Dollar Debut of Batgirl. Cover by Carmine Infantino & Murphy Anderson. Carmine Infantino (born May 24, 1925) is an American Comic book Artist and editor who was a major force in the Silver Age Murphy Anderson (b 1926 in Asheville North Carolina) is an American Comic book Penciller and Inker who has worked for companies

Editor Julius Schwartz claimed that when planning the new Batgirl's comic book debut, he had considered the character to be a vehicle that might attract a female viewership to the Batman television series of the sixties. Julius "Julie" Schwartz ( June 19, 1915 – February 8, 2004) was a Jewish Comic book and Pulp magazine Batman is a 1960s American Television series, based on the DC Comic book character of the same name. [5] When producers William Dozier and Howie Horowitz saw rough concept artwork by artist Carmine Infantino during a visit to DC offices, they optioned the character in a bid to help sell a third season to the ABC television network. William Dozier (13 February 1908 &ndash 23 April 1991 was a Television producer and Actor, most famous as the producer and Narrator of the ''Batman'' Carmine Infantino (born May 24, 1925) is an American Comic book Artist and editor who was a major force in the Silver Age The American Broadcasting Company ( ABC) is an American Television network. [6] Actress Yvonne Craig portrayed the character in the show's third season. Yvonne Joyce Craig (born May 16, 1937 in Taylorville Illinois) is an American actress best known as Batgirl from [7] When interviewed on his involvement with creating Batgirl, Infantino states-

Batgirl came up in the mid-’60s. The “Batman” TV producer called Julie and said Catwoman was a hit, could we come up with more female characters? Julie called me and asked me to do that. I came up with Batgirl, Poison Ivy and one I called the Grey Fox, which Julie didn’t like as much. Bob Kane had had a Bat-Girl for about three stories in the ’50s but she had nothing to do with a bat. She was like a pesky girl version of Robin. I knew we could do a lot better, so Julie and I came up with the real Batgirl, who was so popular she almost got her own TV show. [8]

Barbara Gordon and alter ego Batgirl debuted in Detective Comics #359 (cover-dated 1967, although the comic was actually released in late 1966)[9] as the daughter of Gotham City's Police Commissioner James Gordon. Gotham City is a Fictional City appearing in DC Comics, and is best known as the home of Batman. James Worthington "Jim" Gordon is a Fictional character who appears in Comic books published by DC Comics. Barbara Gordon’s Batgirl had been preceded by an earlier Bat-Girl character, which was depicted as niece and sidekick to Batwoman. Batwoman (originally referred to as The Bat-Woman) is a fictional character and female counterpart to the superhero Batman, created by Bob Kane and Gordon exceeded these earlier figures in popularity, and readers requested for her to appear in other titles. In an open letter to readership in Detective Comics #417 (1971),[10] DC responded to the fan-based acclaim and criticism of the new character:

I'd like to say a few words about the reaction some readers have to Batgirl. These are readers who remember Batwoman and the other Bat-girls from year's back. . . They were there because romance seemed to be needed in Batman's life. But thanks to the big change and a foresighted editor, these hapless females are gone for good. In their place stands a girl who is a capable crime-fighter, a far cry from Batwoman who constantly had to be rescued from Batman. [11]

Yvonne Craig reading Detective Comics #359.
Yvonne Craig reading Detective Comics #359. Yvonne Joyce Craig (born May 16, 1937 in Taylorville Illinois) is an American actress best known as Batgirl from

Following the comic book debut of Barbara Gordon, Craig also promoted the comic book incarnation of her character. The actress was featured in photo shoots reading her “favorite comic of all time,” "The Million Dollar Debut of Batgirl. "[12] While actress Yvonne Craig as Batgirl appeared every week in the new season of Batman, DC Comics featured Batgirl on several covers of Detective Comics, often overshadowing Batman and Robin in order to promote the new heroine. On the cover of Detective Comics #369, Batgirl argues with Batman over whose sidekick Robin should be. [13][14][15]

Batgirl became a lighthearted departure from the tortured characters of Batman and Robin, each depicted as fighting crime to avenge the death of their parents. Gordon's motivation for crime fighting was written as being completely altruistic and, unlike Batwoman and Bat-Girl, independent of a male superhero. Altruism is selfless concern for the welfare of others It is a traditional Virtue in many cultures and central to many religious traditions In her civilian identity, Dr. Barbara Gordon Ph.D. is not only depicted as an independent woman with a doctorate in library science, she is head of Gotham City public library; "presumably one of the largest public libraries in the DC Comics version of reality. "PhD" redirects here for other uses see PhD (disambiguation. A doctorate is an Academic degree that indicates the highest level of academic achievement Library science is an Interdisciplinary Science incorporating the Humanities, Law and Applied science to study topics related to Gotham City is a Fictional City appearing in DC Comics, and is best known as the home of Batman. "[1] The character's civilian career as a library professional, coupled with her alter-ego as a crimefighter is considered to be symbolic of the women's empowerment movement of the 1960s. [16]

Batgirl continued to appear in DC Comics publications throughout the late sixties and seventies as a supporting character in Detective Comics, in addition to guest appearances in various titles such as Justice League of America,[17] World's Finest Comics,[18] The Brave and the Bold,[19] Action Comics[20] and Superman. The Justice League sometimes called the Justice League of America or JLA for short is a Fictional DC Comics superhero team. World's Finest Comics was a Comic book series published by DC Comics from 1941 to 1986 For the Tortoise and Bonnie 'Prince' Billy album see The Brave and the Bold (album. Action Comics is an American Comic book series which introduced Superman, the first major Superhero character as the term Superman (sometimes called Superman (volume 1 and for a time published as Adventures of Superman) is a comic book published by DC Comics [21] The character was also given a starring role in DC's Batman Family comic book which debuted in 1975. [22] The original Robin Dick Grayson became her partner in the series and the two were frequently referred to as the "Dynamic Duo: Batgirl & Robin. Richard John "Dick" Grayson is a fictional Superhero that appears in Comic books published by DC Comics. " Although this series ended after three years of publication,[23] Batgirl continued to appear in back up stories published in Detective Comics until DC officially retired the heroine in the one-shot comic Batgirl Special #1 (1988). [24] Although permanently retired, Barbara Gordon's incarnation as Batgirl remains one of the most popular and high profile characters of the Silver Age of Comic Books. The Silver Age of Comic Books was a period of artistic advancement and commercial success in mainstream American comic books predominantly those featuring the Superhero [1]

Batman: The Killing Joke (1988)

Main article: Batman: The Killing Joke
The Joker critically injures Barbara Gordon in Batman: The Killing Joke.
The Joker critically injures Barbara Gordon in Batman: The Killing Joke. Batman The Killing Joke is an influential one-shot Superhero Comic book written by Alan Moore and drawn by Brian Bolland The Joker is a fictional character appearing in Comic books published by DC Comics.

During the early eighties, Batman editors sporadically put Batgirl into retirement; the character resumed her role for special cases. In 1988, Alan Moore discussed writing The Killing Joke with editor Len Wein, and the two agreed that Barbara Gordon, currently in retirement, was disposable enough for the character’s career to come to a permanent end. Alan Moore (born November 18 1953 in Northampton) is an English Writer most famous for his influential work in Comics, including the acclaimed Len Wein (born June 12, 1948) is an American Comic book Writer and editor best known for co-creating DC Comics

Within the graphic novel, the Joker shoots and paralyzes Gordon, in a deliberate attempt to drive her father Commissioner Gordon insane. The Joker is a fictional character appearing in Comic books published by DC Comics. Batman captures the Joker, but Gordon becomes permanently confined to a wheelchair. A wheelchair is a wheeled Mobility device in which the user sits Although events in The Killing Joke exert a great impact on the character, the story has little to do with Gordon. [25] She is deployed as a plot device to cement the Joker’s vendetta against Commissioner Gordon and Batman. A plot device is an element introduced into a story solely to advance or resolve the plot of the story Critical reception of The Killing Joke has been mixed — while some commentators have been appalled by the treatment of Barbara Gordon, others have regarded The Killing Joke as one of the greatest Batman stories of all time. [26]

Despite Moore's writing, Valerie D'Orazio, a former editor at Acclaim Comics and DC Comics has denounced the book, citing "It doesn't take the perspective of a woman into account. Valerie D'Orazio (born 1974 is a former assistant editor of Acclaim and DC Comics. Valiant Comics was an American Comic book Publishing company founded by former Marvel Comics editor-in-chief Jim Shooter, writer/artists It doesn't take into account that some women might be so very disgusted with the book [and] what happens to Barbara Gordon in it. "[27] In response, Laura Hudson, Senior editor of Comic Foundry Magazine comments, "You’re supposed to be disgusted with what happens to Barbara Gordon. . . because it’s disgusting. . . As a woman and as an adult, I can deal with fictional characters performing reprehensible acts towards women. . . When they’re used not gratuitously but for a purpose, as I believe they were in The Killing Joke, that's exactly what they're supposed to do. "[28] Following the release of the graphic novel, comic book editor and writer Kim Yale discussed how distasteful she found the treatment of Barbara Gordon with her husband, fellow comic writer John Ostrander. Kim Yale ( November 22, 1953 - March 7, 1997) was an American writer and editor of Comic books for multiple comic book companies including John Ostrander (born April 20, 1949) is an American Writer of Comic books Originally an actor in a Chicago Theatre Rather than allow the character to fall into obscurity, the two decided to revive her as a character living with a disability. [29]

Oracle (1988–present)

Both Yale and Ostrander would oversee the development of Barbara Gordon's new persona as Oracle for the next several years. [29] The character made her first comic book appearance as Oracle in Suicide Squad #23, anonymously offering her services to the government's Task Force X. The Suicide Squad is a name for two fictional organizations in DC Comics Universe. [30] In the following two years, Oracle, under pen of Ostander and Yale, made guest appearances in various DC titles until her identity was revealed to be Barbara Gordon in Suicide Squad #38 (1990) and she officially becomes a member of the Squad in issue #48 following an invitation from fictional government agent Amanda Waller. Dr Amanda Blake Waller is a Fictional character published by DC Comics. In 1992, Dennis O’Neil gave Barbara Gordon’s Oracle a starring role in Batman: Sword of Azrael #1, where she became Batman’s sole source of information. Azrael ( Jean-Paul Valley) is a Fictional character in the DC Comics universe. This newly forged partnership established Oracle’s status as Batman's intellectual equal. [31]

The success of Chuck Dixon’s Black Canary/Oracle: Birds of Prey (1996)[32] lead to the comic series Birds of Prey starring the two title characters. Charles "Chuck" Dixon (b 1954 is an American Comic book Writer, perhaps best-known for long runs on Batman titles in the Birds of Prey is a Comic book published by DC Comics that features the adventures of the superhero Oracle and her group of superheroines. Kim Yale and John Ostrander tell the origin of Oracle in "Oracle: Year One," a story arc contained in Batman Chronicles #5. Since the launch of Birds of Prey, the Oracle character has become a high-profile figure in the DC Comics universe - moving beyond her ties to the Batman Family and forging alliances with groups such as Justice League of America. Gail Simone took over as writer of Birds of Prey with issue #56, taking the series in a "Bold New Direction!" In an interview with Columnist Jennifer Contino, Simone explains her fondness of Barbara Gordon:

Kim Yale and John Ostrander picked up the character and made her into a brilliant master computer operator and one of the most fascinating characters in comics. Gail Simone is an American writer of Comic books Best known for penning DC's Birds of Prey, she is the writer of Welcome From there, Chuck Dixon did wonderful things with her in his Birds of Prey run. . . She’s fantastic because even just sitting in a chair in a dark room by herself, she’s tremendously compelling. The DCU without her would be a much less interesting place. [33]

Throughout the course of the character's history, Barbara Gordon's intelligence has been one of the character's defining attributes. According to BusinessWeek, Oracle is listed as one of the top ten most intelligent fictional superheroes appearing in American comics and is the only female character to appear on the list. BusinessWeek is a business Magazine published by McGraw-Hill. [34]

Critical and editorial commentary

Despite the establishment of Gordon's persona as Oracle, some observers have argued for the character's mobility to be restored. [35] Reacting to Batman: The Killing Joke and Barbara Gordon's later character development as Oracle in Batman: Gotham Knights, Ray Tate, a reviewer at Comics Bulletin, writes,

Let's get this out of the way first. There is absolutely no reason why Barbara Gordon should be in a wheelchair. Alan Moore and Brian Bolland meant The Killing Joke as an imaginary tale dealing with the iconography of Batman and the Joker. . . [Batman] himself is a certifiable genius in biochemistry. There are countless examples of Batman employing that which is only theoretical in his fight against crime. His knowledge of stem cell technology should surpass that of the real world. There is simply no reason for Barbara Gordon to be confined to that wheelchair. [36]

Regarding Gordon's representation as a character living with a disability, and her effectiveness as a hero compared to her incarnation as Batgirl, Tate comments,

It's ridiculous to think somebody wakes up thinking how lucky they are to be confined to a wheelchair, and yet the attitude around DC and among the fans is that Oracle is the better character over Batgirl because of her handicap. Rubbish. Batgirl has fought more crime and done more to aid Batman as Batgirl than she has as Oracle. Batgirl has saved Batman's life on numerous occasions. Oracle has not. Barbara in this incarnation is not a bad character, but she is not better because she no longer hunts the night in cape and cowl. [36]

Alex Ross and Paul Dini have made attempts to return the character to her original conception. Nelson Alexander "Alex" Ross (born January 22, 1970) is an American Comic book painter, Illustrator and Paul Dini (born August 7, 1957) is an American Television producer of Animated cartoons. Ross explains in an interview:

Paul Dini had this idea of putting Barbara Gordon in the Lazarus Pit to revive her. . . I thought it was a great idea, and we pitched then-Batman editor Denny O'Neil with these drawings of that costume design. The idea of using the red instead of the traditional yellow was meant to invoke the idea that coming from the Lazarus Pit, she was in a way, more compromised as a character. . . And. . . that went nowhere. Denny shot it down, because, according to him, everybody loves Barbara Gordon as Oracle and as a handicapped character. The theory was that DC didn't have enough handicapped characters, so they weren't going to do anything with Barbara as she was. And the design went into the drawer. "[37]

Kate Kane, the modern Batwoman introduced during 52,[38] wears a variant of Gordon's Batgirl costume designed by Ross. [37] Some argue that the Barbara Gordon character provides a greater service to DC Comics and its readers in her current status, regardless of the events which preceded Oracle's creation. DC Senior Vice President Dan DiDio comments, "Some stories. Dan DiDio (born October 24, 1959) is an American Comic book editor and executive . . are so strong that undoing them would be a crime. The DCU would be a lesser place without Barry's sacrifice, or the crippling of Barbara at the hands of the Joker. "[39] Although critical reception of Barbara Gordon's evolution into Oracle have been mixed among critics and other observers, according to John Ostrander- "We have, over the years, on those occasions when I have worked with the character, gotten some letters from those who have disabilities of one stripe or another and all have been very supportive. I feel very proud for my part in creating Oracle. "[40] Ostrander has also spoken about the value of Oracle to both DC Comics and its fan base:

What makes the runaway success of the Oracle character more remarkable is that it began during an era where bleak heroes with big guns were ruling the day. Without much fanfare, Barbara Gordon has become the most popular handicapped character since Charles Xavier. Charles Francis Xavier, also known as Professor X, is a Fictional character, a Marvel Comics Superhero known as the leader and founder of In fact, Oracle's nature as a handicapped superhero and a role model is almost never mentioned by the company or fans. . . There WAS some idea of her being a role model, I think. . . We wanted her to cope with what had happened to her and becoming, in many ways, more effective as Oracle than she ever was as Batgirl. And we knew that others with disabilities might look at her and feel good reading about her. . . I don't think people 'dance around' her disabilities as they don't want to focus on them but on her character. These shouldn't be stories about a disabled person; they are stories about a compelling fascinating character who HAPPENS to be in a wheelchair and I think that's correct. Barbara isn't her handicap; there's more to her than that. [40]

Fictional character biography

Silver Age

Barbara Gordon's classic Batgirl design drawn by Kevin Nowlan.
Barbara Gordon's classic Batgirl design drawn by Kevin Nowlan. Kevin Nowlan (born 1958 is an American Comic-book artist Self-taught Nowlan first came to the industry's attention in the early 1980s via illustrations

In her original adventures during the Silver Age of Comics, Batgirl is depicted as a librarian by day, and a spirited crimefighter by night. In her debut story, while driving to a costume ball dressed as a female version of Batman, Barbara Gordon intervenes in a kidnapping attempt on Bruce Wayne by the villainous Killer Moth, attracting the Dark Knight's attention and leading to a crime-fighting career. Killer Moth is a fictional character in the DC Comics universe. After a handful of guest appearances in Batman stories, she was given her own back-up strip in Detective Comics. Batman is an ongoing Comic book series featuring the DC Comics Hero of the same name. The character was fleshed out considerably, with the shy, mousy, bookworm version of Barbara Gordon giving way to a more modern, confident character. Devoid of her plain-Jane glasses and hair bun, Barbara dates a succession of boyfriends, including Vietnam-veteran-turned-private-investigator Jason Bard. The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War, or the Vietnam Conflict, occurred in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia Jason Bard is a fictional character in the DC Universe. He first appeared in Detective Comics #392 which was published in 1969 In addition to her appearances in both Detective Comics and Batman, Batgirl made a guest appearance in World's Finest Comics #169 (1967)[41] where she met Superman, Supergirl, Bat-Mite, and Mxyzptlk for the first time. World's Finest Comics was a Comic book series published by DC Comics from 1941 to 1986 Superman is a fictional Comic book Superhero widely considered to be one of the most recognized of such characters and an American Cultural icon Supergirl is a fictional Comic book superheroine that is depicted as a female counterpart to the DC Comics iconic Superhero Superman Bat-Mite is a Character appearing in stories published by DC Comics. Mr Mxyzptlk ( pronounced mɪksˈjɛzpɪtˌlɪk or mɪksˈjɛzˌpɪtɫɪk) sometimes called Mxy, is a Fictional Supervillain who appears in She also fights alongside the Justice League of America against the villainous Queen Bee. The Justice League sometimes called the Justice League of America or JLA for short is a Fictional DC Comics superhero team. Queen Bee is the name of four different DC Comics Supervillains History Zazzala The leader of the hiveworld Korll Zazzala lives only [17] Supergirl and Batgirl encounter again in Adventure Comics #381 (1969)[20] when both heroines separately investigate a female criminal gang. Adventure Comics is a Comic book series published by DC Comics from 1935 to 1983

Her back-up stories appear sporadically in Detective Comics until the mid 1970s. Although she occasionally partners with Robin, she more frequently works with Jason Bard, a Vietnam War veteran with a chronic knee injury who becomes a private detective. Jason Bard is a fictional character in the DC Universe. He first appeared in Detective Comics #392 which was published in 1969 The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War, or the Vietnam Conflict, occurred in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia Bard is a romantic interest of Barbara's, as well. Batgirl reveals her secret identity to her father (who had already discovered it on his own), and serves as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives. A secret identity is an element of fiction wherein a character develops a separate Persona (usually adopting a Pseudonym) while keeping their true identity The United States House of Representatives is one of the two chambers of the United States Congress; the other is the Senate. She moves to Washington, D.C., intending to give up her career as Batgirl and in June 1972, appeared in a story entitled "Batgirl's Last Case. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D "[42] Editor Julius Schwartz brought her back a year later in Superman #268 (1973),[43] in which she has a blind date with Clark Kent, establishing their friendship, and fights alongside Superman. Julius "Julie" Schwartz ( June 19, 1915 – February 8, 2004) was a Jewish Comic book and Pulp magazine Superman (sometimes called Superman (volume 1 and for a time published as Adventures of Superman) is a comic book published by DC Comics Clark Joseph Kent (middle name is also Jerome according to some versions is a Fictional character created by Joe Shuster and Jerry Siegel. Superman is a fictional Comic book Superhero widely considered to be one of the most recognized of such characters and an American Cultural icon Batgirl and Superman team up twice more, in Superman #279 and DC Comics Presents #19. DC Comics Presents is a Comic book published by DC Comics from 1978 to 1986 (97 issues plus 4 annuals) featuring team-ups Batgirl also guest-starred in other Superman related titles such as #453 of Adventure Comics, and in Superman Family #171, where she teams with Supergirl. Superman Family was a DC Comics Comic book series which ran from 1974 to 1982 featuring primarily stories starring supporting

Bronze Age

In 1975, DC created the Batman Family comic book, which ran for 20 issues. Batgirl was one of the main features in the book, frequently teaming with Robin. Robin (also referred to as The Boy Wonder) is the name of several Fictional characters appearing in Comic books published by DC Comics, originally Batgirl meets Batwoman in Batman Family #10, when the retired superheroine returns to crime-fighting. The two fight Killer Moth and Cavalier, and learn about each other's secret identities. Killer Moth is a fictional character in the DC Comics universe. [44] When Batman Family ended at issue #20, stories featuring these characters were merged with Detective Comics, beginning with issue #481 in 1979, and Batgirl continued her adventures there. Even after the "Batman Family" feature left Detective Comics, Batgirl continued to appear in the back-up stories through issue #519 (October 1982).

Crisis on Infinite Earths,[45] a limited mini-series published in 1985, was written in order to reduce the complex history of DC Comics to a single continuity. Crisis on Infinite Earths is a twelve-issue American comic book Limited series (identified as a "12-part maxi-series" and crossover Although Batgirl is a featured character, her role is relatively small- she delivers Supergirl's eulogy at the conclusion of the story. [46] The conclusion of Crisis on Infinite Earths changed DC Universe continuity in many ways. The DC Universe ( DCU) is the fictional Shared universe where most of the comic stories published by DC Comics take place In Fiction, continuity (also called time-scheme) is consistency of the characteristics of persons plot, objects places and events seen by the reader or Following the reboot, Barbara Gordon is born to Roger and Thelma Gordon, and she is Jim Gordon's niece/adopted daughter in current canon. Reboot, in serial Fiction, means a discarding of much or even all previous continuity in the series to start anew

Post-Crisis, Supergirl does not arrive on Earth until Gordon has established herself as Oracle; many adventures she shared with Batgirl are now retroactively described as having been experienced by Power Girl. In Secret Origins #20: Batgirl and the Golden Age Dr. Secret Origins was an American Comic book series published by DC Comics. Mid-Nite (1987),[47] Barbara Gordon's origin is rebooted by author Barbara Randal. Within the storyline, Gordon recounts the series of events that lead to her career as Batgirl, including her first encounter with Batman as a child, studying martial arts under the tutelage of a sensei, memorizing maps and blue prints of the city, excelling in academics in order to skip grades and pushing herself to become a star athlete.

Modern Age: Exit Batgirl, enter Oracle

The Modern Age of Comic Books had significant changes to the comic book industry as characters became darker and psychologically complex, abandoning the light-hearted themes of earlier ages. The Modern Age of Comic Books is an informal name for the period in the history of mainstream American comic books generally considered to last from the mid-1980s until After her back-up series of stories ended, Barbara Gordon continued to be Batgirl, but increasingly felt inconsequential in a world filled with super-powered heroes. After capturing the Commorant in Batgirl Special #1 (1988),[24] Gordon retires her Batgirl persona. In Batman: The Killing Joke (1988), the Joker shoots Barbara, intending to drive her father James Gordon into madness. [48] The bullet severs her spine, permanently paralyzing her from the waist down. The spinal cord is a long thin tubular bundle of Nerves that is an extension of the Central nervous system from the brain and is enclosed in and protected Gordon is grief-stricken upon learning the extent of her injuries, as is her ally and off-on again lover Dick Grayson, the original Robin currently known as Nightwing. Richard John "Dick" Grayson is a fictional Superhero that appears in Comic books published by DC Comics.

Initially, Gordon's paralysis plunges her into a state of reactive depression. However, she soon realizes that her aptitude for and training in information sciences have provided her with tremendous skills that could be deployed to fight crime. In a world increasingly centered on technology and information, she possesses a genius-level intellect; photographic memory; deep knowledge of computers and electronics; expert skills as a hacker; and graduate training in library sciences. A genius is a person of great Intelligence or remarkable abilities in a specific subject who shows an exceptional natural capacity of intellect and/or ability especially Eidetic memory, photographic memory, or total recall is the ability to recall Images Sounds, or objects in Memory [47] One night, Gordon has a dream in which an all-knowing woman (similar to Oracle at Delphi of Greek mythology) has her own face, it's then that she adopts "Oracle" as her codename. PYTHIA is a computer simulation program for particle collisions at very high energies (see Event (particle physics) in Particle accelerators Greek mythology is the body of stories belonging to the ancient Greeks concerning their gods and Heroes the nature of the world and the origins and significance She serves as an information broker, gathering and disseminating intelligence to law enforcement organizations and members of the superhero community. Police are agents or agencies usually of the executive, empowered to enforce the law and to effect public and social order through the legitimatized use of force In "Oracle: Year One," Oracle also trains under the tutelage of Richard Dragon, one of DC's premier martial artists, to engage in combat (using eskrima) from her wheelchair. Richard Dragon is a fictional character created by Dennis O'Neil and Jim Berry in the novel Dragon's Fists (1974 Martial arts are systems of codified practices and traditions of training for Combat. " Eskrima " or " Escrima " refers to a class of Filipino Martial Arts that emphasize stick and sword fighting She develops her upper-body strength and targeting skills with both firearms and batarangs. A batarang is a roughly Bat -shaped throwing weapon used by the DC Comics Superhero Batman. [49] In her second appearance as a hacker in the DC Comics universe, Oracle is featured in the 12-issue mini-series The Hacker Files (1993). A fictional universe is a self-consistent fictional setting with unique background elements such as an imaginary history or geography and possibly fantasy or science The Hacker Files is a twelve issue DC Comics mini-series published from August 1992 to July 1993 [50]

In 2003, comic book authors Scott Beatty and Chuck Dixon revised Barbara Gordon’s origin with the mini-series Batgirl: Year One. Scott Beatty is an American author who has written comic books and encyclopaedias based on DC Comics characters Charles "Chuck" Dixon (b 1954 is an American Comic book Writer, perhaps best-known for long runs on Batman titles in the Batgirl Year One is a 9-issue mini-series published during 2003 Written by Scott Beatty and Chuck Dixon [51] Gordon is a highly gifted child having graduated from high school early, but initially desires to join law enforcement as opposed to vigilantism in the previous origin myths.

Birds of Prey

Main article: Birds of Prey (comic book)
Cover to Birds of Prey: Of Like Minds featuring Oracle, Black Canary, and The Huntress. Author Gail Simone and Artist Ed Benes.
Cover to Birds of Prey: Of Like Minds featuring Oracle, Black Canary, and The Huntress. Birds of Prey is a Comic book published by DC Comics that features the adventures of the superhero Oracle and her group of superheroines. Birds of Prey is a Comic book published by DC Comics that features the adventures of the superhero Oracle and her group of superheroines. The Huntress is Helena Rosa Bertinelli, a fictional character in the DC Universe and several versions of the character. Author Gail Simone and Artist Ed Benes. Gail Simone is an American writer of Comic books Best known for penning DC's Birds of Prey, she is the writer of Welcome José Edilbenes Bezerra (born in 1972 in Alto Santo Ceara Brazil) is a Brazilian comic book artist better known his his pen name of Ed Benes.

Following her paralysis and recovery from depression, Oracle founds the Birds of Prey, a team of female heroes, whom she employs as agents and extended members of the Batman team. Birds of Prey is a Comic book published by DC Comics that features the adventures of the superhero Oracle and her group of superheroines. After her unsuccessful partnership with Power Girl, Oracle later joins forces with the superheroine Black Canary. Black Canary is a Fictional character, a DC Comics superheroine. [52] During Chuck Dixon's crossover series Hunt for Oracle,[53] Barbara Gordon and Dinah Lance meet in person and establish a long-term friendship. They form the nucleus of the Birds of Prey organization. While Oracle serves as the basic head of operations, Black Canary becomes her full-time employee and field agent.

During the 2004 cross-over event War Games,[54] Black Mask commandeers Oracle's computers and satellites and engages in a fight to the death with Batman. War Games is a Comics Story arc published by DC Comics between October 2004 and January 2005 Black Mask, aka Roman Sionis, is a Fictional character in the DC Comics universe. In order to prevent Batman from killing his adversary, Oracle initiates the Clock Tower's self-destruct sequence, provoking Batman to rescue her rather than continue the battle. This results in the destruction of Gordon's home and headquarters in the clock tower. Subsequently, Oracle decides to move on, and leaves Gotham City altogether. She cuts her ties with Batman, and after a temporary world trip with her team, relocates to Metropolis. Metropolis is a Fictional city that appears in Comic books published by DC Comics, and is the home of Superman.

In the events comprising Gail Simone's Birds of Prey: Between Dark and Dawn (2005),[55] and Birds of Prey: The Battle Within (2005),[56] Oracle is possessed by arch-villain Brainiac, an artificial intelligence entity, in order to become a biological being. Brainiac is a DC Comics Supervillain that appears in the Comic books published by DC Comics. Although Oracle overpowers Brainiac and expels him from her body, the advanced virus delivered by him remains despite his absence. The virus steadily causes cybernetic attachments to sprout all over her body. Oracle develops cyberpathic powers that allow her to psychically interact with computer information systems. In generalDO NOT ADD INFORMATION THAT DOES NOT CONCERN COMIC BOOK CHARACTERS Although she loses these abilities after the virus is rendered dormant following an operation by Doctor Mid-Nite, she discovers she can move her toes. Doctor Mid-Nite is a Fictional character, a DC Comics Superhero. However, this proves to be short-lived; Gordon remains paralyzed.

Oracle as she appears infected with the Brainiac virus. Art by Adriana Melo.
Oracle as she appears infected with the Brainiac virus. Brainiac is a DC Comics Supervillain that appears in the Comic books published by DC Comics. Art by Adriana Melo. Adriana Melo is a Comic book Artist and Penciller born in Brazil has worked on various Star Wars titles mostly in the

During the company wide cross-over Infinite Crisis (2005),[57] Oracle teams with the Martian Manhunter in Metropolis to coordinate a counterstrike to the Secret Society's global jailbreak. Infinite Crisis is a seven-issue Limited series of Comic books written by Geoff Johns and illustrated by Phil Jimenez, George Martian Manhunter is the Superhero alias of J'onn J'onzz, alternately known as John Jones or the Manhunter from Mars, a Fictional character The Secret Society of Super Villains ( SSoSV) is a group of Comic book Supervillains that exist in the DC Universe. The renewed romance between Barbara Gordon and Dick Grayson is also cut short by the Infinite Crisis storyline. [58] When DC continuity jumps forward one year after the events of Infinite Crisis, Oracle and her team continue to work in Metropolis. One Year Later was a 2006 event running through the DC Universe. Metropolis is a Fictional city that appears in Comic books published by DC Comics, and is the home of Superman. Oracle works with Batman, although not on a regular basis as before. Oracle continues to lead the Birds of Prey, and expandes the ranks of the operation. In Birds of Prey #99, Black Canary leaves the team and The Huntress becomes the team's de facto field leader, while Big Barda has been brought in as the group's heavy-hitter alongside a larger, rotating roster; Oracle also makes an attempt to reforge her alliance with Power Girl, however, when Oracle invites her to rejoin the team, she replies that she'll do so "when Hell freezes over. The Huntress is Helena Rosa Bertinelli, a fictional character in the DC Universe and several versions of the character. Big Barda is a fictional Superhero and New God in the DC Comics universe. Hell, according to many Religious beliefs, is a location in the Afterlife, which may be described as a place of suffering "[59] In "Whitewater," Gail Simone's final story arc on Birds of Prey (2007),[60] Oracle and her team struggle for power with Spy Smasher, a government agent who has taken over the Birds of Prey organization. Spy Smasher is the name of two fictional characters appearing in comics published by DC Comics. Eventually, Spy Smasher is forced to admit her defeat and returns control of the Birds of Prey organization to Oracle. At the conclusion of the arc, Oracle also adopts Misfit into the Birds of Prey. Misfit ( Charlotte "Charlie" Gage-Radcliffe) is a Fictional character in the.

In Countdown (2007),[61] Oracle dispatches the Question and Batwoman to capture Trickster and Piper following their role in the murder of the Flash. Countdown to Final Crisis, known as Countdown for its first 25 issues is a Comic book Limited series published by DC Comics Renee Montoya is a Fictional Comic book character published by DC Comics. The Trickster is the name of two Fictional characters DC Comics supervillains that are both enemies of the Flash. Pied Piper (also known as Piper) is a Fictional character in the DC Universe. Bartholomew "Bart" Allen is a superhero in the. Allen first appeared as the superhero Impulse. She struggles to keep the identities of the world's heroes from being stolen and coordinates the response to a global crisis engineered by the Calculator, a villainous hacker and information broker. The Calculator is a Fictional Supervillain published by DC Comics. In issue #5 of the comic book series The All-New Booster Gold (2007),[62] the title hero is given the mission of traveling back in time in order to prevent "a tragedy that he discovers never should've happened — the Joker shooting and paralyzing Barbara Gordon, Batgirl. "[63] Although Booster Gold makes several attempts to prevent the events which took place in Batman: The Killing Joke, he ultimately fails and Barbara Gordon's chronological history remains unchanged. Booster Gold is a Fictional character, a Superhero in publications from DC Comics.

Powers and abilities

Martial artistry

According to the character's fictional biography, Barbara Gordon took numerous self-defense classes in judo and karate prior to her tenure as Batgirl and is described as being a "star athlete. "[47] Following the events of The Killing Joke, Barbara Gordon continued to train in the martial arts as Oracle, despite being paralyzed from the waist down. She has extensive skills with eskrima fighting sticks, small firearms and batarangs; she customarily keeps a pair of eskrima sticks stored in the armrests of her wheelchair as a contingency. " Eskrima " or " Escrima " refers to a class of Filipino Martial Arts that emphasize stick and sword fighting

Technological skills

Prior to the character's career as a vigilante, Barbara Gordon developed many technological skills, including vast knowledge of computers and electronics, expert skills as a hacker, and graduate training in library sciences. Gordon is also written as having a genius-level intellect and naturally possessing a photographic memory. [64] Like Batman, Barbara Gordon originally used a wide variety of computer electronics and gadgets during her early adventures as Batgirl. These included an infrared scanner built into the cowl of her costume, various bat-inspired weaponry and the "Batgirl Cycle. " According to Gail Simone, Oracle maintains control over the twelve technologically advanced satellites that were created by Lex Luthor during his tenure as President of the United States. Lex Luthor is a fictional character that appears in comic books published by DC Comics. The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by [65]

Information broker

Oracle places her considerable skills and knowledge at the disposal of many of the DC universe's heroes. [64] She is a skilled hacker, capable of retrieving and dispersing information from private satellites, military installations, government files, and the properties of Lex Luthor. [66] Batman, himself a genius with a wide knowledge base and access to vast information resources, routinely consults Oracle for assistance.

Adaptations into other media

Main article: Media adaptations of Barbara Gordon

Since the character's debut in 1967, Barbara Gordon has been adapted in live action television series such as Batman[67] and Birds of Prey,[68] as well as animated television series such as Batman: The Animated Series,[69] The New Batman Adventures,[70] and The Batman[71] in her alter-egos as both Batgirl and Oracle. Batman is a 1960s American Television series, based on the DC Comic book character of the same name. Birds of Prey is a Television drama series produced in 2002 The series was developed by Laeta Kalogridis for The WB and is loosely based on Batman The Animated Series (often shortened Batman TAS or BTAS) is an American, two time Emmy Award winning The New Batman Adventures is the successor to the highly acclaimed American animated series Batman The Animated Series. The Batman was an Emmy Award -winning American Animated Television series produced by Warner Bros Barbara Gordon was also the inspiration for the Barbara Wilson Batgirl that was portrayed by actress Alicia Silverstone in the live action film Batman & Robin. Alicia Silverstone ( born October 4 1976 is an American Film and stage actress and former fashion model. " Batman & Robin " is a 1997 film from the Batman film series starring George Clooney as Batman, Chris O'Donnell returning [72]

Television

Yvonne Craig as Batgirl.
Yvonne Craig as Batgirl. Yvonne Joyce Craig (born May 16, 1937 in Taylorville Illinois) is an American actress best known as Batgirl from

When the Batman television series of the 1960s sought to renew the program for a third season, DC editor Julius Schwartz along with artist Carmine Infantino created the "new" Batgirl—Barbara Gordon—at the explicit request of television producer William Dozier. [73] Batgirl's addition to the comic book medium was inspired to tie in with the television program in order to bring in a female audience. Yvonne Craig was cast as Batgirl after starring in a seven minute promotional short which was presented to the ABC television network. [74] Although Yvonne Craig's addition to the cast was able to renew the program for a third season, it did not save the series from cancellation. [75] In 1972, three years after the Batman television series ended, Craig appeared again as Batgirl in a public service announcement for the United States Department of Labor advocating equal pay. A public service announcement (PSA or community service announcement (CSA is a non-commercial advertisement broadcast on radio or television ostensibly for the Public The United States Department of Labor is a Cabinet department of the United States government responsible for occupational safety wage and hour standards Equal pay for women is an issue involving pay Inequality between men and women [3] In an interview with Femme Fatales Magazine (1998), Craig describes her experience playing the comic book icon as one of her best experiences. [76] According to Craig, her portrayal as Batgirl remains a symbol for women's empowerment.

I meet young women who say Batgirl was their role model. . . They say its because it was the first time they ever felt girls could do the same things guys could do, and sometimes better. I think that’s lovely. [76]

In 2002, Warner Bros. produced the television series Birds of Prey, loosely based on the comic book series of the same name. Warner Bros Entertainment Inc (or Warner Bros, Warner Bros Pictures) is one of the world's largest producers of Film and [77] Dina Meyer became the first actress to portray Barbara Gordon as Oracle. Dina Meyer (born December 22, 1968) is an American film and television actress, best known for her roles in Starship Troopers

Animation

Barbara Gordon made her animated debut as Batgirl in the Filmation animated series Batman with Robin the Boy Wonder (originally known as The Batman/Superman Hour) which originally aired on CBS in 1968. For the unrelated isometric graphics engine used by Ultimate Play the Game in their 8-bit computer games see Filmation engine. Batman with Robin the Boy Wonder was a Filmation Animated series that premiered on CBS on September 13, 1969; it was CBS Broadcasting Inc ( CBS) is an American radio and Television network. [78] Batgirl also played a supporting role in The New Adventures of Batman, also produced by Filmation and aired on CBS in 1977. The New Adventures of Batman is an Animated series produced by Filmation in 1977 featuring the DC Comics Superheroes [79]

Batgirl in Batman: The Animated Series
Batgirl in Batman: The Animated Series

During the 1990s - after the Batman franchise experienced a revitalization due to the commercial success of Tim Burton's feature film Batman - Barbara Gordon was adapted into the series of animated television programs produced by Warner Bros. Animation collectively known as Bruce Timm and Paul Dini's DC animated universe. Timothy "Tim" William Burton (born August 25 1958 is an American Film director, Screenwriter and Set designer, notable for the quirky Batman is a 1989 Superhero film based on the DC Comics character of the same name. Warner Bros Animation is the animation division of Warner Bros Bruce Walter Timm (born on February 8 1961) is an American Character Designer, Animator These series of animated programs began with Batman: The Animated Series which debuted on the Fox network in 1992. Barbara Gordon in this continuity, made her first appearance in the two part episode "Heart of Steel. "[80] In the following season, Gordon became Batgirl in the two part episode "Shadow of the Bat" (1993). [69] In the character's third appearance, Barbara Gordon played a starring role in the series finale "Batgirl Returns" (1994). [81] Following the launch of The WB network and at the request of Warner Bros. Entertainment, Batgirl was given a recurring role in The New Batman Adventures (1997),[82] and also made a brief cameo appearance in the Justice League episode "The Savage Time" (2002). Justice League is an American Animated television series about a team of Superheroes which ran from 2001 to 2004 on Cartoon Network [83] In 1999, The WB premiered the animated television series Batman Beyond, which conforms to the continuity of the DCAU, yet depicts a future in which Bruce Wayne has retired as Batman. Batman Beyond (known as Batman of the Future in Europe, Latin America, Australia, New Zealand and The elder Barbara Gordon in this series also retired her Batgirl persona and serves as Police Commissioner of Gotham City. [84]

Although the DCAU did not end until the finale of Justice League Unlimited in 2006, Warner Bros. Justice League Unlimited (or JLU) is the name of an American animated television series that was produced by and aired on Animation launched a new animated series titled The Batman in 2004 which established its own continuity. Barbara Gordon was introduced as Batgirl in the two part episode "Batgirl Begins" (2005). [71] This series also marked the animated debut of Barbara Gordon as Oracle with the futuristic episode "Artifacts" (2007). [85]

See also

Partial bibliography

References

Footnotes

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  3. ^ a b Yvonne Craig as Batgirl in a Public Service Announcement for the U.S. Department of Labor (1972). Retrieved on 2007-10-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1066 - Norman Conquest: Battle of Hastings - In England on Senlac Hill seven miles from Hastings, the forces
  4. ^ Variations on a Theme (2007-08-18). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 293 BC - The oldest known Roman temple to Venus is founded starting the institution of Vinalia Rustica. Retrieved on 2007-12-19. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 324 - Licinius abdicates his position as Roman Emperor.
  5. ^ Daniels, Les (2004). Les Daniels (born 1943 is an American Writer. Background He attended Brown University in Providence Rhode Island, where Batman: The Complete History. Chronicle Books, 113. ISBN 0811842320.  
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  7. ^ Daniels, Les (1995). Les Daniels (born 1943 is an American Writer. Background He attended Brown University in Providence Rhode Island, where DC Comics: Sixty Years of the World's Favorite Comic Book Heroes. Bulfinch, pg. 141. ISBN 0-8212-2076-4.  
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  56. ^ Simone, Gail (2005). Gail Simone is an American writer of Comic books Best known for penning DC's Birds of Prey, she is the writer of Welcome Birds of Prey: The Battle Within. DC Comics. ISBN 978-1401210960.  
  57. ^ Johns, Geoff; Phil Jimenez, George Perez, Jerry Ordway, Ivan Reis, Andy Lanning (2005). Geoff Johns (born 25 Jan 1973 in Detroit Michigan) is an American Comic book Writer, best known for his work for Infinite Crisis. DC Comics. ISBN 978-1401209599.  
  58. ^ Andreyko, Marc (2007). Marc Andreyko is an openly gay Comic book and Screenplay writer known for writing the 2000s ongoing series Manhunter for Nightwing Annual 2. DC Comics.  
  59. ^ Simone, Gail (2007). Gail Simone is an American writer of Comic books Best known for penning DC's Birds of Prey, she is the writer of Welcome Birds of Prey: Blood and Circuits. DC Comics. ISBN 978-1401213718.  
  60. ^ Simone, Gail (2007). Gail Simone is an American writer of Comic books Best known for penning DC's Birds of Prey, she is the writer of Welcome Birds of Prey: Whitewater. DC Comics.  
  61. ^ Dini, Paul; Paul Dini, Sean McKeever (2007). Paul Dini (born August 7, 1957) is an American Television producer of Animated cartoons. Countdown #39. DC Comics.  
  62. ^ Johns, Geoff; Jeff Katz (2007). Geoff Johns (born 25 Jan 1973 in Detroit Michigan) is an American Comic book Writer, best known for his work for The All-New Booster Gold #5. DC Comics.  
  63. ^ The All-New Booster Gold #5. DC Comics (2007). Retrieved on 2008-01-13. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 532 - Nika riots in Constantinople. 888 - Odo Count of Paris becomes King of the Franks
  64. ^ a b Peterson, Scott (1994). Scott Lee Peterson (born October 24, 1972) is a Californian who was convicted of the murder of his wife Laci Peterson, who was eight months A Little Knowledge Showcase 94 #12. DC Comics.  
  65. ^ Brady, Matt (2007). Matt Brady is the current head men's basketball coach at James Madison University. THE SIMONE FILES I: BIRDS OF PREY - UPDATED. www. newsarama. com. Retrieved on 2007-12-19. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 324 - Licinius abdicates his position as Roman Emperor.
  66. ^ Simone, Gail (2006). Gail Simone is an American writer of Comic books Best known for penning DC's Birds of Prey, she is the writer of Welcome Birds of Prey #80. DC Comics.  
  67. ^ Sherman, Stanford (1967-09-14). Enter Batgirl, Exit Penguin. Batman. www. tv. com. Retrieved on 2008-01-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 366 - The Alamanni cross the frozen Rhine River in large numbers invading the Roman Empire.
  68. ^ Armus, Adam; Kay Foster (2002-11-27). See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1095 - Pope Urban II declares the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont Lady Shiva. Birds of Prey. www. tv. com. Retrieved on 2008-01-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 366 - The Alamanni cross the frozen Rhine River in large numbers invading the Roman Empire.
  69. ^ a b Reaves, Brynne (1993-09-13). Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) Events 509 BC - The Temple of Jupiter on Rome 's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September Shadow of the Bat. Batman: The Animated Series. www. tv. com. Retrieved on 2008-01-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 366 - The Alamanni cross the frozen Rhine River in large numbers invading the Roman Empire.
  70. ^ Dini, Paul (1997-09-13). Paul Dini (born August 7, 1957) is an American Television producer of Animated cartoons. Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar Events 509 BC - The Temple of Jupiter on Rome 's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September Holiday Knights. The New Batman Adventures. www. tv. com. Retrieved on 2008-01-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 366 - The Alamanni cross the frozen Rhine River in large numbers invading the Roman Empire.
  71. ^ a b Jelenic, Michael (2005-09-17). Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1176 - The Battle of Myriokephalon is fought 1462 - The Battle of Świecino (or Battle of Żarnowiec Batgirl Begins. The Batman. www. tv. com. Retrieved on 2008-01-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 366 - The Alamanni cross the frozen Rhine River in large numbers invading the Roman Empire.
  72. ^ McNeill, Dustin (2005). Review of Batman & Robin. Retrieved on 2007-10-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1066 - Norman Conquest: Battle of Hastings - In England on Senlac Hill seven miles from Hastings, the forces
  73. ^ Brooker, Will (2001). Batman Unmasked: Analyzing a Cultural Icon. Continuum International Publishing Group, 187. ISBN 0826413439.  
  74. ^ Batgirl Promotional Short (1967). Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2007-09-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 9 - The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest ends 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul
  75. ^ Daniels, Les (1995). Les Daniels (born 1943 is an American Writer. Background He attended Brown University in Providence Rhode Island, where DC Comics: Sixty Years of the World's Favorite Comic Book Heroes. Bulfinch, pg. 141. ISBN 0-8212-2076-4.  
  76. ^ a b Schiff, Laura (1998). Interview With Yvonne. Retrieved on 2007-11-30. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1700 - Battle of Narva — A Swedish army of 8500 men under Charles XII defeats
  77. ^ Kalogridis, Laeta (2002-11-27). See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1095 - Pope Urban II declares the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont Pilot. Birds of Prey. www. tv. com. Retrieved on 2008-01-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 366 - The Alamanni cross the frozen Rhine River in large numbers invading the Roman Empire.
  78. ^ The Batman/Superman Hour (1968). Year 1968 ( MCMLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2007-12-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 69 - Vespasian, formerly a general under Nero, enters Rome to claim the title of Emperor.
  79. ^ Pest. The New Adventures of Batman. www. tv. com (1977-02-10). Also 1977 (album by Ash. Year 1977 ( MCMLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays Events 1355 - The St Scholastica's Day riot breaks out in Oxford, England, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead Retrieved on 2008-01-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 366 - The Alamanni cross the frozen Rhine River in large numbers invading the Roman Empire.
  80. ^ Reaves, Brynne (1992-11-16). Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) Events 534 - A second and final revision of the Codex Justinianus is published Heart of Steel. Batman: The Animated Series. www. tv. com. Retrieved on 2008-01-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 366 - The Alamanni cross the frozen Rhine River in large numbers invading the Roman Empire.
  81. ^ Reaves, Michael; Brynne Chandler Reaves (1994-11-12). Michael Reaves (born 1950) is an American writer known for his contributions as producer and story editor to a number of 1990s animated television series including Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) Events 764 - Tibetan troops occupy Chang'an, the capital of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, for fifteen days Batgirl Returns. The New Adventures of Batman & Robin. www. tv. com. Retrieved on 2008-01-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 366 - The Alamanni cross the frozen Rhine River in large numbers invading the Roman Empire.
  82. ^ Nolen-Weathington, Eric (2004). Modern Masters Volume 3: Bruce Timm. TwoMorrows Publishing, 58. ISBN 1893905306.  
  83. ^ Berkowitz, Stan (2002-11-09). See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 694 - Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims sentencing all The Savage Time. Justice League. www. tv. com. Retrieved on 2008-01-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 366 - The Alamanni cross the frozen Rhine River in large numbers invading the Roman Empire.
  84. ^ Berkowitz, Stan (1999-01-10). Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signaling the start of civil war. Rebirth Part 2. Batman Beyond. www. tv. com. Retrieved on 2008-01-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 366 - The Alamanni cross the frozen Rhine River in large numbers invading the Roman Empire.
  85. ^ Weisman, Greg (2007-02-03). Greg Weisman (born September 28 1963 in Los Angeles California) is an American Animation Writer and producer most famous Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states Artifacts. The Batman. www. tv. com. Retrieved on 2008-01-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 366 - The Alamanni cross the frozen Rhine River in large numbers invading the Roman Empire.

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