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Barack Hussein Obama, Jr. Notable residents Notable Kenwood residents have included Muhammad Ali Bill Ayers Louis Farrakhan Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. Alma mater is Latin for "nourishing mother" It was used in Ancient Rome as a title for the mother Goddess, and in Medieval Occidental College is a small private coeducational liberal arts college located in Los Angeles California. Columbia University is a private University in the United States and a member of the Ivy League. Harvard Law School (also known as Harvard Law or HLS) is one of the professional Graduate schools of Harvard University. An attorney at law (or attorney-at-law) in the United States is a practitioner in a court of law who is legally qualified to prosecute The United Church of Christ ( UCC) is a mainline Protestant Christian denomination principally in the United States, Barack Obama was born on August 4 1961 in Honolulu Hawaii to Barack Obama Sr Dreams from My Father A Story of Race and Inheritance is a Memoir by 2008 United States Presidential candidate Barack Obama of Illinois The Illinois Senate career of Barack Obama stretched from 1996 to 2004 when Barack Obama was elected to the United States Senate. The United States Senate career of Barack Obama began on January 4 2005. Barack Obama, the junior United States Senator from Illinois, announced his candidacy for the presidency of the United States in States Senate|US Senator]] Barack Obama ( D - IL) a candidate and the Nominee of the Democratic Party in the 2008 U (pronounced /bəˈrɑːk hʊˈseɪn oʊˈbɑːmə/; born August 4, 1961) is the junior United States Senator from Illinois and the presumptive nominee of the Democratic Party in the 2008 presidential election. Events 70 - The Destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem by the Romans. Year 1961 ( MCMLXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives The State of Illinois ( roughly ill-i-NOY is a state of the United States of America, the 21st to be admitted to the Union. In Politics, the presumptive nominee is a political Candidate who is all but assured of his or her party's Nomination, but has not yet been formally nominated The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. The United States presidential election of 2008, scheduled for Tuesday November 4 2008 will be the 56th consecutive He is the first African American to be the presumptive presidential nominee of any major American political party. African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by
A graduate of Columbia University and Harvard Law School, Obama worked as a community organizer, served as a law school professor, and practiced as a civil rights attorney before serving in the Illinois Senate from 1997 to 2004. Columbia University is a private University in the United States and a member of the Ivy League. Harvard Law School (also known as Harvard Law or HLS) is one of the professional Graduate schools of Harvard University. Community organizing is a process by which people living in proximity to each other are brought together by an organizationto act in their common self-interest (at least as per the views The Illinois Senate is the upper chamber of the Illinois General Assembly, the Legislative branch of the government of the State of Following an unsuccessful bid for a seat in the U.S. House of Representatives in 2000, he announced his campaign for the U.S. Senate in January 2003. The United States House of Representatives is one of the two chambers of the United States Congress; the other is the Senate. The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives After winning a landslide primary victory in March 2004, Obama delivered the keynote address at the Democratic National Convention in July 2004. The 2004 Democratic National Convention was a United States presidential nominating convention that took place from July 26 to July 29, 2004 He was elected to the U. S. Senate in November 2004 with 70% of the vote.
As a member of the Democratic minority in the 109th Congress, he cosponsored legislation to control conventional weapons and to promote greater public accountability in the use of federal funds. A conventional weapon is a Weapon that does not incorporate toxic chemical, biological or nuclear payloads He also made official trips to Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. In the current 110th Congress, he has sponsored legislation regarding lobbying and electoral fraud, climate change, nuclear terrorism, and care for returned U. Lobbying in the United States targets the United States Senate, the United States House of Representatives, and state legislatures Lobbyists may also represent Electoral fraud is illegal interference with the process of an Election. Mitigation of global warming involves taking actions to reduce Greenhouse gas emissions and to enhance sinks aimed at reducing the extent of Global warming Nuclear terrorism denotes the use or threat of the use of Nuclear weapons or Radiological weapons in acts of Terrorism, including attacks against facilities S. military personnel. Since announcing his presidential campaign in February 2007, Obama has emphasized ending the war in Iraq, increasing energy independence, decreasing the influence of lobbyists, and providing universal health care as top national priorities. The Iraq War, also known as the Second Gulf War, the Occupation of Iraq, or the War in Iraq, is an ongoing Military campaign The energy policy of the United States is determined by federal state and local public entities in the United States, which address issues of energy production distribution Lobbying in the United States targets the United States Senate, the United States House of Representatives, and state legislatures Lobbyists may also represent Universal health care is health care coverage which is extended to all eligible residents of a governmental region
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Early life and career
Obama was born on August 4, 1961, at the Kapiolani Medical Center in Honolulu, Hawaii, to Barack Obama, Sr., of Nyangoma-Kogelo, Siaya District, Kenya, and Ann Dunham, of Wichita, Kansas, who was largely descended from pre-revolutionary British settlers to the United States, although her great-great-grandfather Falmouth Kearney emigrated from Ireland in the mid 19th century. Barack Obama was born on August 4 1961 in Honolulu Hawaii to Barack Obama Sr Events 70 - The Destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem by the Romans. Year 1961 ( MCMLXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Honolulu is the Capital and most populous Census-designated place (CDP in the U The State of Hawaii ( or həˈwaɪʔiː Hawaiian: Mokuāina o Hawaii) is a state in the United States located on an Archipelago in the Barack Hussein Obama (1936&ndash1982 was a Kenyan senior governmental economist and Father of Illinois Senator and 2008 Democratic presidential Siaya District is one of the twelve districts that make up Nyanza Province in the southwest part of Kenya. The Republic of Kenya is a country in East Africa. It is bordered by Ethiopia to the north Somalia to the northeast Tanzania to the south Wichita (ˈwɪtʃɪtaː is the most populous City in the US state of Kansas, and the county seat of Sedgwick County. Kansas ( is a Midwestern state in the central region of the United States of America, an area often referred to as the American " In this article the inhabitants of the thirteen colonies that supported the American Revolution are primarily referred to as "Americans" with occasional references to "Patriots" Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world [1][2] His parents met while both were attending the University of Hawaii at Manoa, where his father was enrolled as a foreign student. The University of Hawaii at Mānoa is a public co-educational University and is the flagship campus of the greater University of Hawai{{okina}}i system. [3] They separated when he was two years old and later divorced. [4] After her divorce, Dunham married Lolo Soetoro, and the family moved to Soetoro's home country of Indonesia in 1967, where Obama attended local schools in Jakarta until he was ten years old. The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. Jakarta (also DKI Jakarta) is the Capital and largest city of Indonesia. [2] He then returned to Honolulu to live with his maternal grandparents while attending Punahou School from the fifth grade until his graduation from high school in 1979. Punahou School, once known as Oahu College, is a private Co-educational, Nonsectarian College preparatory school located in Honolulu Education in the United States is provided mainly by government with control and funding coming from three levels federal, state, and local. [5]
Following high school, Obama moved to Los Angeles, where he studied at Occidental College for two years. Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West Occidental College is a small private coeducational liberal arts college located in Los Angeles California. [6] He then transferred to Columbia University in New York City, where he majored in political science with a specialization in international relations. History Columbia College was founded as King’s College by royal charter of King George II of England in the The City of New York Political science is a branch of Social sciences that deals with the theory and practice of Politics and the description and analysis of Political systems [7] Obama graduated with a B.A. from Columbia in 1983, then worked at Business International Corporation and New York Public Interest Research Group. Business International Corporation (BI was a publishing and advisory firm dedicated to assisting American companies in operating abroad The New York Public Interest Research Group ( NYPIRG) is a New York State-wide non-partisan political organization [8][9]
After four years in New York City, Obama moved to Chicago to work as a community organizer for three years from June 1985 to May 1988 as director of the Developing Communities Project (DCP), a church-based community organization originally comprising eight Catholic parishes in Greater Roseland (Roseland, West Pullman, and Riverdale) on Chicago's far South Side. Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. Notable Residents Eliot Ness, member of The Untouchables Styx, a band [8][10] During his three years as the DCP's director, its staff grew from 1 to 13 and its annual budget grew from $70,000 to $400,000, with accomplishments including helping set up a job training program, a college preparatory tutoring program, and a tenants' rights organization in Altgeld Gardens. Altgeld Gardens is a Housing project located on the south side of Chicago, Illinois, USA. [11] Obama also worked as a consultant and instructor for the Gamaliel Foundation, a community organizing institute. [12] In summer 1988, he traveled for the first time to Europe for three weeks then Kenya for five weeks where he met many of his Kenyan relatives for the first time. [13]
He entered Harvard Law School in 1988. Harvard Law School (also known as Harvard Law or HLS) is one of the professional Graduate schools of Harvard University. [14] His election in 1990 as the first black president of the Harvard Law Review was widely reported. The Harvard Law Review is a journal of legal scholarship published by an independent student group at Harvard Law School. [15] Obama graduated with a J.D. magna cum laude from Harvard in 1991, then returned to Chicago and began writing his first book, Dreams from My Father, a memoir published in 1995. Juris Doctor (abbreviated JD or JD, from the Latin, Teacher of Law) is a first professional graduate degree and Professional Latin honors are Latin phrases used to indicate the level of academic distinction with which an Academic degree was earned Dreams from My Father A Story of Race and Inheritance is a Memoir by 2008 United States Presidential candidate Barack Obama of Illinois [16]
Obama directed Illinois Project Vote! from April to October 1992, a voter registration drive with a staff of 10 and 700 volunteers that achieved its goal of registering 150,000 of 400,000 unregistered African Americans in the state, leading Crain's Chicago Business to name Obama to its 1993 list of "40 under Forty" powers to be. [17][18]
Obama taught constitutional law at the University of Chicago Law School for twelve years, as a Lecturer for four years (1992–1996), and as a Senior Lecturer for eight years (1996–2004). Constitutional law is the study of foundational or basic Laws of nation states and other political organizations The University of Chicago Law School, having recently celebrated its centennial in the 2002-2003 school year has established itself as a high profile part of the University of [19]
Obama worked as an associate attorney with Davis, Miner, Barnhill & Galland from 1993 to 2002. A lawyer, according to Black's Law Dictionary, is "a person learned in the law as an attorney, Counsel or Solicitor; a person After 1996, he worked at the firm only during the summer, when the Illinois Senate was not in session. [20] Obama worked on cases where the firm represented community organizers, pursued discrimination claims, and on voting rights cases. In the United States, Employment discrimination is prohibited by a collection of state and federal Laws as well as by ordinances of counties and municipalities Background See also [[Disfranchisement after the Civil War]] The 13th Amendment, ratified in 1865 after the Civil War, abolished and prohibited He also spent time on real estate transactions, filing incorporation papers and defending clients against minor lawsuits. [21] Mostly he drew up briefs, contracts, and other legal documents as a junior associate on legal teams. [21]
Obama was a founding member of the board of directors of Public Allies in 1992, resigning before his wife, Michelle, became the founding executive director of Public Allies Chicago in spring 1993. Public Allies is an American non-profit largely taxpayer-funded organization dedicated to youth leadership development [8][22] He served on the board of directors of the Woods Fund of Chicago, which in 1985 had been the first foundation to fund Obama's DCP, from 1993–2002, and served on the board of directors of The Joyce Foundation from 1994–2002. [8] Obama served on the board of directors of the Chicago Annenberg Challenge from 1995–2002, as founding president and chairman of the board of directors from 1995–1999. [8] He also served on the board of directors of the Chicago Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, the Center for Neighborhood Technology, and the Lugenia Burns Hope Center. [8]
State legislature
Obama was elected to the Illinois Senate in 1996, succeeding State Senator Alice Palmer as Senator from the 13th District, which then spanned Chicago South Side neighborhoods from Hyde Park-Kenwood south to South Shore and west to Chicago Lawn. The Illinois Senate career of Barack Obama stretched from 1996 to 2004 when Barack Obama was elected to the United States Senate. The Illinois Senate is the upper chamber of the Illinois General Assembly, the Legislative branch of the government of the State of Alice J Palmer (born June 20 1939 in Indianapolis, Indiana) is a former Democratic State Senator from Illinois, representing the History (Hyde Park Paul Cornell a successful businessman real-estate speculator and Abolitionist, purchased of land between 51st and 55th Streets along the Lake Notable residents Notable Kenwood residents have included Muhammad Ali Bill Ayers Louis Farrakhan Neighborhoods Jackson Park Jackson Park is a 500 acre (2 km² park on Chicago's South Side bordering Lake Michigan and the neighborhoods of Hyde Park History The city of Chicago Lawn was founded by John F Eberhart in 1871 [23] Once elected, Obama gained bipartisan support for legislation reforming ethics and health care laws. [24] He sponsored a law increasing tax credits for low-income workers, negotiated welfare reform, and promoted increased subsidies for childcare. The term tax credit describes two different concepts The first is a recognition of partial payment already made towards Taxes due. [25] In 2001, as co-chairman of the bipartisan Joint Committee on Administrative Rules, Obama supported Republican Governor Ryan's payday loan regulations and predatory mortgage lending regulations aimed at averting home foreclosures,[26] and in 2003, Obama sponsored and led unanimous, bipartisan passage of legislation to monitor racial profiling by requiring police to record the race of drivers they detained and legislation making Illinois the first state to mandate videotaping of homicide interrogations. Racial profiling is the inclusion of racial or ethnic characteristics in determining whether a person is considered likely to commit a particular type of crime or [25][27]
Obama was reelected to the Illinois Senate in 1998, and again in 2002. [28] In 2000, he lost a Democratic primary run for the U. S. House of Representatives to four-term incumbent Bobby Rush by a margin of two to one. Bobby Lee Rush (born November 23 1946 is an American politician from Illinois. [29][30]
In January 2003, Obama became chairman of the Illinois Senate's Health and Human Services Committee when Democrats, after a decade in the minority, regained a majority. [31] During his 2004 general election campaign for U. S. Senate, police representatives credited Obama for his active engagement with police organizations in enacting death penalty reforms. Capital punishment of a Felon in the United States, in modern times is employed and in practice only in cases involving murder [32] Obama resigned from the Illinois Senate in November 2004 following his election to the US Senate. [33]
U. S. Senate campaign
In mid-2002, Obama began considering a run for the U. The Illinois United States Senate election of 2004 was held on November 2, 2004. S. Senate, enlisting political strategist David Axelrod that fall and formally announcing his candidacy in January 2003. David Axelrod is an American political consultant based in Chicago, Illinois. [34] Decisions by Republican incumbent Peter Fitzgerald and his Democratic predecessor Carol Moseley Braun not to contest the race launched wide-open Democratic and Republican primary contests involving fifteen candidates. Peter Gosselin Fitzgerald (born October 20, 1960) is the former junior United States Senator from Illinois, having served from 1999&ndash Carol Elizabeth Moseley Braun (born August 16, 1947) is an American Politician and Lawyer who represented Illinois in the [35] Obama's candidacy was boosted by Axelrod's advertising campaign featuring images of the late Chicago Mayor Harold Washington and an endorsement by the daughter of the late Paul Simon, former U. Harold Washington ( April 15 1922 – November 25 1987) was an American Lawyer and Politician who became the Paul Martin Simon ( November 29, 1928 &ndash December 9, 2003) was an American politician from Illinois. S. Senator for Illinois. [36] He received over 52% of the vote in the March 2004 primary, emerging 29% ahead of his nearest Democratic rival. [37]
Obama's expected opponent in the general election, Republican primary winner Jack Ryan, withdrew from the race in June 2004. Jack Ryan (born circa 1960 is a Republican from the state of Illinois who was forced to withdraw from the 2004 United States Senate race due to an alleged [38]
In July 2004, Obama wrote and delivered the keynote address at the 2004 Democratic National Convention in Boston, Massachusetts. The 2004 Democratic National Convention was a United States presidential nominating convention that took place from July 26 to July 29, 2004 [39] After describing his maternal grandfather's experiences as a World War II veteran and a beneficiary of the New Deal's FHA and G.I. Bill programs, Obama spoke about changing the U. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The New Deal was the name that United States President Franklin D The Federal Housing Administration (FHA is a United States Government agency created as part of the National Housing Act of 1934. The GI Bill (officially titled Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944 PL346 58 Statutes at Large 284 provided for college or vocational education for returning S. government's economic and social priorities. He questioned the Bush administration's management of the Iraq War and highlighted America's obligations to its soldiers. Drawing examples from U. S. history, he criticized heavily-partisan views of the electorate and asked Americans to find unity in diversity, saying, "There is not a liberal America and a conservative America; there's the United States of America. "[40] Broadcasts of the speech by major news organizations launched Obama's status as a national political figure and boosted his campaign for U. S. Senate. [41]
In August 2004, with less than three months to go before Election Day, Alan Keyes accepted the Illinois Republican Party's nomination to replace Ryan. Alan Lee Keyes (born August 7 1950 [42] A long-time resident of Maryland, Keyes established legal residency in Illinois with the nomination. [43] In the November 2004 general election, Obama received 70% of the vote to Keyes's 27%, the largest victory margin for a statewide race in Illinois history. [44]
U. S. Senate career
Obama was sworn in as a senator on January 4, 2005. The United States Senate career of Barack Obama began on January 4 2005. Events 46 BC - Titus Labienus defeats Julius Caesar in the Battle of Ruspina. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. [45] Though a newcomer to Washington, he recruited a team of established, high-level advisers devoted to broad themes that exceeded the usual requirements of an incoming first-term senator. [46] He hired Pete Rouse, a 30-year veteran of national politics and former chief of staff to Senate Democratic Leader Tom Daschle, as his chief of staff, and economist Karen Kornbluh, former deputy chief of staff to Secretary of the Treasury Robert Rubin, as his policy director. Pete Rouse (born 1946) is Chief of staff for Senator Barack Obama. Thomas Andrew Daschle (born December 9, 1947) is a former US Senator and Senate Majority Leader from South Dakota. Karen Kornbluh (born 1963 is an American economist former United States Treasury Department official and expert on communications policy international trade and issues affecting Robert Edward Rubin (born August 29, 1938) is Director and Senior Counselor of Citigroup. [47] He recruited Samantha Power, author on human rights and genocide, and former Clinton administration officials Anthony Lake and Susan Rice as foreign policy advisers. Samantha Power (born 1970 in Ireland) is an Irish American journalist writer and academic Anthony Lake (born April 2, 1939) is an American diplomat, political figure, and academic. Susan Elizabeth Rice (born 1964) is an American Foreign policy expert [48]
The Senate historian lists Obama as the fifth African American Senator in U. African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa S. history, and the third to have been popularly elected. [49] He is the only Senate member of the Congressional Black Caucus. The Congressional Black Caucus is an organization representing the African American members of the Congress of the United States. [50]
Legislation
Consistent with his interests in conservation, Obama voted in favor of the Energy Policy Act of 2005. The Energy Policy Act of 2005 ( is a statute that was passed by the United States Congress on July 29 2005 and signed into law by President George W Obama took an active role in the Senate's drive for improved border security and immigration reform. In 2005, he cosponsored the "Secure America and Orderly Immigration Act" introduced by Republican John McCain of Arizona. Secure America and Orderly Immigration Act (" McCain-Kennedy Bill ") was an Immigration reform bill introduced in the United States Senate on [51] He later added three amendments to the "Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act", which passed the Senate in May 2006, but failed to gain majority support in the House of Representatives. This Bill did not passIt should be written in the past tense --> The Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act ( CIRA,) was a United States Senate bill [52] In September 2006, Obama supported a related bill, the Secure Fence Act, authorizing construction of fencing and other security improvements along the United States–Mexico border. The Secure Fence Act of 2006 ( was enacted October 26[[ 006]] in the United States. [53] President Bush signed the Secure Fence Act into law in October 2006, calling it "an important step toward immigration reform. "[54]
Partnering with Republican Senators Richard Lugar of Indiana and then Tom Coburn of Oklahoma, Obama successfully introduced two initiatives bearing his name. The Federal Funding Accountability and Transparency Act of 2006 (S Richard Green "Dick" Lugar (born April 4, 1932) is the senior United States Senator from Indiana. Thomas Allen "Tom" Coburn, MD (born March 14 1948 is an American Politician and medical doctor. "Lugar–Obama" expanded the Nunn–Lugar cooperative threat reduction concept to conventional weapons, including shoulder-fired missiles and anti-personnel mines. The Cooperative Threat Reduction (CTR Program (occasionally known as Nunn–Lugar based on a 1992 U [56] The "Coburn–Obama Transparency Act" authorized the establishment of USAspending. The Federal Funding Accountability and Transparency Act of 2006 (S gov, a web search engine launched in December 2007 and run by the Office of Management and Budget. The Office of Management and Budget (OMB is a Cabinet -level office and is the largest office within the Executive Office of the President of the United States (EOP [57] After Illinois residents complained of waste water contamination by a neighboring nuclear plant, Obama sponsored legislation requiring plant owners to notify state and local authorities of radioactive leaks. [58] A compromise version of the bill was subsequently blocked by partisan disputes and later reintroduced. [59] In December 2006, President Bush signed into law the "Democratic Republic of the Congo Relief, Security, and Democracy Promotion Act," marking the first federal legislation to be enacted with Obama as its primary sponsor. The Democratic Republic of the Congo (République démocratique du Congo often referred to as DR Congo, DRC or RDC, and formerly known or referred to [60]
In January 2007, Obama worked with Democrat Russ Feingold of Wisconsin to eliminate gifts of travel on corporate jets by lobbyists to members of Congress and require disclosure of bundled campaign contributions under the "Honest Leadership and Open Government Act," which was signed into law in September 2007. Russell Dana "Russ" Feingold (born March 2, 1953) is an American politician from the U Lobbying in the United States targets the United States Senate, the United States House of Representatives, and state legislatures Lobbyists may also represent Campaign finance in the United States is the financing of electoral campaigns at the federal, state, and local levels. The Honest Leadership and Open Government Act of 2007 ( is a law of the United States federal government that amended parts of the Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995 [61] He introduced S. 453, a bill to criminalize deceptive practices in federal elections, including fraudulent flyers and automated phone calls, as witnessed in the 2006 midterm elections. The Deceptive Practices and Voter Intimidation Prevention Act of 2007 ( is a bill introduced in the 110th Congress January 31[[ 007]] by Sen [62] Obama's energy initiatives scored pluses and minuses with environmentalists, who welcomed his sponsorship with McCain of a climate change bill to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by two-thirds by 2050, but were skeptical of his support for a bill promoting liquefied coal production. Greenhouse gases are gaseous constituents of the atmosphere bothnatural and anthropogenic that absorb and emit radiation at specific wavelengths within the spectrum of thermal infrared [63] Obama also introduced the "Iraq War De-Escalation Act of 2007," a bill to cap troop levels in Iraq, begin phased redeployment, and remove all combat brigades from Iraq before April 2008. On January 30, 2007, US Senator Barack Obama introduced the Iraq War De-Escalation Act of 2007 ( [64]
Later in 2007, Obama sponsored an amendment to the Defense Authorization Act adding safeguards for personality disorder military discharges, and calling for an official review following reports that the procedure had been used inappropriately to reduce government costs. [65] He sponsored the "Iran Sanctions Enabling Act" supporting divestment of state pension funds from Iran's oil and gas industry, and joined Republican Chuck Hagel of Nebraska in introducing legislation to reduce risks of nuclear terrorism. Charles Timothy " Chuck " Hagel (born October 4, 1946) is the senior United States Senator from Nebraska. [66][67] A provision from the Obama–Hagel bill was passed by Congress in December 2007 as an amendment to the State-Foreign Operations appropriations bill. [67] Obama also sponsored a Senate amendment to the State Children's Health Insurance Program providing one year of job protection for family members caring for soldiers with combat-related injuries. The State Children’s Health Insurance Program (SCHIP is a United States federal government program that gives funds to states in order to provide Health insurance [68]
Committees
Obama held assignments on the Senate Committees for Foreign Relations, Environment and Public Works and Veterans' Affairs through December 2006. US Senate Committee on Foreign Relations is a standing committee of the United States Senate. The United States Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works is responsible for dealing with matters related to the environment and infrastructure The United States Senate Committee on Veterans' Affairs is responsible for dealing with oversight of United States Veterans issues [70] In January 2007, he left the Environment and Public Works committee and took additional assignments with Health, Education, Labor and Pensions and Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. The United States Senate Committee on Health Education Labor and Pensions (HELP generally considers matters relating to health education labor and pensions The United States Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs has jurisdiction over matters related to the Department of Homeland Security and other homeland [71] He also became Chairman of the Senate's subcommittee on European Affairs. The Senate Foreign Relations Subcommittee on European Affairs is one of seven subcommittees of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. [72]
As a member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Obama has made official trips to Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. In August 2005, he traveled to Russia, Ukraine, and Azerbaijan. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. Azerbaijan ( English; Azərbaycan officially the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azərbaycan Respublikası is the largest and most populous country in the South The trip focused on strategies to control the world's supply of conventional weapons, biological weapons, and weapons of mass destruction as a first defense against terrorist attacks. [73] Following meetings with U. S. military in Kuwait and Iraq in January 2006, he visited Jordan, Israel, and the Palestinian territories. The State of Kuwait ( دولة الكويت IPA [dawlatt̪ alkuwajt̪]) is a sovereign Arab Emirate on the coast of the Persian Gulf, enclosed For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. Jordan, officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (الأردنّ al-Urdunn) is an Arab country in Southwest Asia spanning the southern For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. Name There are differences of opinion as to what the Palestinian territories should be called At a meeting with Palestinian students two weeks before Hamas won the legislative election, Obama warned that "the U. Palestinian people or Palestinians ( الشعب الفلسطيني, ash-sha`b al-filasTīni; الفلسطينيون, al-filasTīnīyyūn Ḥamas (ar حركة حماس acronym ar حركة المقاومة S. will never recognize winning Hamas candidates unless the group renounces its fundamental mission to eliminate Israel. "[74] He left for his third official trip in August 2006, traveling to South Africa, Kenya, Djibouti, Ethiopia and Chad. The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa The Republic of Kenya is a country in East Africa. It is bordered by Ethiopia to the north Somalia to the northeast Tanzania to the south Djibouti ( جيبوتي Jībūtī, Somali: Jabuuti) officially the Republic of Djibouti, is a country in the NOTE This intro is the result of careful NPOV work Please do not make potentially controversial edits to it without first discussing on the talk page Chad (Tchad تشاد Tshād) officially known as the Republic of Chad, is a Landlocked country in Central Africa. In a speech at the University of Nairobi, he spoke about political corruption and ethnic rivalries. The University of Nairobi ( UON) is the largest University in Kenya. [75] The speech touched off controversy among Kenyan leaders, some formally challenging Obama's remarks as unfair and improper, others defending his positions. [76]
Presidential campaign
In February 2007, standing before the Old State Capitol building in Springfield, Illinois, Obama announced his candidacy for President of the United States in the 2008 U.S. presidential election. Barack Obama, the junior United States Senator from Illinois, announced his candidacy for the presidency of the United States in The 2008 Democratic caucuses in Iowa occurred on January 3, 2008, and were the state caucuses of the Democratic Party in Iowa. Springfield is the capital of the US state of Illinois and the county seat of Sangamon County with a population of 116482 (U The United States presidential election of 2008, scheduled for Tuesday November 4 2008 will be the 56th consecutive [77] Describing his working life in Illinois, and symbolically linking his presidential campaign to Abraham Lincoln's 1858 House Divided speech, Obama said: "That is why, in the shadow of the Old State Capitol, where Lincoln once called on a house divided to stand together, where common hopes and common dreams still live, I stand before you today to announce my candidacy for President of the United States of America. Abraham Lincoln (February 12 1809 &ndash April 15 1865 the sixteenth President of the United States, successfully led his country through its greatest internal The House Divided Speech was an address given by Abraham Lincoln (who would later become President of the United States) on 16 June 1858 "[78] Speaking at a Democratic National Committee (DNC) meeting one week before the February announcement, Obama called for putting an end to negative campaigning. The Democratic National Committee (DNC is the principal organization governing the United States Democratic Party on a day to day basis Negative campaigning is trying to win an advantage by referring to negative aspects of an opponent or of a policy rather than emphasizing one's own positive attributes or preferred [79] Since announcing his presidential campaign Obama has emphasized ending the Iraq War, increasing energy independence, and providing universal health care as his top three priorities. The Iraq War, also known as the Second Gulf War, the Occupation of Iraq, or the War in Iraq, is an ongoing Military campaign The energy policy of the United States is determined by federal state and local public entities in the United States, which address issues of energy production distribution Universal health care is health care coverage which is extended to all eligible residents of a governmental region [80]
Obama's campaign raised $58 million during the first half of 2007, topping all other candidates and exceeding previous records for the first six months of any year before an election year. [81] Small donors, those contributing in increments of less than $200, accounted for $16. 4 million of Obama's record-breaking total, more than any other Democratic candidate. [82] In the first month of 2008, his campaign brought in $36. 8 million, the most ever raised in one month by a presidential candidate in the Democratic primaries. [83]
With two months remaining before the first electoral contests in Iowa and New Hampshire, and national opinion polls showing him trailing Sen. The State of Iowa ( is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States of America. New Hampshire ( is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. Hillary Rodham Clinton, Obama began directly charging his top rival with failing to clearly state her political positions. Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton (born October 26 1947 is the junior United States Senator from [84] Campaigning in Iowa, he told The Washington Post that as the Democratic nominee he would draw more support than Clinton from independent and Republican voters in the general election. The Washington Post is the largest and most circulated Newspaper in Washington D An independent may be variously defined as a Voter who votes for candidates and issues rather than on the basis of a political ideology or Partisanship [85]
Among the first four DNC-sanctioned state contests, Obama won more delegates than Clinton in Iowa, Nevada and South Carolina while winning an equal number in New Hampshire. PLEASE DO NOT MAKE STRUCTURAL CHANGES TO THIS PAGE WITHOUT FIRST DISCUSSING THEM ON THIS ARTICLE'S DISCUSSION PAGE The 2008 Democratic caucuses in Iowa occurred on January 3, 2008, and were the state caucuses of the Democratic Party in Iowa. The 2008 Nevada Democratic Caucuses took place on January 19, 2008 after having been moved from a later date by the Nevada Democratic Party The 2008 South Carolina Democratic Presidential primary took place on January 26, 2008. The 2008 New Hampshire Democratic primary on January 8, 2008 was the first primary in the United States in 2008. On Super Tuesday, he emerged with 20 more delegates than Clinton. Super Tuesday 2008, Super Duper Tuesday, Giga Tuesday, Tsunami Tuesday, and The Tuesday of Destiny are names for February 5 2008 the day [86] He broke fundraising records in the first two months of 2008, raising over $90 million for his primary campaign while Clinton raised $45 million in the same period. [87] After Super Tuesday, Obama won the eleven remaining February primaries and caucuses. [88] Obama and Clinton split delegates and states nearly equally in the March 4th contests of Vermont, Texas, Ohio, and Rhode Island; Obama closed the month with victories in Wyoming and Mississippi. The 2008 Vermont Democratic primary took place on March 4, 2008. The 2008 Texas Democratic primary and caucuses were a series of events designed to determine the Delegates that the Texas Democratic Party will send to the 2008 The 2008 Ohio Democratic primary took place on March 4, 2008 and was open to registered Democrats and Independents. The 2008 Rhode Island Democratic primary took place on March 4, 2008. The 2008 Mississippi Democratic primary took place on March 11, 2008. [89]
In March 2008, a controversy broke out concerning Obama's pastor of 23 years, Jeremiah Wright. The Jeremiah Wright controversy gained national attention in March 2008 when ABC News, after reviewing dozens of Jeremiah Wright 's sermons Wright is a retired Jeremiah Alvesta Wright Jr (born September 22 1941 is the former Pastor Emeritus of the Trinity United Church of Christ (TUCC a Megachurch in Chicago [90] After ABC News broadcast clips of his racially- and politically-charged sermons,[90][91] Obama responded by condemning Wright's remarks and ending Wright's relationship with the campaign. A media clip is a short segment of media either an Audio clip or a Video clip. [92] Obama delivered a speech, during the controversy, entitled "A More Perfect Union"[93] that addressed issues of race. "A More Perfect Union" Speaking before an audience at the National Constitution Center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on March 18 of that year After Wright reiterated some of his remarks in a speech at the National Press Club,[94] Obama strongly denounced Wright, who he said "[presented] a world view that contradicts who I am and what I stand for. The National Press Club is one of the world's leading professional organizations for journalists "[95] Obama resigned from Trinity on May 31, 2008, after Catholic priest Michael Pfleger gave a guest oratory that disparaged Hillary Clinton. Events 1279 BC - Rameses II (The Great (19th dynasty becomes pharaoh of Ancient Egypt. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Michael Louis Pfleger (born May 22, 1949) is a Roman Catholic priest and social activist in Chicago, Illinois. Obama stated his resignation was to avoid an impression that he endorsed the entire range of opinions expressed at that church. [96][97]
During April, May, and June, Pennsylvania, North Carolina, Indiana, West Virginia, Kentucky, Oregon, Puerto Rico, Montana, and South Dakota held primaries; Obama won North Carolina, Oregon, and Montana, and Clinton won the rest, with an aggregate result of Obama remaining ahead in pledged delegates after these contests. The 2008 Democratic primary in Pennsylvania was held on April 22 by the Pennsylvania Department of State in which voters chose their preference for the Democratic The 2008 Democratic presidential primary in North Carolina took place on May 6, 2008. The 2008 Indiana Democratic primary took place on May 6, 2008. The 2008 West Virginia Democratic primary took place on May 13, 2008 with polls closing at 730 p The 2008 Kentucky Democratic primary took place on May 20, 2008. The 2008 Oregon Democratic primary was a mail-only primary in the U The 2008 Puerto Rico Democratic primary took place on June 1, 2008. The 2008 Montana Democratic primary took place on June 3, 2008. The 2008 South Dakota Democratic primary took place on June 3, 2008. During the same period, Obama received endorsements from more superdelegates than did Clinton. [98] On May 31, the Democratic National Committee agreed to seat half of the Michigan and Florida delegates at the national convention, narrowing the delegate gap between Clinton and Obama, and increasing the number of delegates needed to win the nomination. Events 1279 BC - Rameses II (The Great (19th dynasty becomes pharaoh of Ancient Egypt. The Democratic National Committee (DNC is the principal organization governing the United States Democratic Party on a day to day basis Michigan ( is a Midwestern state of the United States of America. Florida ( is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States, bordering Alabama to the northwest and Georgia to the [99] On June 3, with all states counted, Obama passed the 2118 delegate mark and became the Democratic presumptive nominee. Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman Emperor, entering In Politics, the presumptive nominee is a political Candidate who is all but assured of his or her party's Nomination, but has not yet been formally nominated [100] On that day, he gave a victory speech in St. Paul, Minnesota, paying tribute to his rival Clinton, who suspended her campaign and endorsed him on June 7. [101] Obama is the first African American to be the presumptive nominee of a major political party. African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa [102]
Political positions
- See also: Political positions of Barack Obama
On the role of government in economic affairs, Obama has written: "We should be asking ourselves what mix of policies will lead to a dynamic free market and widespread economic security, entrepreneurial innovation and upward mobility [. States Senate|US Senator]] Barack Obama ( D - IL) a candidate and the Nominee of the Democratic Party in the 2008 U A free market is a Market in which property rights are voluntarily exchanged at a price arranged completely by the mutual consent of sellers and buyers See also Economic mobility Social mobility is the degree to which in a given society an individual's family's or group's social status . . ] we should be guided by what works. "[103] Speaking before the National Press Club in April 2005, he defended the New Deal social welfare policies of Franklin D. Roosevelt, associating Republican proposals to establish private accounts for Social Security with social Darwinism. The National Press Club is one of the world's leading professional organizations for journalists This article concerns proposals to change the Social Security system in the United States. Social Darwinism is a theory that competition among all individuals groups nations or ideas drives Social evolution in human societies [104] In the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, Obama spoke out against government indifference to growing economic class divisions, calling on both political parties to take action to restore the social safety net for the poor. Hurricane Katrina of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season was the costliest hurricane, as well as one of the five deadliest in the history of the United States The social safety net is a term used to describe a collection of services provided by The state, such as welfare, Unemployment benefit, Universal healthcare [105] Shortly before announcing his presidential campaign, Obama told the health care advocacy group Families USA that he supports universal healthcare in the United States [106], the same kind of health care that Members of Congress give themselves[107]. Families USA is a liberal-leaning American non-profit consumer health-care Advocacy organization Universal health care is health care coverage which is extended to all eligible residents of a governmental region
CQ Weekly, a nonpartisan publication, characterized him as a "loyal Democrat" based on analysis of all Senate votes in 2005–2007, and the National Journal ranked him as the "most liberal" senator based on an assessment of selected votes during 2007, 10th for 2006, and 16th for 2005. Conway is a city in Horry County, South Carolina, United States. South Carolina ( is a state in the southern region ( Deep South) of the United States of America. Congressional Quarterly Inc, or CQ, is a privately owned publishing company that produces a number of publications reporting primarily on the United States Congress National Journal is a weekly magazine that reports on the current political environment and emerging political and policy trends [109][110] Asked about the Journal's characterization of his voting record, Obama expressed doubts about the survey's methodology, blaming "old politics" labeling of political positions as "conservative" or "liberal" for creating predispositions that prevent problem-solving. [111] A standard method that political scientists use for gauging ideology is to compare the annual ratings by the Americans for Democratic Action (ADA) with the ratings by the American Conservative Union (ACU). Americans for Democratic Action ( ADA) is an American political organization advocating liberal policies. The American Conservative Union ( ACU) is an American political organization advocating conservative policies. [112] Based on his years in Congress (i. e. 2005, 2006, and 2007), Senator Obama has a lifetime average conservative rating of 7. 67% from the ACU,[113] and a lifetime average liberal rating of 90% from the ADA. [114]
Campaigning in New Hampshire, Obama announced an $18 billion plan for investments in early childhood education, math and science education, and expanded summer learning opportunities. [115] Obama's campaign distinguished his proposals to reward teachers for performance from traditional merit pay systems, assuring unions that changes would be pursued through the collective bargaining process. Merit pay is a term describing Performance-related pay, most frequently in the context of Educational reform. Collective bargaining is the process whereby workers organize together to meet converse and compromise upon the work environment with their employers [116]
At the Tax Policy Center in September 2007, he blamed special interests for distorting the U.S. tax code. The Tax Policy Center ( TPC) is a joint venture of the Brookings Institution and the Urban Institute, based in Washington D An interest group (also advocacy group, lobby group, pressure group or special interest group) is an organized collection of people who seek Taxation in the United States is a complex system which may involve payment to at least four different levels of government and many methods of taxation [117] His plan would eliminate taxes for senior citizens with incomes of less than $50,000 a year, repeal income tax cuts for those making over $250,000 as well as the capital gains and dividends tax cut,[118] close corporate tax loopholes, lift the $102,000 cap on Social Security taxes, restrict offshore tax havens, and simplify filing of income tax returns by pre-filling wage and bank information already collected by the IRS. A tax haven is a place where certain Taxes are levied at a low rate or not at all The [119] Announcing his presidential campaign's energy plan in October 2007, Obama proposed a cap and trade auction system to restrict carbon emissions and a 10 year program of investments in new energy sources to reduce U. Emissions trading (or emission trading) is an administrative approach used to control Pollution by providing economic Incentives for S. dependence on imported oil. [120] Obama proposed that all pollution credits must be auctioned, with no grandfathering of credits for oil and gas companies, and the spending of the revenue obtained on energy development and economic transition costs. A grandfather clause is a term used in US English for an exception that allows an old rule to continue to apply to some existing situations when a new rule will apply to all future situations [121]
Obama was an early opponent of the Bush administration's policies on Iraq. [122] On October 2, 2002, the day President Bush and Congress agreed on the joint resolution authorizing the Iraq War,[123] Obama addressed the first high-profile Chicago anti-Iraq War rally in Federal Plaza,[124] speaking out against the war. Events 1187 - Siege of Jerusalem: Saladin captures Jerusalem after 88 years of Crusader rule See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States. The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses " Iraq Resolution " and " Iraq War Resolution " are popular names for the Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 2002 There have been considerable protests against the Iraq War in the buildup to and following the 2003 invasion of Iraq. The Kluczynski Federal Building is a Skyscraper in downtown Chicago. [125] On March 16, 2003, the day President Bush issued his 48-hour ultimatum to Saddam Hussein to leave Iraq before the U. Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. An ultimatum (the last one is a Demand whose fulfillment is requested in a specified period of time and which is backed up by a threat to be followed through in case Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti ( Arabic: ar صدام حسين عبد المجيد التكريتي --> April 28 1937 &ndash December 30 S. invasion of Iraq,[126] Obama addressed the largest Chicago anti-Iraq War rally to date in Daley Plaza and told the crowd "It's not too late" to stop the war. The 2003 invasion of Iraq, from March 20 to May 1 2003 was spearheaded by the United States, backed by British forces and smaller contingents from Australia Building features The Richard J Daley Center houses more than 120 court and hearing rooms as well as the official law library of the City of Chicago [127]
Obama sought to make his early public opposition to the Iraq War before it started a major issue in his 2004 U. S. Senate campaign to distinguish himself from his Democratic primary rivals who supported the resolution authorizing the Iraq War,[128] and in his 2008 U. S. Presidential campaign, to distinguish himself from four Democratic primary rivals who voted for the resolution authorizing the war (Senators Clinton, Edwards, Biden, and Dodd). Johnny Reid "John" Edwards (born June 10 1953 Christopher John Dodd (born May 27, 1944) is an American Lawyer and Democratic Politician, who is currently serving [129]
Speaking to the Chicago Council on Global Affairs in November 2006, Obama called for a "phased redeployment of U. New Hampshire ( is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. Chicago Council on Global Affairs, founded in 1922 as The Chicago Council on Foreign Relations, is a leading independent nonpartisan organization committed to influencing the S. troops from Iraq" and an opening of diplomatic dialogue with Syria and Iran. Syria ( سوريّة or) officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic ar الجمهورية العربية السورية For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. [130] In a March 2007 speech to AIPAC, a pro-Israel lobby, he said that the primary way to prevent Iran from developing nuclear weapons is through talks and diplomacy, although not ruling out military action. The American Israel Public Affairs Committee ( AIPAC) is an American Lobbying group that advocates for pro- Israel policies to the Congress and The Israel lobby in the United States is a term used to describe the loose coalition of groups and individuals who attempt to influence American foreign policy in support of Israel and [131] Obama has indicated that he would engage in "direct presidential diplomacy" with Iran without preconditions. [132][133][134] Detailing his strategy for fighting global terrorism in August 2007, Obama said "it was a terrible mistake to fail to act" against a 2005 meeting of al-Qaeda leaders that U. S. intelligence had confirmed to be taking place in Pakistan's Federally Administered Tribal Areas. The Federally Administered Tribal Areas ( FATA) in Pakistan are areas outside the four provinces bordering Afghanistan, comprising a region He said that as president he would not miss a similar opportunity, even without the support of the Pakistani government. [135]
In a December 2005 Washington Post opinion column, and at the Save Darfur rally in April 2006, Obama called for more assertive action to oppose genocide in the Darfur region of Sudan. The Save Darfur Coalition is a US-based advocacy group calling for international intervention in the Darfur conflict in the Eastern African state of Sudan. Genocide is the deliberate and systematic destruction in whole or in part of an ethnic racial religious or national group The War in Darfur is a military conflict in the Darfur region of western Sudan. Sudan (officially the Republic of Sudan) ( السودان al-Sūdān is a country in northeastern Africa. [136] He has divested $180,000 in personal holdings of Sudan-related stock, and has urged divestment from companies doing business in Iran. In Finance and Economics, divestment or divestiture is the reduction of some kind of Asset for either financial goals or ethical objectives [137] In the July–August 2007 issue of Foreign Affairs, Obama called for an outward looking post-Iraq War foreign policy and the renewal of American military, diplomatic, and moral leadership in the world. Foreign Affairs is an influential American Journal on International relations published by the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR Saying "we can neither retreat from the world nor try to bully it into submission," he called on Americans to "lead the world, by deed and by example. "[138]
Obama has encouraged Democrats to reach out to evangelicals and other religious groups. Evangelicalism is a theological movement tradition and system of beliefs most closely associated with Protestant Christianity, which identifies with the Gospel [139] In December 2006, he joined Sen. Sam Brownback (R-KS) at the "Global Summit on AIDS and the Church" organized by church leaders Kay and Rick Warren. Samuel Dale Brownback (born September 12 1956) is the senior United States Senator from the U Richard D "Rick" Warren (born January 28, 1954) is the founder and senior pastor of the Saddleback Church in Lake Forest California [140] Together with Warren and Brownback, Obama took an HIV test, as he had done in Kenya less than four months earlier. [141] He encouraged "others in public life to do the same" and not be ashamed of it. [142] Before the conference, 18 anti-abortion groups published an open letter stating, in reference to Obama's support for legal abortion: "In the strongest possible terms, we oppose Rick Warren's decision to ignore Senator Obama's clear pro-death stance and invite him to Saddleback Church anyway. An open letter is a letter that is intended to be read by a wide audience or a letter intended for an individual but that is nonetheless widely distributed intentionally Overview See also Ethical aspects of abortion Pro-life individuals generally believe that human life should be valued either from conception or Implantation Saddleback Church is an Evangelical Christian Megachurch located in Lake Forest California, situated in southern Orange County, affiliated with "[143] Addressing over 8,000 United Church of Christ members in June 2007, Obama challenged "so-called leaders of the Christian Right" for being "all too eager to exploit what divides us. The United Church of Christ ( UCC) is a mainline Protestant Christian denomination principally in the United States, "[144]
Obama made several statements in a campaign video released in October 2007 related to defense spending and nuclear weapons. In addition to promising to end the war in Iraq, Obama stated that he will enact budget cuts in the range of tens of billions of dollars. He stated that he will stop investing in missile defense systems, that he will not weaponize space, that he will "slow development of future combat systems," and that he would work towards a world without nuclear weapons. To achieve this goal, Obama wishes to end development of new nuclear weapons, to reduce the current U. S. nuclear stockpile, to enact a global ban on production of fissile material, and to seek negotiations with Russia in order to take ICBMs off high alert status. [145]
Obama is a sponsor of the Global Poverty Act, which "requires the President to develop and implement a comprehensive policy to cut extreme global poverty in half by 2015 through aid, trade, debt relief, and coordination with the international community, businesses and NGOs. " [146]. The legislation, if approved, dedicates 0. 7 percent of the U. S. gross national product to foreign aid, which over 13 years he said would amount to $845 billion over and above what the U. S. already spends. [147]
Personal life
Obama grew up with his half-sister Maya Kassandra Soetoro, the daughter his mother had with her second husband. Maya Kassandra Soetoro-Ng ( born August 15 1970 in Jakarta, Indonesia) is the Half sister of 2008 United States Democratic Party Obama also has seven other half-siblings; his father had six other sons and one daughter. [148] Obama met his wife, Michelle Robinson, in June 1989 when he was employed as a summer associate at the Chicago law firm of Sidley Austin. Michelle LaVaughn Robinson Obama (born January 17 1964 is an American Lawyer and the wife of Illinois Senator Barack Obama, the Sidley Austin LLP, formerly known as Sidley Austin Brown & Wood LLP is one of the oldest law firms in the world [149] Assigned for three months as Obama's adviser at the firm, Robinson joined him at group social functions, but declined his initial offers to date. [150] They began dating later that summer, became engaged in 1991, and were married on October 3, 1992. Events 42 BC - First Battle of Philippi: Triumvirs Mark Antony and Octavian fight an indecisive battle with Caesar's Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) [151] The couple's first daughter, Malia Ann, was born in 1998, followed by a second daughter, Natasha ("Sasha"), in 2001. [152]
Applying the proceeds of a book deal,[154] the family moved from a Hyde Park, Chicago condominium to their current $1. History (Hyde Park Paul Cornell a successful businessman real-estate speculator and Abolitionist, purchased of land between 51st and 55th Streets along the Lake 6 million house in neighboring Kenwood. Notable residents Notable Kenwood residents have included Muhammad Ali Bill Ayers Louis Farrakhan [155] The land adjacent to their house was simultaneously sold to the wife of developer Tony Rezko. Antoin "Tony" Rezko (born 1955 in Aleppo, Syria) is an American political fundraiser Restauranteur, and Real estate Although Obama was never accused of wrongdoing, the transaction later drew scrutiny by media over Obama's dealings with Rezko, who had been a fundraiser for Obama and who was under indictment for corruption charges. [156] In December 2007, Money magazine estimated the Obama family's net worth at $1. Money is a Time Inc Personal finance magazine Its first issue was published in October 1972 3 million. [157] Their 2007 tax return showed a household income of $4. 2 million, up from about $1 million in 2006 and $1. 6 million in 2005, mostly from sales of his books. [158]
Obama plays basketball, a sport he participated in as a member of his high school's varsity team. [159] Before announcing his presidential candidacy, he began a well-publicized effort to quit smoking. "I've never been a heavy smoker," Obama told the Chicago Tribune. "I've quit periodically over the last several years. I've got an ironclad demand from my wife that in the stresses of the campaign I do not succumb. I've been chewing Nicorette strenuously. Nicorette is a branded over-the-counter Palliative treatment which is used to ameliorate the Withdrawal effects involved in quitting smoking. "[160] Replying to an Associated Press survey of 2008 presidential candidates' personal tastes, he specified "architect" as his alternate career choice and "chili" as his favorite meal to cook. [161] Asked to name a "hidden talent," Obama answered: "I'm a pretty good poker player. "[162]
In The Audacity of Hope, Obama writes that he "was not raised in a religious household. " He describes his mother, raised by non-religious parents, as detached from religion, yet "in many ways the most spiritually awakened person that I have ever known. " He describes his Kenyan father as "raised a Muslim," but a "confirmed atheist" by the time his parents met, and his Indonesian stepfather as "a man who saw religion as not particularly useful. " In the book, Obama explains how, through working with black churches as a community organizer while in his twenties, he came to understand "the power of the African-American religious tradition to spur social change. The term black church or African American church refers to predominantly African-American Christian churches that minister to predominantly black congregations "[163]
Books
Obama's first book, Dreams from My Father: A Story of Race and Inheritance, was published before his first run for political office. Dreams from My Father A Story of Race and Inheritance is a Memoir by 2008 United States Presidential candidate Barack Obama of Illinois The Audacity of Hope Thoughts on Reclaiming the American Dream is the second book written by US Senator Barack Obama. In it he recalls his childhood in Honolulu and Jakarta, college years in Los Angeles and New York City, and his employment as a community organizer in Chicago in the 1980s. The book's last few chapters describe his first visit to Kenya, a journey to connect with his Luo family and heritage. The Luo (also called Jaluo and Joluo) are an ethnic group in Kenya, eastern Uganda, and northern Tanzania. In the preface to the 2004 revised edition, Obama explains that he had hoped the story of his family "might speak in some way to the fissures of race that have characterized the American experience. "[164] In a 1995 review, novelist Paul Watkins wrote that Dreams "persuasively describes the phenomenon of belonging to two different worlds, and thus belonging to neither. Paul Watkins (born 1964 is an American author who currently lives with his wife and two children in East Windsor New Jersey. "[165] The audiobook edition earned Obama the Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album of 2006. The Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album has been awarded since 1959. [166]
His second book, The Audacity of Hope: Thoughts on Reclaiming the American Dream, was published in October 2006 and soon rose to the top of the New York Times Best Seller hardcover list. The New York Times Best Seller List is widely considered to be the preeminent list of best-selling books in the United States. [167] Its title came from a sermon delivered by Obama's former pastor, Jeremiah Wright. Jeremiah Alvesta Wright Jr (born September 22 1941 is the former Pastor Emeritus of the Trinity United Church of Christ (TUCC a Megachurch in Chicago The paperback edition currently ranks fourth on The New York Times nonfiction list. [168] The Chicago Tribune credits large crowds that gathered at book signings with influencing Obama's decision to run for president. [169] Former U. S. presidential candidate Gary Hart said the book's self-portrayal presents "a man of relative youth yet maturity, a wise observer of the human condition, a figure who possesses perseverance and writing skills that have flashes of grandeur. For the football player see Gary Hart (footballer. Gary Hart (born Gary Warren Hartpence, November 28, 1936 "[170] Reviewer Michael Tomasky writes that it does not contain "boldly innovative policy prescriptions that will lead the Democrats out of their wilderness," but does show Obama's potential to "construct a new politics that is progressive but grounded in civic traditions that speak to a wider range of Americans. Michael Tomasky is a liberal American columnist Journalist and Author. "[171] In February 2008, he won a Grammy award for the spoken word edition of Audacity. The Grammy Awards (originally called the Gramophone Awards)—or Grammys —are presented annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences [166] Foreign language editions of the book have been published in Italian, Spanish, German, French, Danish and Greek. [172] The Italian edition was published in April 2007 with a preface by Walter Veltroni,[173] former Mayor of Rome, currently leader of Italy's Democratic Party and one of Obama's earliest supporters overseas. Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. Walter Veltroni (born July 3, 1955) is an Italian Writer, Journalist and Politician, leader of the Democratic Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest The Democratic Party ( Partito Democratico, PD is a Centre-left political party in Italy. [174]
Barack Obama is reportedly writing a children's book. [175]
Cultural and political image
Supporters, critics, and Obama himself have likened Obama's popular image to a cultural Rorschach test, a neutral persona on whom people can project their personal histories and aspirations. Please do not add more images or reposition the current onePlease do not remove the image [176] Obama's own stories about his family origins reinforce what a May 2004 New Yorker magazine article described as his "everyman" image. The New Yorker is an American Magazine that publishes reportage commentary criticism essays fiction satire cartoons and poetry In literature and drama the term everyman has come to mean an ordinary individual with whom the audience or reader is supposed to be able to identify easily and who is often placed [177] In Dreams from My Father, he ties his maternal family history to possible Native American ancestors and distant relatives of Jefferson Davis, president of the southern Confederacy during the American Civil War. Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States Jefferson Finis Davis ( June 3, 1808 &ndash December 6, 1889) was an American politician who served as President of the The Confederate States of America (also called the Confederacy, the Confederate States, and CSA) formed as the government set up from 1861 Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South [178] Speaking to Jewish audiences during his 2004 campaign for U. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ S. Senate, he linked the linguistic root of his East African first name Barack to the Hebrew word baruch, meaning "blessed. East Africa is the Easternmost Region of the African Continent. "[179] In an October 2006 interview on The Oprah Winfrey Show, Obama highlighted the diversity of his extended family: "Michelle will tell you that when we get together for Christmas or Thanksgiving, it's like a little mini-United Nations," he said. The Oprah Winfrey Show is a United States syndicated Talk show, hosted and produced by its namesake Oprah Winfrey, and is the highest-rated The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security "I've got relatives who look like Bernie Mac, and I've got relatives who look like Margaret Thatcher. Bernard Jeffrey McCullough (October 5 1957 &ndash August 9 2008 better known by the stage name Bernie Mac, was an American Actor and Comedian Margaret Hilda Thatcher Baroness Thatcher LG, OM, PC, FRS (born 13 October 1925 We've got it all. "[180]
With his Kenyan father and American mother, his upbringing in Honolulu and Jakarta, and his Ivy League education, Obama's early life experiences differ markedly from those of African American politicians who launched their careers in the 1960s through participation in the civil rights movement. The Ivy League is an Athletic conference comprising eight private institutions of higher education in the Northeastern United States. The American Civil Rights Movement (1955–1968 refers to the reform movements in the United States aimed at abolishing racial discrimination against African [181] In January 2007, The End of Blackness author Debra Dickerson warned against drawing favorable cultural implications from Obama's political rise: "Lumping us all together," Dickerson wrote in Salon, "erases the significance of slavery and continuing racism while giving the appearance of progress. Debra J Dickerson (born 1959 is an American Author, editor, Writer, and current contributing writer and Blogger for Mother Saloncom, part of Salon Media Group ( often just called Salon, is an online Slavery in the United States began soon after English colonists first settled Virginia in 1607 and lasted until the passage of the Thirteenth Racism in the United States has been a major issue since the colonial era "[182] Film critic David Ehrenstein, writing in a March 2007 Los Angeles Times article, compared the cultural sources of Obama's favorable polling among whites to those of "magical Negro" roles played by black actors in Hollywood movies. David Ehrenstein (born February 18, 1947, in New York City) is an American Critic who focuses primarily on issues of Homosexuality The Los Angeles Times (also known as the LA Times) is a daily Newspaper published in Los Angeles California and distributed The magical negro (sometimes called the mystical negro or magic negro) is a term generally used to describe a supporting often mystical Stock character United States cinema has had a profound effect on cinema across the world since the early 20th century [183] Expressing puzzlement over questions about whether he is "black enough," Obama told an August 2007 meeting of the National Association of Black Journalists that the debate is not about his physical appearance or his record on issues of concern to black voters. The National Association of Black Journalists (NABJ was founded in 1975 by 44 men and women in Washington D Obama said, "we're still locked in this notion that if you appeal to white folks then there must be something wrong. "[184]
Writing about Obama's political image in a March 2007 Washington Post opinion column, Eugene Robinson characterized him as "the personification of both-and," a messenger who rejects "either-or" political choices, and could "move the nation beyond the culture wars" of the 1960s. Eugene H Robinson (born 1955) is a newspaper columnist and assistant managing editor for The Washington Post. The culture war (or culture wars) in American usage is a metaphor used to claim that political conflict is based on sets of conflicting values [185] Obama, who defines himself in The Audacity of Hope as "a Democrat, after all," has been criticized by progressive commentator David Sirota for demonstrating too much "Senate clubbiness", and was encouraged to run for the U. In US history the term Progressivism refers to a broadly based reform movement that reached its height early in the 20th century David J Sirota (born 1975) is an American political figure and Commentator. S. presidency by conservative columnist George Will. Conservatism in the United States includes a variety of political ideologies including Fiscal conservatism, Supply-side economics, Social conservatism George Frederick Will (born May 4, 1941) is a Pulitzer Prize -winning conservative American newspaper Columnist, journalist [186] But in a December 2006 Wall Street Journal editorial headlined "The Man from Nowhere," Ronald Reagan speech writer Peggy Noonan advised Will and other "establishment" commentators to avoid becoming too quickly excited about Obama's still early political career. Peggy Noonan (born Margaret Ellen Noonan on September 7, 1950, in Brooklyn New York) is an author of seven books on politics religion and culture The Establishment is a Pejorative term used to refer to the traditional Ruling class Elite and the structures of society that they control [187] Echoing the inaugural address of John F. Kennedy, Obama acknowledged his youthful image, saying in an October 2007 campaign speech, "I wouldn't be here if, time and again, the torch had not been passed to a new generation. US President John F Kennedy made his only Inaugural address at 1251 ( ET) Friday January 20, 1961, "[188]
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- ^ a b Scharnberg, Kirsten; Kim Barker. "The Not-So-Simple Story of Barack Obama's Youth", Chicago Tribune, March 25, 2007. Events 1199 - Richard I is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting France which leads to his death on April 6. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-04-13. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1111 - Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. 1204 - The Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople Meet Barack. BarackObama. com. Retrieved on 2008-04-13. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1111 - Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. 1204 - The Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople See also: Obama (1995), Chapter 1.
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- ^ a b c d e f Chassie, Karen (ed. ) (2007). Who's Who in America, 2008. New Providence, NJ: Marquis Who's Who, p. 3468. ISBN 9780837970110. Retrieved on 2008-06-06. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1508 - Maximilian I Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year
- ^ Scott, Janny. "Obama's Account of New York Years Often Differs from What Others Say", The New York Times, October 30, 2007. Events 637 - Antioch surrenders to the Muslim forces under Rashidun Caliphate after the Battle of Iron bridge. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-04-13. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1111 - Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. 1204 - The Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople Obama (1995), pp. 133–140; Mendell (2007), pp. 62–63.
- ^ Secter, Bob; McCormick, John. "Portrait of a pragmatist", Chicago Tribune, March 30, 2007, p. 1. Retrieved on 2008-06-06. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1508 - Maximilian I Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year Lizza, Ryan. "The Agitator: Barack Obama's Unlikely Political Education" (alternate link), New Republic, March 19, 2007. Retrieved on 2008-04-13. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1111 - Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. 1204 - The Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople Obama (1995), pp. 140–295; Mendell (2007), pp. 63–83.
- ^ Matchan, Linda. "A Law Review breakthrough" (paid archive), The Boston Globe, February 15, 1990, p. 29. Retrieved on 2008-06-06. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1508 - Maximilian I Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year Corr, John. "From mean streets to hallowed halls" (paid archive), The Philadelphia Inquirer, February 27, 1990, p. C01. Retrieved on 2008-06-06. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1508 - Maximilian I Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year
- ^ Obama, Barack (August-September 1988). "Why organize? Problems and promise in the inner city". Illinois Issues 14 (8–9): 40–42. reprinted in: Knoepfle, Peg (ed. ) (1990). After Alinsky: community organizing in Illinois. Springfield, IL: Sangamon State University, pp. 35–40. ISBN 0962087335. Tayler, Letta; Herbert, Keith. "Obama forged path as Chicago community organizer", Newsday, March 2, 2008, p. A06. Retrieved on 2008-06-06. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1508 - Maximilian I Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year
- ^ Obama (1995), pp. 299–437.
- ^ Levenson, Michael; Jonathan Saltzman. "At Harvard Law, a Unifying Voice", Boston Globe, January 28, 2007. Events 1077 - Walk to Canossa: The Excommunication of Henry IV Holy Roman Emperor is lifted Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-04-13. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1111 - Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. 1204 - The Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople See also: Heilemann, John. "When They Were Young", The New York Magazine, October 22, 2007. Events 202 BC - Hannibal Barca, leader of the Carthaginians, is defeated by the Roman legions under Scipio Africanus Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-04-13. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1111 - Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. 1204 - The Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople
- ^ Butterfield, Fox. "First black elected to head Harvard's Law Review", The New York Times, February 6, 1990, p. A20. Retrieved on 2008-05-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1194 - King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter. Ybarra, Michael J. . "Activist in Chicago now heads Harvard Law Review" (paid archive), Chicago Tribune, February 7, 1990, p. 3. Retrieved on 2008-05-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1194 - King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter. Matchan, Linda. "A Law Review breakthrough" (paid archive), The Boston Globe, February 15, 1990, p. 29. Retrieved on 2008-05-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1194 - King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter. Corr, John. "From mean streets to hallowed halls" (paid archive), The Philadelphia Inquirer, February 27, 1990, p. C01. Retrieved on 2008-05-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1194 - King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter. Drummond, Tammerlin. "Barack Obama's Law; Harvard Law Review's first black president plans a life of public service" (paid archive), Los Angeles Times, March 12, 1990, p. E1. Retrieved on 2008-05-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1194 - King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter. Pugh, Allison J. (Associated Press). "Law Review's first black president aims to help poor" (paid archive), The Miami Herald, April 18, 1990, p. C01. Retrieved on 2008-05-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1194 - King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter. See also: Kantor, Jodi. "In law school, Obama found political voice", The New York Times, January 28, 2007, p. 1. Retrieved on 2008-05-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1194 - King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter. Mendell (2007), pp. 80–92.
- ^ Kodama, Marie C. "Obama Left Mark on HLS", Harvard Crimson, January 19, 2007. Events 1419 - Hundred Years' War: Rouen surrenders to Henry V of England completing his reconquest of Normandy. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-04-13. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1111 - Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. 1204 - The Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople See also: Obama (1995), p. xiii.
- ^ White, Jesse (ed. ) (2000). Illinois Blue Book, 2000, Millennium ed.. Springfield, IL: Illinois Secretary of State, p. 83. OCLC 43923973. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose Retrieved on 2008-06-06. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1508 - Maximilian I Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year
- ^ Jarrett, Vernon. "'Project Vote' brings power to the people" (paid archive), Chicago Sun-Times, August 11, 1992, p. 23. Retrieved on 2008-06-06. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1508 - Maximilian I Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year Reynolds, Gretchen (January 1993). "Vote of Confidence". Chicago 42 (1): 53-54. Chicago is a monthly magazine published by the Tribune Company. Anderson, Veronica (September 27-October 3, 1993). "40 under Forty: Barack Obama, Director, Illinois Project Vote". Crain's Chicago Business 16 (39). Crain Communications Inc is a major publishing conglomerate based in Detroit Michigan.
- ^ University of Chicago Law School (March 27, 2008). Statement regarding Barack Obama. University of Chicago Law School. Retrieved on 2008-06-10. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1190 - Third Crusade: Frederick I Barbarossa drowns in the Sally River while leading an army to Jerusalem Miller, Joe (March 28, 2008). Was Barack Obama really a constitutional law professor?. FactCheck. org. Retrieved on 2008-06-10. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1190 - Third Crusade: Frederick I Barbarossa drowns in the Sally River while leading an army to Jerusalem Holan, Angie Drobnic (March 7, 2008). Obama's 20 years of experience. PolitiFact. com. Retrieved on 2008-06-10. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1190 - Third Crusade: Frederick I Barbarossa drowns in the Sally River while leading an army to Jerusalem
- ^ "Law Graduate Obama Got His Start in Civil Rights Practice", Associated Press, International Herald Tribune, February 19, 2007. Events 197 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus defeats usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-01-04. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 46 BC - Titus Labienus defeats Julius Caesar in the Battle of Ruspina.
- ^ a b Moran, Dan. "Obama's lawyer days: brief and not all civil rights", Los Angeles Times, 2008-04-08. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 217 - Roman Emperor Caracalla is Assassinated (and succeeded by his Praetorian Retrieved on 2008-04-15. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1450 - Battle of Formigny: Toward the end of the Hundred Years' War, the French attack and nearly annihilate English
- ^ Public Allies (2008). Fact Sheet on Public Allies’ History with Senator Barack and Michelle Obama. Public Allies. Public Allies is an American non-profit largely taxpayer-funded organization dedicated to youth leadership development Retrieved on 2008-06-06. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1508 - Maximilian I Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year
- ^ Jackson, David; Ray Long. "Obama Knows His Way Around a Ballot", Chicago Tribune, April 3, 2007. Events 1043 - Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-01-14. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes. White, Jesse (2001). Jesse White (born June 23, 1934) is a Democratic American politician. "Legislative Districts of Cook County, 1991 Reapportionment", Illinois Blue Book 2001–2002. Springfield: Illinois Secretary of State, p. The Secretary of State of Illinois is the keeper of the official records laws and Great Seal of Illinois. 65. State Sen. District 13 = State Rep. Districts 25 & 26.
- ^ Slevin, Peter. "Obama Forged Political Mettle in Illinois Capitol", Washington Post, February 9, 2007. Events 474 - Zeno crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-04-20. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1303 - The University of Rome La Sapienza is instituted by Pope Boniface VIII. Helman, Scott. "In Illinois, Obama Dealt with Lobbyists", Boston Globe, September 23, 2007. Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-04-20. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1303 - The University of Rome La Sapienza is instituted by Pope Boniface VIII. See also: "Obama Record May Be Gold Mine for Critics", Associated Press, CBS News, January 17, 2007. Events 38 BC - Octavian marries Livia Drusilla. 1287 - King Alfonso III of Aragon invades Minorca Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-04-20. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1303 - The University of Rome La Sapienza is instituted by Pope Boniface VIII. "In-Depth Look at Obama's Political Career" (video), CLTV, Chicago Tribune, February 9, 2007. Events 474 - Zeno crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-04-20. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1303 - The University of Rome La Sapienza is instituted by Pope Boniface VIII.
- ^ a b Scott, Janny. "In Illinois, Obama Proved Pragmatic and Shrewd", The New York Times, July 30, 2007. Events 1419 - First Defenestration of Prague. 1502 - Christopher Columbus lands at Guanaja in the Bay Islands off Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-04-20. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1303 - The University of Rome La Sapienza is instituted by Pope Boniface VIII. See also: Pearson, Rick; Ray Long. "Careful Steps, Looking Ahead", Chicago Tribune, May 3, 2007. Events 1491 - Kongo monarch Nkuwu Nzinga is baptised by Portuguese missionaries adopting the baptismal name of João Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-04-20. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1303 - The University of Rome La Sapienza is instituted by Pope Boniface VIII.
- ^ Allison, Melissa. "State takes on predatory lending; Rules would halt single-premium life insurance financing", Chicago Tribune, December 15, 2000, p. 1 (Business). Retrieved on 2008-06-01. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected Long, Ray; Allison, Melissa. "Illinois OKs predatory loan curbs; State aims to avert home foreclosures", Chicago Tribune, April 18, 2001, p. 1. Retrieved on 2008-06-01. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected
- ^ Tavella, Anne Marie. "Profiling, taping plans pass Senate", Daily Herald, April 14, 2003, p. 17. Retrieved on 2008-06-01. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected Haynes, V. Dion. "Fight racial profiling at local level, lawmaker says; U.S. guidelines get mixed review", Chicago Tribune, June 29, 2003, p. 8. Retrieved on 2008-06-01. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected Pearson, Rick. "Taped confessions to be law; State will be 1st to pass legislation", Chicago Tribune, July 17, 2003, p. 1 (Metro). Retrieved on 2008-06-01. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected
- ^ 13th District: Barack Obama (archive). Illinois State Senate Democrats (August 24, 2000). Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar 's General Gaius Scribonius Curio is defeated in the Second Battle of the Bagradas River 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Archived from the original on 2000-04-12. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Events 467 - Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Retrieved on 2008-04-20. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1303 - The University of Rome La Sapienza is instituted by Pope Boniface VIII. 13th District: Barack Obama (archive). Illinois State Senate Democrats (October 9, 2004). Events 768 - Carloman I and Charlemagne are crowned Kings of The Franks. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Archived from the original on 2004-08-02. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 338 BC - A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Retrieved on 2008-04-20. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1303 - The University of Rome La Sapienza is instituted by Pope Boniface VIII.
- ^ Federal Elections 2000: U.S. House Results - Illinois. Federal Election Commission. The Federal Election Commission (or FEC) is an independent regulatory agency that was founded in 1975 by the United States Congress to regulate the Retrieved on 2008-04-24. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1479 BC - Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to . See also: Obama's Loss May Have Aided White House Bid. and Scott, Janny. "A Streetwise Veteran Schooled Young Obama", The New York Times, September 9, 2007. Events 1000 - Battle of Svolder, Viking Age. 1379 - Treaty of Neuberg, splitting the Austrian Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-04-20. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1303 - The University of Rome La Sapienza is instituted by Pope Boniface VIII.
- ^ McClelland, Edward. "How Obama Learned to Be a Natural", Salon, February 12, 2007. Events 1429 - English Forces under Sir John Fastolf defend a supply convoy carrying rations to the army besieging Orleans from attack by the Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-04-20. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1303 - The University of Rome La Sapienza is instituted by Pope Boniface VIII. See also: Wolffe, Richard; Daren Briscoe. "Across the Divide", Newsweek, MSNBC, July 16, 2007. Events 622 - The beginning of the Islamic calendar. 1054 - Three Roman legates fractured relations between the Western and Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-04-20. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1303 - The University of Rome La Sapienza is instituted by Pope Boniface VIII. Helman, Scott. "Early Defeat Launched a Rapid Political Climb", Boston Globe, October 12, 2007. Events 539 BC - The army of Cyrus the Great of Persia takes Babylon. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-04-20. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1303 - The University of Rome La Sapienza is instituted by Pope Boniface VIII. and Obama learned from failed Congress run.
- ^ Calmes, Jackie. "Statehouse Yields Clues to Obama", Wall Street Journal, February 23, 2007. Events 1455 - Traditional date for the publication of the Gutenberg Bible, the first Western Book printed from Movable Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-04-20. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1303 - The University of Rome La Sapienza is instituted by Pope Boniface VIII.
- ^ Youngman, Sam; Aaron Blake. "Obama's Crime Votes Are Fodder for Rivals", The Hill, March 14, 2007. Events 1489 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-04-20. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1303 - The University of Rome La Sapienza is instituted by Pope Boniface VIII. See also: "US Presidential Candidate Obama Cites Work on State Death Penalty Reforms", Associated Press, International Herald Tribune, November 12, 2007. Events 764 - Tibetan troops occupy Chang'an, the capital of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, for fifteen days Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-04-20. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1303 - The University of Rome La Sapienza is instituted by Pope Boniface VIII.
- ^ Coffee, Melanie. "Attorney Chosen to Fill Obama's State Senate Seat", Associated Press, HPKCC, November 6, 2004. Events 355 - Roman Emperor Constantius II promotes his cousin Julian to the rank of Caesar, entrusting him with "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Retrieved on 2008-04-20. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1303 - The University of Rome La Sapienza is instituted by Pope Boniface VIII.
- ^ Helman, Scott. "Early Defeat Launched a Rapid Political Climb", Boston Globe, October 12, 2007. Events 539 BC - The army of Cyrus the Great of Persia takes Babylon. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-04-13. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1111 - Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. 1204 - The Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople
- ^ Davey, Monica. "Closely Watched Illinois Senate Race Attracts 7 Candidates in Millionaire Range", The New York Times, March 7, 2004. Events 161 - Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius dies and is succeeded by co-Emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Retrieved on 2008-04-13. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1111 - Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. 1204 - The Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople
- ^ Wallace-Wells, Ben. "Obama's Narrator", The New York Times Magazine, April 1, 2007. The New York Times Magazine is a supplement to the Sunday The New York Times newspaper Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-04-13. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1111 - Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. 1204 - The Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople
- ^ Davey, Monica. "From Crowded Field, Democrats Choose State Legislator to Seek Senate Seat", New York Times, May 17, 2004. Events 1521 - Edward Stafford 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for Treason. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Retrieved on 2008-04-13. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1111 - Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. 1204 - The Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople See also: Jackson, John S. "The Making of a Senator: Barack Obama and the 2004 Illinois Senate Race", Occasional Paper of the Paul Simon Public Policy Institute, Southern Illinois University, August 2006. Retrieved on 2008-04-13. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1111 - Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. 1204 - The Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople
- ^ "Ryan Drops Out of Senate Race in Illinois", CNN, June 25, 2004. Events 524 - Battle of Vézeronce, the Franks defeat the Burgundians "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Retrieved on 2008-04-13. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1111 - Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. 1204 - The Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople
- ^ Bernstein, David. "The Speech", Chicago Magazine, June 2007. Retrieved on 2008-04-13. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1111 - Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. 1204 - The Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople
- ^ Obama, Barack (July 27, 2004). Events 1214 - Battle of Bouvines: In France, Philip II of France defeats John of England. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Keynote Address at the 2004 Democratic National Convention (text or video). BarackObama. com. Retrieved on 2008-04-13. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1111 - Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. 1204 - The Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople
- ^ Archibold, Randal C. "The Illinois Candidate; Day After, Keynote Speaker Finds Admirers Everywhere", The New York Times, July 29, 2004. Events 1014 - Byzantine-Bulgarian Wars: Battle of Kleidion: Byzantine emperor Basil II inflicts a decisive defeat "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Retrieved on 2008-04-13. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1111 - Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. 1204 - The Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople Roach, Ronald. "Obama Rising", Black Issues In Higher Education, DiverseEducation. com, October 7, 2004. Events 3761 BC - The epoch (origin of the modern Hebrew calendar ( Proleptic Julian calendar) "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Retrieved on 2008-04-13. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1111 - Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. 1204 - The Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople
- ^ Lannan, Maura Kelly. "Alan Keyes Enters U.S. Senate Race in Illinois Against Rising Democratic Star", Associated Press, Union-Tribune (San Diego), August 9, 2004. Events 48 BC - Caesar's civil war: Battle of Pharsalus - Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Retrieved on 2008-04-13. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1111 - Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. 1204 - The Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople
- ^ Liam, Ford; David Mendell. "Keyes Sets Up House in Cal City", Chicago Tribune, August 13, 2004. Events 3114 BC - According to the Lounsbury correlation the start of the Maya calendar. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Retrieved on 2008-04-13. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1111 - Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. 1204 - The Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople
- ^ "America Votes 2004: U.S. Senate / Illinois", CNN. Retrieved on 2008-04-13. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1111 - Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. 1204 - The Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople Slevin, Peter. "For Obama, a Handsome Payoff in Political Gambles", The Washington Post, November 13, 2007. Events 1002 - English king Ethelred orders the killing of all Danes in England, known today as the St Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-04-13. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1111 - Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. 1204 - The Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople
- ^ About Barack Obama. Barack Obama U. S. Senate Office. Retrieved on 2008-04-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated
- ^ Babington, Charles; Shailagh Murray. "For Now, an Unofficial Rivalry", Washington Post, December 8, 2006. Events 1609 - Biblioteca Ambrosiana opens its reading room the second public library of Europe. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2008-04-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated Dorning, Mike. "Obama's Policy Team Loaded with All-Stars", Chicago Tribune, September 17, 2007. Events 1176 - The Battle of Myriokephalon is fought 1462 - The Battle of Świecino (or Battle of Żarnowiec Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-04-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated
- ^ Enda, Jodi. "Great Expectations", The American Prospect, February 5, 2006. Events 1576 - Henry of Navarre converts to Roman Catholicism in order to ensure his right to the throne of France. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2008-04-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated Bacon Jr. , Perry. "The Outsider's Insider", Washington Post, August 27, 2007. Events 479 BC - Greco-Persian Wars: Persian forces led by Mardonius are routed by Pausanias, the Spartan Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-04-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated
- ^ Traub, James. "Is (His) Biography (Our) Destiny?", The New York Times, November 4, 2007. Events 1333 - Flood of the Arno River, causing massive damage in Florence as recorded by the Florentine chronicler Giovanni Villani Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-04-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated King, Neil. "Obama Tones Foreign-Policy Muscle", Wall Street Journal, September 5, 2007. Events 1590 - Alexander Farnese 's army forces Henry IV of France to raise the siege of Paris. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-04-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated Sweet, Lynn. "Obama Taps Influential Foreign Policy Experts", Chicago Sun-Times, May 10, 2007. Events 1291 - Scottish Nobles recognize the authority of Edward I of England. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-04-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated
- ^ Breaking New Ground: African American Senators. U. S. Senate Historical Office. Retrieved on 2008-04-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated
- ^ Member Info. Congressional Black Caucus. Retrieved on 2008-04-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated See also: Zeleny, Jeff. "When It Comes to Race, Obama Makes His Point—With Subtlety", Chicago Tribune, June 26, 2005. Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian is killed during the retreat from the Sassanid Empire. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2008-04-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated
- ^ U. S. Senate, 109th Congress, 1st Session (May 12, 2005). Events 1191 - Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. S. 1033, Secure America and Orderly Immigration Act. Thomas. Retrieved on 2008-04-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated
- ^ "Immigration Bill Divides House, Senate", USA Today, September 22, 2006. Events 66 - Emperor Nero creates the Legion I Italica. 1236 - The Lithuanians Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2008-04-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated See also: Obama Statement on Senate Passage of Immigration Reform Bill. Barack Obama U. S. Senate Office (May 25, 2006). Events 1085 - Alfonso VI of Castile takes Toledo Spain back from the Moors. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2008-04-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated
- ^ "Latinos Upset Obama Voted for Border Fence", CBS 2 (Chicago), November 20, 2006. Events 284 - Diocletian was chosen as Roman Emperor. 762 - Bögü Khan of the Uyghurs, Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2008-04-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated
- ^ President Bush Signs Secure Fence Act. White House (October 26, 2006). Events 740 - An Earthquake strikes Constantinople, causing much damage and death Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2008-04-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated
- ^ President Bush Signs Federal Funding Accountability and Transparency Act. White House (September 26, 2006). Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar dedicates a Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ Lugar–Obama Nonproliferation Legislation Signed into Law by the President. Richard Lugar U. S. Senate Office (January 11, 2007). Events 1055 - Theodora is crowned Empress of the Byzantine Empire. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-04-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated See also: Lugar, Richard G; Barack Obama. "Junkyard Dogs of War", Washington Post, December 3, 2005. Events 1800 - War of the Second Coalition: Battle of Hohenlinden, French Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2008-04-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated The Lugar–Obama initiative subsequently received $48 million in funding. Obama, Lugar Secure Funding for Implementation of Nonproliferation Law. Richard Lugar U. S. Senate Office (June 28, 2007). Events 1098 - Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-04-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated
- ^ McCormack, John. "Google Government Gone Viral", Weekly Standard, December 21, 2007. Events 69 - The end of the Year of the four emperors: Following Galba, Otho and Vitellius, Vespasian Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-04-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated See also: President Bush Signs Coburn–Obama Transparency Act. Tom Coburn U. S. Senate Office (September 26, 2006). Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar dedicates a Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2008-04-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated The site provides the name and location of each entity receiving a Federal award, the funding agency, and the amount of the grant or contract. About This Site. USAspending. gov. Retrieved on 2008-04-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated
- ^ McIntire, Mike. "Nuclear Leaks and Response Tested Obama in Senate", The New York Times, February 3, 2008. Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Retrieved on 2008-04-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated
- ^ Dobbs, Michael. "Obama's 'Backroom Deal'?", Washington Post, February 14, 2008. Events 842 - Charles the Bald and Louis the German swear the Oaths of Strasbourg in the French and German 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Retrieved on 2008-04-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated
- ^ Democratic Republic of the Congo. United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (April 2006). Retrieved on 2008-04-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated The IRC Welcomes New U.S. Law on Congo. International Rescue Committee (January 5, 2007). Events 1477 - Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is killed and Burgundy becomes part of France. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-04-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated
- ^ Weixel, Nathaniel. "Feingold, Obama Go After Corporate Jet Travel", The Hill, November 15, 2007. Events 655 - Battle of Winwaed: Penda of Mercia is defeated by Oswiu of Northumbria. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-04-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated Weixel, Nathaniel. "Lawmakers Press FEC on Bundling Regulation", The Hill, December 5, 2007. Events 63 BC - Cicero reads the last of his Catiline Orations. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-04-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated See also: "Federal Election Commission Announces Plans to Issue New Regulations to Implement the Honest Leadership and Open Government Act of 2007", Federal Election Commission, September 24, 2007. Events 622 - Prophet Muhammad completes his hegira from Mecca to Medina. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-04-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated
- ^ Stern, Seth. "Obama–Schumer Bill Proposal Would Criminalize Voter Intimidation", CQPolitics. com, The New York Times, January 31, 2007. Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-04-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated U. S. Senate, 110th Congress, 1st Session (January 31, 2007). Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. S. 453, Deceptive Practices and Voter Intimidation Prevention Act of 2007. Thomas. Retrieved on 2008-04-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated See also: "Honesty in Elections" (editorial), The New York Times, January 31, 2007. Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-04-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated
- ^ H. Josef, Hebert. "Congress Begins Tackling Climate Issues", Associated Press, CBS News, January 29, 2007. Events 904 - Sergius III comes out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed Antipope Christopher. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-04-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated Williamson, Elizabeth. "The Green Gripe With Obama: Liquefied Coal Is Still… Coal", Washington Post, January 10, 2007. Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signaling the start of civil war. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-04-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated
- ^ Krystin, E. Kasak. "Obama Introduces Measure to Bring Troops Home", Medill News Service, The Times (Munster, Indiana), February 7, 2007. Events 457 - Leo I becomes emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 1074 - Battle of Montesarchio in which the Prince Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-04-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated "Latest Major Action: 1/30/2007 Referred to Senate committee. " U. S. Senate, 110th Congress, 1st Session (January 30, 2007). Events 1648 - Eighty Years' War: The Treaty of Münster is signed ending the conflict between the Netherlands and Spain Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. S. 433, Iraq War De-Escalation Act of 2007. Thomas. Retrieved on 2008-04-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated
- ^ Obama, Bond Hail New Safeguards on Military Personality Disorder Discharges, Urge Further Action. Kit Bond U. S. Senate Office (October 1, 2007). Events 331 BC - Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-04-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated See also: Dine, Philip. "Bond Calls for Review of Military Discharges", St. Louis Post-Dispatch, December 23, 2007. Events 962 - Byzantine-Arab Wars: Under the future Emperor Nicephorus Phocas, Byzantine troops stormed the city Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-04-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated
- ^ Graham-Silverman, Adam. "Despite Flurry of Action in House, Congress Unlikely to Act Against Iran", CQ Today, September 12, 2007. Events 1213 - Albigensian Crusade: Simon de Montfort 5th Earl of Leicester, defeats Peter II of Aragon at the Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-04-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated
- ^ a b Obama, Schiff Provision to Create Nuclear Threat Reduction Plan Approved. Barack Obama U. S. Senate Office (December 20, 2007). Events 69 - Vespasian, formerly a general under Nero, enters Rome to claim the title of Emperor. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-04-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated
- ^ Senate Passes Obama, McCaskill Legislation to Provide Safety Net for Families of Wounded Service Members. Barack Obama U. S. Senate Office (August 2, 2007). Events 338 BC - A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-04-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated
- ^ Nunn–Lugar Report. Richard Lugar U. S. Senate Office (August 2005). Retrieved on 2008-04-30. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 313 - Roman emperor Licinius unifies the entire Eastern Roman Empire under his rule
- ^ Committee Assignments (archive). Barack Obama U. S. Senate Office (2006-12-09). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 536 - Byzantine General Belisarius enters Rome while the Ostrogothic garrison peacefully leaves the city Retrieved on 2008-04-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated
- ^ Obama Gets New Committee Assignments. Associated Press. Barack Obama U. S. Senate Office (November 15, 2006). Events 655 - Battle of Winwaed: Penda of Mercia is defeated by Oswiu of Northumbria. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2008-04-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated
- ^ Baldwin, Tom. "Stay-At-Home Barack Obama Comes Under Fire for a Lack of Foreign Experience", Sunday Times (UK), December 21, 2007. Events 69 - The end of the Year of the four emperors: Following Galba, Otho and Vitellius, Vespasian Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-04-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated
- ^ Larson, Christina. "Hoosier Daddy: What Rising Democratic Star Barack Obama Can Learn from an Old Lion of the GOP", Washington Monthly, September 2006. Retrieved on 2008-04-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated
- ^ Goudie, Chuck. "Obama Meets with Arafat's Successor", WLS-TV, January 12, 2006. Events 475 - Basiliscus becomes Byzantine Emperor, with a coronation ceremony in the Hebdomon palace in Constantinople Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2008-04-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated
- ^ "Obama Slates Kenya for Fraud", News24. com, August 28, 2006. Events 475 - The Roman General Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his Capital Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2008-04-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated
- ^ Wamalwa, Chris. "Envoy Hits at Obama Over Graft Remark", The Standard (Nairobi), September 2, 2006. Events 44 BC - Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2008-04-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated Moracha, Vincent; Mangoa Mosota. "Leaders Support Obama on Graft Claims", The Standard (Nairobi), September 4, 2006. Events 476 - Romulus Augustus, last emperor of the Western Roman Empire, is deposed when Odoacer proclaims himself Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2008-04-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated
- ^ "Obama Launches Presidential Bid", BBC News, February 10, 2007. Events 1355 - The St Scholastica's Day riot breaks out in Oxford, England, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-01-14. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes. Video at Brightcove. TV.
- ^ "Presidential Campaign Announcement" (video), Obama for America, Brightcove. TV, February 10, 2007. Events 1355 - The St Scholastica's Day riot breaks out in Oxford, England, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-01-14. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes.
- ^ "Barack Obama at the DNC Winter 2007 Meeting" (video), Democratic National Committee, February 2, 2007. Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-01-14. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes. Full text from CQ Transcripts Wire. Retrieved on 2008-01-14. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes. See also: Harris, Paul. "The Obama Revolution", Guardian Unlimited, February 4, 2007. Events 211 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus dies leaving the Roman Empire in the hands of his two quarrelsome sons Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-01-14. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes.
- ^ "Barack Obama on the Issues: What Would Be Your Top Three Overall Priorities If Elected?", Washington Post. Retrieved on 2008-04-14. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 43 BC - Battle of Forum Gallorum: Mark Antony, besieging Julius Caesar 's assassin Decimus Junius Brutus in See also: Falcone, Michael. "Obama's 'One Thing'", The New York Times, December 21, 2007. Events 69 - The end of the Year of the four emperors: Following Galba, Otho and Vitellius, Vespasian Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-04-14. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 43 BC - Battle of Forum Gallorum: Mark Antony, besieging Julius Caesar 's assassin Decimus Junius Brutus in
- ^ Malone, Jim. "Obama Fundraising Suggests Close Race for Party Nomination", Voice of America, July 2, 2007. Events 310 - Pope Miltiades is elected 626 - In fear of assassination Li Shimin ambushes and kills his rival Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-01-14. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes.
- ^ Cummings, Jeanne. "Small Donors Rewrite Fundraising Handbook", Politico, September 26, 2007. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar dedicates a Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-01-14. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes.
- ^ Cadei, Emily. "Obama Outshines Other Candidates in January Fundraising", CQ Politics, February 21, 2008. Events 362 - Athanasius returns to Alexandria. 1245 - Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Retrieved on 2008-02-24. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 303 - Galerius, Roman Emperor, publishes his edict that begins the persecution of Christians in his portion of the
- ^ Newton-Small, Jay. "Obama (Sort of) Takes the Gloves Off", Time, October 28, 2007. Events 306 - Maxentius is proclaimed Roman Emperor. 312 - Battle of Milvian Bridge: Constantine Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-01-14. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes.
Nagourney, Adam; Jeff Zeleny. "Obama Rolls Out Aggressive Approach to Clinton's Campaign", International Herald Tribune, October 28, 2007. Events 306 - Maxentius is proclaimed Roman Emperor. 312 - Battle of Milvian Bridge: Constantine Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-01-14. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes. - ^ Balz, Dan; Shailagh Murray. "On Campaign Bus, Obama Opens Up About Challengers", The Washington Post, November 9, 2007. Events 694 - Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims sentencing all Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-01-14. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes.
- ^ 2008 Democratic Delegates. RealClearPolitics. Retrieved on 2008-03-25. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1199 - Richard I is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting France which leads to his death on April 6.
- ^ Dan Morain. "Obama sets fundraising record with $55 million", Los Angeles Times, March 7, 2008. Events 161 - Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius dies and is succeeded by co-Emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Retrieved on 2008-03-18. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 37 - The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius ' will and proclaims Caligula emperor
- ^ Brian Knowlton. "Make That 11 for Obama", The New York Times, February 21, 2008. Events 362 - Athanasius returns to Alexandria. 1245 - Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Retrieved on 2008-03-18. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 37 - The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius ' will and proclaims Caligula emperor
- ^ "Results: March 4 - Multi-State Events", CNN, 2008-03-04. Cable News Network, usually referred to by its Initialism CNN, is a major English language Television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 51 - Nero, later to become Roman Emperor, is given the title Princeps iuventutis (head of the youth Retrieved on 2008-03-04. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 51 - Nero, later to become Roman Emperor, is given the title Princeps iuventutis (head of the youth
- ^ a b Brian Ross; Rehab el-Buri. "Obama's Pastor: God Damn America, U.S. to Blame for 9/11", ABC News, March 13, 2008. This article is about the American news organization See also ABC News (disambiguation ABC News is a division of American Events 1138 - Cardinal Gregorio Conti is elected Antipope as Victor IV, succeeding Anacletus II. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Retrieved on 2008-03-17. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 45 BC - In his last victory Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger See also: Sullivan, Andrew. "For The Record", The Daily Dish, The Atlantic, March 16, 2008. Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Retrieved on 2008-03-18. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 37 - The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius ' will and proclaims Caligula emperor
- ^ Jeff Goldblatt. "Obama’s Pastor’s Sermon: ‘God Damn America’", FOXNews, March 14, 2008. Events 1489 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Retrieved on 2008-04-04. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1581 - Francis Drake completes a circumnavigation of the world and is knighted by Elizabeth I.
- ^ Johnson, Alex. "Controversial minister leaves Obama campaign", MSNBC, 2008-03-14. MSNBC is a 24-hour cable television news channel based in the United States and available in Canada. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1489 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice. Retrieved on 2008-04-28. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title
- ^ Barack Obama. "Remarks by Barack Obama: 'A More Perfect Union'", The Christian Science Monitor, March 18, 2008. Events 37 - The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius ' will and proclaims Caligula emperor 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Retrieved on 2008-03-18. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 37 - The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius ' will and proclaims Caligula emperor
- ^ "Reverend Wright at the National Press Club", CQ Transcriptions, The New York Times, April 28, 2008. Events 1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Retrieved on 2008-05-14. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1264 - Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured in France making Simon de Montfort the
- ^ Obama denounces former pastor. The Associated Press. MSNBC. com (April 29, 2008). Events 1429 - Joan of Arc arrives to relieve the Siege of Orleans. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Retrieved on 2008-05-14. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1264 - Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured in France making Simon de Montfort the
- ^ "Obama resigns from controversial church", CNN, May 31, 2008. Events 1279 BC - Rameses II (The Great (19th dynasty becomes pharaoh of Ancient Egypt. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Retrieved on 2008-05-31. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1279 BC - Rameses II (The Great (19th dynasty becomes pharaoh of Ancient Egypt.
- ^ "Obama quits church after long controversy", MSNBC, June 1, 2008. Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Retrieved on 2008-06-05. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ "Superdelegates put Obama within reach", The Associated Press, MSNBC. com, May 12, 2008. Events 1191 - Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Retrieved on 2008-05-13. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1497 - Pope Alexander VI excommunicates Girolamo Savonarola.
- ^ "Clinton Wins Puerto Rico Primary", The Associated Press, Free Internet Press, June 1, 2008. Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Retrieved on 2008-06-01. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected
- ^ Obama: I will be the Democratic nominee - CNN.com. Retrieved on 2008-06-06. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1508 - Maximilian I Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year
- ^ Zeleny, Jeff and Michael Luo. "Obama Clinches Nomination", New York Times, 2008-06-04. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 781 BC - The first historic Solar eclipse is recorded in China. Retrieved on 2008-06-04. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 781 BC - The first historic Solar eclipse is recorded in China.
- ^ John Whitesides in Washington. Obama clinches nomination. Retrieved on 2008-06-06. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1508 - Maximilian I Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year
- ^ Obama (2006), p. 159.
- ^ Franklin, Ben A. "The Fifth Black Senator in U.S. History Makes F.D.R. His Icon", Washington Spectator, June 1, 2005. Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2008-01-14. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes.
- ^ Zeleny, Jeff. "Judicious Obama Turns Up Volume", Chicago Tribune, September 12, 2005. Events 1213 - Albigensian Crusade: Simon de Montfort 5th Earl of Leicester, defeats Peter II of Aragon at the Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2008-01-14. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes.
- ^ Pickler, Nedra. "Obama Calls for Universal Health Care within Six Years", Associated Press, Union-Tribune (San Diego), January 25, 2007. Events 41 - After a night of negotiation Claudius is accepted as Roman Emperor by the Senate Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-01-14. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes. , . Obama's campaign published a detailed health care reform plan in May 2007. Tumulty, Karen. "Obama Channels Hillary on Health Care", Time, May 29, 2007. Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian defeats the Sassanid army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-01-14. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes. See also: Creating a Healthcare System that Works. BarackObama. com. Retrieved on 2008-01-14. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes.
- ^ http://www.barackobama.com/2008/06/09/remarks_of_senator_barack_obam_76.php
- ^ "Rally at Coastal Carolina University in Conway, SC" (video), Obama for America, Brightcove. TV, August 23, 2007. Events 79 - Mount Vesuvius begins stirring on the feast day of Vulcan the Roman god of fire Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-02-17. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1500 - Battle of Hemmingstedt. 1600 - Philosopher Giordano Bruno is burned alive at Campo de' Fiori
- ^ Nather, David. "The Space Between Clinton and Obama", CQ Weekly, January 14, 2008. Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Retrieved on 2008-04-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated See also: Curry, Tom. "What Obama's Senate Votes Reveal", MSNBC, February 21, 2008. Events 362 - Athanasius returns to Alexandria. 1245 - Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Retrieved on 2008-04-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated
- ^ "Obama: Most Liberal Senator In 2007", National Journal, January 31, 2008. Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Retrieved on 2008-04-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated
- ^ "Obama Interview" (transcript), WJLA-TV, Politico, February 12, 2008. Events 1429 - English Forces under Sir John Fastolf defend a supply convoy carrying rations to the army besieging Orleans from attack by the 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Retrieved on 2008-04-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated See also: Toner, Robin. For the Irish surname see Toner (surname. Toner is a powder used in Laser printers and Photocopiers to form "Obama's Promise of a New Majority", International Herald Tribune, also NYT version (published 2008-03-25), March 23, 2008. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1199 - Richard I is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting France which leads to his death on April 6. Events 1174 - Jocelin, Abbot of Melrose, is elected Bishop of Glasgow. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Retrieved on 2008-04-30. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 313 - Roman emperor Licinius unifies the entire Eastern Roman Empire under his rule
- ^ Mayer, William. "Kerry's Record Rings a Bell", Washington Post, (2004-03-28): "The question of how to measure a senator's or representative's ideology is one that political scientists regularly need to answer. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 37 - Roman Emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, entitled to him by the Senate. For more than 30 years, the standard method for gauging ideology has been to use the annual ratings of lawmakers' votes by various interest groups, notably the Americans for Democratic Action (ADA) and the American Conservative Union (ACU). " Retrieved 2008-06-07. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1099 - The First Crusade: The Siege of Jerusalem begins
- ^ “2005 U.S. Senate Votes”, American Conservative Union; “2006 U.S. Senate Votes”, American Conservative Union; “2007 U.S. Senate Votes”, American Conservative Union. Retrieved 2008-06-07. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1099 - The First Crusade: The Siege of Jerusalem begins
- ^ “ADA’s 2005 Congressional Voting Record”, Americans for Democratic Action; “ADA’s 2006 Congressional Voting Record”, Americans for Democratic Action; “ADA’s 2007 Congressional Voting Record”, Americans for Democratic Action. Retrieved 2008-06-07. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1099 - The First Crusade: The Siege of Jerusalem begins
- ^ Schoenberg, Shira. "Obama Shares School Plan", Concord Monitor, November 21, 2007. Events 164 BC - Judas Maccabaeus, son of Mattathias of the Hasmonean family restores the Temple in Jerusalem. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-01-14. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes.
- ^ Davis, Teddy; Sunlen Miller. "Obama Bucks Party Line on Education", ABC News, November 20, 2007. Events 284 - Diocletian was chosen as Roman Emperor. 762 - Bögü Khan of the Uyghurs, Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-01-14. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes.
- ^ "A Speech On the Economy, Opportunity and Tax Policy with Senator Barack Obama", Tax Policy Center, September 18, 2007. Events 96 - Nerva is proclaimed Roman Emperor after Domitian is assassinated Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-01-14. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes.
- ^ "Study:Bush tax cuts favor wealthy", CBS, August 13, 2004. Events 3114 BC - According to the Lounsbury correlation the start of the Maya calendar. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Retrieved on 2008-04-05. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 456 - St Patrick returns to Ireland as a missionary bishop
- ^ "Obama Tax Plan: $80 Billion in Cuts, Five-Minute Filings", CNN, September 18, 2007. Events 96 - Nerva is proclaimed Roman Emperor after Domitian is assassinated Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-01-14. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes.
- ^ Zeleny, Jeff. "Obama Proposes Capping Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Making Polluters Pay", The New York Times, October 9, 2007. Events 768 - Carloman I and Charlemagne are crowned Kings of The Franks. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-01-14. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes.
- ^ Barack Obama. The Blueprint for Change: Barack Obama's plan for America. Retrieved on 2008-04-20. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1303 - The University of Rome La Sapienza is instituted by Pope Boniface VIII.
- ^ Strausberg, Chinta. "Opposition to war mounts" (paid archive), Chicago Defender, September 26, 2002, p. The Chicago Defender was the United States ’ largest and most influential black weekly newspaper by the beginning of World War I. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar dedicates a See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. 1. Retrieved on 2008-02-03. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states
- ^ Office of the Press Secretary (October 2, 2002). The White House Press Secretary is a senior White House official with a rank one step below Presidential Cabinet level Events 1187 - Siege of Jerusalem: Saladin captures Jerusalem after 88 years of Crusader rule See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. President, House Leadership Agree on Iraq Resolution. The White House. The Executive Office of the President ( EOP) consists of the immediate staff of the President of the United States, as well as multiple levels of support staff reporting Retrieved on 2008-02-17. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1500 - Battle of Hemmingstedt. 1600 - Philosopher Giordano Bruno is burned alive at Campo de' Fiori Tackett, Michael. "Bush, House OK Iraq deal; Congress marches with Bush" (paid archive), Chicago Tribune, October 3, 2002, p. Events 42 BC - First Battle of Philippi: Triumvirs Mark Antony and Octavian fight an indecisive battle with Caesar's See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. 1. Retrieved on 2008-02-03. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states
- ^ Glauber, Bill. "War protesters gentler, but passion still burns" (paid archive), Chicago Tribune, October 3, 2002, p. Events 42 BC - First Battle of Philippi: Triumvirs Mark Antony and Octavian fight an indecisive battle with Caesar's See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. 1. Retrieved on 2008-02-03. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states Strausberg, Chinta. "War with Iraq undermines U.N.", Chicago Defender, October 3, 2002, p. Events 42 BC - First Battle of Philippi: Triumvirs Mark Antony and Octavian fight an indecisive battle with Caesar's See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. 1. Retrieved on 2008-02-03. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states Bryant, Greg. "300 protesters rally to oppose war with Iraq", Medill News Service, October 2, 2002. Northwestern University 's Medill School of Journalism (often just called Medill is one of the premier Journalism, Integrated marketing, and Media Events 1187 - Siege of Jerusalem: Saladin captures Jerusalem after 88 years of Crusader rule See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2008-02-03. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states Katz, Marilyn (October 2, 2007). Events 1187 - Siege of Jerusalem: Saladin captures Jerusalem after 88 years of Crusader rule Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Five Years Since Our First Action. Chicagoans Against War & Injustice. Retrieved on 2008-02-17. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1500 - Battle of Hemmingstedt. 1600 - Philosopher Giordano Bruno is burned alive at Campo de' Fiori Mendell (2007), pp. 172–177.
- ^ Obama, Barack. "Remarks of Illinois State Sen. Barack Obama Against Going to War with Iraq", BarackObama. com, October 2, 2002. Events 1187 - Siege of Jerusalem: Saladin captures Jerusalem after 88 years of Crusader rule See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2008-02-03. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states
- ^ Office of the Press Secretary (March 16, 2003). Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. President Bush: Monday "Moment of Truth" for World on Iraq. The White House. Retrieved on 2008-02-17. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1500 - Battle of Hemmingstedt. 1600 - Philosopher Giordano Bruno is burned alive at Campo de' Fiori Associated Press. "'Moment of truth for the world'; Bush, three allies set today as final day for Iraq to disarm or face massive military attack" (paid archive), Chicago Sun-Times, March 17, 2003, p. Events 45 BC - In his last victory Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. 1. Retrieved on 2008-02-03. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states
- ^ Ritter, Jim. "Anti-war rally here draws thousands" (paid archive), Chicago Sun-Times, March 17, 2003, p. Events 45 BC - In his last victory Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. 3. Retrieved on 2008-02-03. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states
- ^ McCormick, John. "Senate hopefuls abound for '04; Forum attracts 9 for Fitzgerald post" (paid archive), Chicago Tribune, July 14, 2003, p. Events 1223 - Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father Philip II of France. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. 1 (Metro section). Retrieved on 2008-02-03. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states Chase, John; Mendell, David. "Senate candidates divided over Iraq; 5 Democrats hit Bush on policy" (paid archive), Chicago Tribune, January 23, 2004, p. Events 393 - Roman Emperor Theodosius I proclaims his nine year old son Honorius co-emperor "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " 1 (Metro section). Retrieved on 2008-02-03. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states
- ^ McCormick, John; Dorning, Mike. "Obama marks '02 war speech - Contender highlights his early opposition in effort to distinguish him from his rivals" (paid archive), Chicago Tribune, October 3, 2007, p. Events 42 BC - First Battle of Philippi: Triumvirs Mark Antony and Octavian fight an indecisive battle with Caesar's Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. 7. Retrieved on 2008-02-03. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states
- ^ For audio and text, see: Obama, Barack (November 20, 2006). Events 284 - Diocletian was chosen as Roman Emperor. 762 - Bögü Khan of the Uyghurs, Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. A Way Forward in Iraq. Chicago Council on Global Affairs. Retrieved on 2008-01-14. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes.
- ^ Obama, Barack (March 2, 2007). Events 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks. 1127 - Assassination of Charles the Good Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. AIPAC Policy Forum Remarks. Barack Obama U. S. Senate Office. Retrieved on 2008-01-30. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1648 - Eighty Years' War: The Treaty of Münster is signed ending the conflict between the Netherlands and Spain For Obama's 2004 Senate campaign remarks on possible missile strikes against Iran, see: Mendell, David. "Obama Would Consider Missile Strikes on Iran" (paid archive), Chicago Tribune, September 25, 2004. Events 303 - On a voyage preaching the Gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona is beheaded in Amiens, France "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Retrieved on 2008-01-14. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes.
- ^ Official Obama campaign's official website Accessed 11 May 2008
- ^ New York Times Interview 2 November 2007
- ^ Transcript of Youtube Debate 24 July 2007
- ^ "Obama Warns Pakistan on Al-Qaeda", BBC News, August 1, 2007. Events 30 BC - Octavian (later known as Augustus enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-01-14. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes. For video and text of the speech, see: "Policy Address on Terrorism by The Honorable Barack Obama, United States Senator from Illinois", Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, August 1, 2007. Events 30 BC - Octavian (later known as Augustus enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-01-30. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1648 - Eighty Years' War: The Treaty of Münster is signed ending the conflict between the Netherlands and Spain For details of the aborted 2005 military operation, see Mazzetti, Mark. "Rumsfeld Called Off 2005 Plan to Capture Top Qaeda Figures", International Herald Tribune, July 8, 2007. Events 939 - The Major Occultation or Ghaybat el-Kubra of Muhammad al-Mahdi 1099 - First Crusade: 15000 Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-01-14. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes.
- ^ Obama, Barack; Sam Brownback. "Policy Adrift on Darfur", The Washington Post, December 27, 2005. Events 537 - The Hagia Sophia is completed 1512 - The Spanish Crown issues the Laws of Burgos, governing the Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2008-01-14. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes. Doyle, Jim. "Tens of Thousands Rally for Darfur", San Francisco Chronicle, May 1, 2006. Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2008-01-14. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes.
- ^ Kuhnhenn, Jim. "Giuliani, Edwards Have Sudan Holdings", Associated Press, SFGate. com, May 17, 2007. Events 1521 - Edward Stafford 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for Treason. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-01-14. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes. Obama, Barack. "Hit Iran Where It Hurts", New York Daily News, August 30, 2007. Events 1363 - Beginning date of the Battle of Lake Poyang; the forces of two Chinese rebel leaders— Chen Youliang and Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-01-14. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes.
- ^ Obama, Barack. "Renewing American Leadership", Foreign Affairs, July–August 2007. Retrieved on 2008-01-14. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes.
- ^ Lerner, Michael. "U.S. Senator Barack Obama Critiques Democrats' Religiophobia", Tikkun Magazine, July 3, 2006. Events 324 - Battle of Adrianople Constantine I defeats Licinius, who flees to Byzantium. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2008-01-14. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes. Sen. Barack Obama: Call to Renewal Keynote Address. Beliefnet (June 28, 2006). Events 1098 - Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2008-01-14. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes.
- ^ Gibson, Manda. "At Global AIDS Summit, Churches Challenged to Take the Lead", PurposeDriven. com, June 28, 2006. Events 1098 - Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2008-01-14. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes.
- ^ "Screaming Crowds Welcome U.S. Senator 'Home'", CNN, August 27, 2006. Events 479 BC - Greco-Persian Wars: Persian forces led by Mardonius are routed by Pausanias, the Spartan Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2008-01-14. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes.
- ^ Obama, Barack. "Race Against Time—World AIDS Day Speech", Obama U. S. Senate Office, December 1, 2006. Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2008-01-14. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes.
- ^ "Rick Warren/Barack Obama AIDS Partnership Must End, Say Pro-Life Groups", Christian Newswire Press Release, November 28, 2006. For the town in Argentina, see 28 de Noviembre. Events Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2008-01-14. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes. See also: Van Biema, David. "The Real Losers in the Obama-Warren Controversy", Time, December 1, 2006. Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2008-01-14. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes.
- ^ "Barack Obama: Faith Has Been 'Hijacked'", Associated Press, CBS News, June 24, 2007. Events 972 - Battle of Cedynia, the first documented victory of Polish forces takes place Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-01-14. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes. See also: Brody, David. "Obama to CBN News: We're No Longer Just a Christian Nation", Christian Broadcasting Network, July 30, 2007. Events 1419 - First Defenestration of Prague. 1502 - Christopher Columbus lands at Guanaja in the Bay Islands off Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-01-14. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes.
- ^ Barack Obama. (2007-10-22). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 202 BC - Hannibal Barca, leader of the Carthaginians, is defeated by the Roman legions under Scipio Africanus Obama-Caucus4Priorities (flv). Obama '08. Retrieved on 2008-05-18. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1152 - Henry II of England marries Eleanor of Aquitaine.
- ^ "Obama, Hagel, Cantwell Introduce Bill to Fight Global Poverty", December 11, 2007. Events 359 - Honoratus, the first known Prefect of the City of Constantinople, takes office Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ Cliff Kincaid. "Barack Obama's Global Tax Proposal Up for Senate Vote", National Ledger, February 12, 2008.
- ^ Scott Fornek. "AUMA OBAMA:Her restlessness, her independence", Chicago Sun Times, 2007-09-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1000 - Battle of Svolder, Viking Age. 1379 - Treaty of Neuberg, splitting the Austrian Retrieved on 2008-03-23. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1174 - Jocelin, Abbot of Melrose, is elected Bishop of Glasgow.
- ^ Obama (2006), pp. 327–332. See also: Brown, Sarah. "Obama '85 Masters Balancing Act", Daily Princetonian, December 7, 2005. Events 43 BC - Marcus Tullius Cicero assassinated 1696 - Connecticut Route 108, one of the oldest highways Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2008-04-28. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title Tucker, Eric. "Family Ties: Brown Coach, Barack Obama", Associated Press, ABC News, March 1, 2007. Events 86 BC - Lucius Cornelius Sulla, at the head of a Roman Republic army enters in Athens, removing the Tyrant Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-04-28. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title
- ^ Obama (2006), p. 329.
- ^ Fornek, Scott. "Michelle Obama: 'He Swept Me Off My Feet'", Chicago Sun-Times, October 3, 2007. Events 42 BC - First Battle of Philippi: Triumvirs Mark Antony and Octavian fight an indecisive battle with Caesar's Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-04-28. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title
- ^ Obama (1995), p. 440, and Obama (2006), pp. 339–340. See also: Election 2008 Information Center: Barack Obama. Gannett News Service. Retrieved on 2008-04-28. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title
- ^ "Senator Barack Obama Visit to CJTF-HOA and Camp Lemonier: 31 August—1 September 2006" (video), Combined Joint Task Force—Horn of Africa, YouTube, February 6, 2007. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats the combined army of Pompeian followers and Numidians under Metellus Scipio Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-04-28. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title
- ^ Obama: I trusted Rezko (2008-03-15). 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 44 BC - Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus,
- ^ Zeleny, Jeff. "The First Time Around: Sen. Obama's Freshman Year", Chicago Tribune, December 24, 2005. Events 563 - The Byzantine church Hagia Sophia in Constantinople is dedicated for the second time after being destroyed by Earthquakes Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2008-04-28. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title
- ^ Slevin, Peter. "Obama Says He Regrets Land Deal With Fundraiser", The Washington Post, December 17, 2006. Events 546 - Gothic War (535–554: The Ostrogoths of King Totila Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2008-06-10. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1190 - Third Crusade: Frederick I Barbarossa drowns in the Sally River while leading an army to Jerusalem
- ^ "Obama's Money", CNNMoney. com, December 7, 2007. Events 43 BC - Marcus Tullius Cicero assassinated 1696 - Connecticut Route 108, one of the oldest highways Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-04-28. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title See also: Goldfarb, Zachary A. "Measuring Wealth of the '08 Candidates", The Washington Post, March 24, 2007. Events 1401 - Mongol emperor Timur sacks Damascus. 1603 - James VI of Scotland Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-04-28. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title
- ^ Zelany, Jeff. "Book Sales Lifted Obamas' Income in 2007 to a Total of $4.2 Million", The New York Times, April 17, 2008. Events 69 - After the First Battle of Bedriacum, Vitellius becomes Roman Emperor. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Retrieved on 2008-04-28. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title
- ^ Kantor, Jodi. "One Place Where Obama Goes Elbow to Elbow", The New York Times, June 1, 2007. Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-04-28. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title See also: "The Love of the Game" (video), HBO: Real Sports with Bryant Gumbel, YouTube (BarackObama. com), April 15, 2008. Events 1450 - Battle of Formigny: Toward the end of the Hundred Years' War, the French attack and nearly annihilate English 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Retrieved on 2008-04-28. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title
- ^ Parsons, Christi. "Obama Launches an '07 Campaign—To Quit Smoking", Chicago Tribune,